Development of the Thai Breast Cancer Belief Scale for Thai Immigrants in the United States

Asian American women have not benefited from the decline in breast cancer mortality and have lower rates of mammography use. Understanding mammography behaviors among these Asian American women requires culturally specific measures. Champion’s Belief Scale was translated into Thai and cultural items were added. The Thai Breast Cancer Belief Scale (TBCBS), the Suinn-Lew Self-Identification Acculturation, and the Asian Values Scale-Revised were administered to 250 Thai immigrants. The TBCBS was tested for face validity, construct validity, and internal consistency. Factor analysis reflected the 4 constructs of the Health Belief Model and accounted for 45.8% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .77 to .90. Modest correlations were observed between TBCBS subscales and acculturation scales. Results indicate that the TBCBS measures breast cancer beliefs among Thai immigrant population.

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Breast Cancer Screening Practices among Low-Income Vietnamese Women

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.2190/248j-9a9f-b2hf-kbxa ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 41-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jenny K. Yi ◽

Cielito C. Reyes-Gibby

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

United States ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Breast Cancer Screening ◽

Asian American ◽

Low Income ◽

The United States ◽

Asian American Women ◽

American Women ◽

Vietnamese Women

Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian-American women in the United States and breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Asian-American women. Early detection through breast cancer screening has been found to improve the rate of survival for breast cancer. This study examined factors associated with breast cancer screening among 345 Vietnamese women ≥40 years old residing in a low-income Houston area. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, access to care factors, acculturation, and perceived susceptibility and severity of risks. Results showed 38 percent, 49 percent, and 33 percent of the respondents reporting having had a breast self-exam, a clinical breast exam, and a mammogram, respectively. Predictors of breast cancer screening include education, employment, ability to speak English, having lived in the United States for more than five years, and having a regular place of care. Implications of this study include the need for a culturally-relevant educational program for this understudied population.

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Breast Cancer Mortality among Asian-American Women in California: Variation according to Ethnicity and Tumor Subtype

Journal of Breast Cancer ◽

10.4048/jbc.2016.19.2.112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carol Parise ◽

Vincent Caggiano

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Asian American ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Breast Cancer Mortality ◽

Tumor Subtype ◽

Asian American Women ◽

American Women

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Content Validity of a Screening Instrument for Breast Cancer Early Detection Among Asian American Women: The Cultural Health and Screening Mammography Belief Scale

Journal of Nursing Measurement ◽

10.1891/1061-3749.24.3.356 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 356-364

Author(s):

Meng Zhao ◽

Patricia L. Conard

Keyword(s):

Asian American ◽

Content Validity ◽

Cultural Beliefs ◽

The United States ◽

Screening Mammography ◽

Asian American Women ◽

American Women ◽

Cancer Early Detection ◽

Belief Scale ◽

Level I

Background and Purpose: Asian American women have the lowest mammography screening rate in the United States. There is no standardized instrument available to measure their cultural beliefs regarding screening mammography. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the content validity of the Cultural Health and Screening Mammography Belief Scale (CHSMBS) developed for this population. Procedures for Instrument Development: The content validity was examined using content validity index (CVI). Both item-level (I-CVI) and scale-level CVIs (S-CVI) were evaluated. Results: The instrument’s I-CVIs ranged from 0.75 to 1.00, and the S-CVI was 1.00, reflecting excellent inter-rater agreement. Conclusions: The study has established the scale’s content validity to evaluate Asian American women’s use of screening mammography. Further examination of the reliability and construct validity will add further support of the scale’s utility in health research and practice.

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Current Gaps in Breast Cancer Screening Among Asian and Asian American Women in the United States

Journal of the American College of Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacr.2021.06.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Young-Jin Sohn ◽

Connie Y. Chang ◽

Randy C. Miles

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

United States ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Breast Cancer Screening ◽

Asian American ◽

The United States ◽

Asian American Women ◽

American Women

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Asian and Asian American Women in the United States before World War II

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.585 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shirley Hune

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Asian American ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

The Philippines ◽

Asian Women ◽

Asian American Women ◽

American Women ◽

And Gender

Asian women, the immigrant generation, entered Hawai’i, when it was a kingdom and subsequently a US territory, and the Western US continent, from the 1840s to the 1930s as part of a global movement of people escaping imperial wars, colonialism, and homeland disorder. Most were wives or picture brides from China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, and South Asia, joining menfolk who worked overseas to escape poverty and strife. Women also arrived independently; some on the East Coast. US immigration laws restricting the entry of Asian male laborers also limited Asian women. Asian women were critical for establishing Asian American families and ensuring such households’ survival and social mobility. They worked on plantations, in agricultural fields and canneries, as domestics and seamstresses, and helped operate family businesses, while doing housework, raising children, and navigating cultural differences. Their activities gave women more power in their families than by tradition and shifted gender roles toward more egalitarian households. Women’s organizations, and women’s leadership, ideas, and skills contributed to ethnic community formation. Second generation (US-born) Asian American women grew up in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and negotiated generational as well as cultural differences. Some were mixed race, namely, biracial or multiracial. Denied participation in many aspects of American youth culture, they formed ethnic-based clubs and organizations and held social activities that mirrored mainstream society. Some attended college. A few broke new ground professionally. Asian and Asian American women were diverse in national origin, class, and location. Both generations faced race and gender boundaries in education, employment, and public spaces, and they were active in civic affairs to improve their lives and their communities’ well-being. Across America, they marched, made speeches, and raised funds to free their homelands from foreign occupation and fought for racial and gender equality in the courts, workplaces, and elsewhere.

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