Multiple opportunistic AIDS-associated disorders strictly related to immunodeficiency levels, in a girl with congenital HIV infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 638-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Manfredi ◽  
Leonardo Calza ◽  
Francesco Chiodo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Highly Active

A 16-year-old girl with vertical HIV disease treated since birth suffered from six different AIDS-defining disorders until now. Even during the highly active antiretroviral therapy, multiple AIDS-related opportunistic infections may complicate the course of long-term congenital HIV disease, showing a strict relationship with immunological deterioration, which occurs shortly after virologic failure, due to an extensive genotypic resistance to all available antiretroviral compounds.

Long-term virological effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid and relationship with genotypic resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabella Bestetti ◽  
Silvia Presi ◽  
Chiara Pierotti ◽  
Simona Bossolasco ◽  
Serena Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Highly Active

scholarly journals Trends in Mortality From Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 1984–2016: An Autopsy-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobia Nizami ◽  
Cameron Morales ◽  
Kelly Hu ◽  
Robert Holzman ◽  
Amy Rapkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Context.— With increasing use and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, deaths from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–defining conditions have decreased. Objective.— To examine trends in the cause of death of HIV-infected patients who underwent autopsy at a major New York City hospital from 1984 to 2016, a period including the major epochs of the AIDS epidemic. Design.— Retrospective review of autopsy records and charts with modeling of trends by logistic regression using polynomial models. Results.— We identified 252 autopsies in adult patients with AIDS (by 1982 definition) or HIV infection. Prior to widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, in 1984–1995, on average 13 autopsies per year were done. Post–highly active antiretroviral therapy, the average number of autopsies declined to 4.5 per year. The fitted mean age at death was 35 years in 1984 and increased curvilinearly to 46 years (95% CI, 43–49) in 2016 (P < .001). By regression analysis, mean CD4+ T-cell count increased from 6 in 1992 to 64 in 2016 (P = .01). The proportion of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections decreased, from 79% in 1984–1987 to 41% in 2008–2011 and 29% in 2012–2016 (P = .04). The frequency of nonopportunistic infections, however, increased from 37% in 1984–1987 to 73% in 2008–2011 and 57% in 2012–2016 (P = .001). The frequency of AIDS-defining and other malignancies did not change significantly during the study period. The prevalence of atherosclerosis at autopsy rose dramatically, from 21% in 1988–1991 to 54% in 2008–2011 (P < .001). Conclusions.— Despite limitations of autopsy studies, many trends in the evolution of the HIV/AIDS epidemic are readily discernable.

scholarly journals Long-term consequences of the delay between virologic failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy and regimen modification

AIDS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 2097-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya L Petersen ◽  
Mark J van der Laan ◽  
Sonia Napravnik ◽  
Joseph J Eron ◽  
Richard D Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Regimen Modification ◽  
Long Term Consequences

scholarly journals Impact of HIV infection and smoking on lung immunity and related disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1781-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa M. Rossouw ◽  
Ronald Anderson ◽  
Charles Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Impact

HIV-infected persons not only have higher rates of smoking than the general population, but are also unusually vulnerable to the associated adverse health effects, both infective and noninfective in origin. Indeed, in the setting of well-organised care and availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV infection per se, presenting a major challenge to healthcare providers. Not surprisingly, the respiratory system is particularly susceptible to the damaging interactive chronic inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of HIV and smoking, intensifying the risk of the development of opportunistic infections, as well as lung cancer and obstructive lung disorders. The impact of smoking on the immunopathogenesis and frequencies of these respiratory conditions in the setting of HIV infection, as well as on the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy, represent the primary focus of this review.

HIV-Associated Opportunistic Infections and Conditions

2012 ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M Meehan ◽  
Eric M Poeschla
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Haart Therapy

Opportunistic infections (OIs) accounted for most of the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection in the early era of the pandemic. Introduction of effective primary and secondary antimicrobial prophylaxis regimens markedly decreased their incidence. Later in the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the introduction of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) further reduced OI mortality independently of antimicrobial prophylaxis. HIV-associated OIs still occur when HIV is newly diagnosed and the course of care is in its early stages or when HAART therapy fails or antimicrobial prophylaxis is stopped prematurely. Immune status of the patient is the critical factor in determining whether a specific OI occurs. Management of specific OIs, such as pneumocystis pneumonia, encephalitis, cryptococcosis, and tuberculosis, is also reviewed.

scholarly journals HIV and Aging – Perhaps Not as Dramatic as We Feared?

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Engel ◽  
Marieke Raffenberg ◽  
Catia Marzolini ◽  
Matthias Cavassini ◽  
Helen Kovari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Highly Active

Ever since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1995, HIV infection has been linked to “metabolic” complications (insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, and others). Studies suggested increased rates of myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency, neurocognitive dysfunction, and fractures in HIV-postitive patients. Even long-term suppression of HIV seemed to be accompanied by an excess of deleterious inflammation that could promote these complications. The aims of this viewpoint paper are to summarize recent data and to examine the possibility that the problem of aging-related morbidity in HIV might not be as dramatic as previously believed.

Long-term virological effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid and relationship with genotypic resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (s1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Arabella Bestetti ◽  
Silvia Presi ◽  
Chiara Pierotti ◽  
Simona Bossolasco ◽  
Serena Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Highly Active
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