scholarly journals Legal And Ethical Implications Of The Foreign Outsourcing Of Tax Return Preparation

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Leavins ◽  
John Starner ◽  
John E. Simms
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Foreign Service ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Foreign Outsourcing ◽  
Code Of Professional Conduct

In recent years, the outsourcing of tax preparation to foreign service providers has grown substantially. The benefits of outsourcing include lower costs and obtaining additional assistance during the busy tax season. However, some have raised both legal and ethical questions regarding this process. Arguments against the practice include problems related to ensuring confidentially of the information transmitted and the inability to adequately supervise personnel in foreign locations. This paper explores the legal concerns and ethical questions regarding outsourcing in light of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the Internal Revenue Service requirements, and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountant’s Code of Professional Conduct. In addition, the paper summarizes the most recent pronouncement of the AICPA on the subject.

scholarly journals The Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Nations Adopted by the American Institute of International Law

1916 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elihu Root
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Foreign Service ◽  
The People ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
International Events

With this meeting we finish the first decade of this Society. How great is the change of conditions in the field of international law during that period. Ten years ago all the governments of the world professed unqualified respect and obedience to the law of nations, and a very small number of persons not directly connected with government knew or cared anything about it. In this country at least international law was regarded as a rather antiquated branch of useless learning, diplomacy as a foolish mystery, and the foreign service as a superfluous expense. Now that governments have violated and flouted the law in many ways and with appalling consequences, the people of this country at least have begun to realize that observance of the law has a real and practical relation to the peace and honor of their own country and their own prosperity. They are beginning to take an interest in the subject, to discuss it in the newspapers, to inquire how observance of the law may be enforced. There appears a dawning consciousness that a democracy which undertakes to control its own foreign relations ought to know something about the subject. If we had not established this Society ten years ago to study and discuss and spread a knowledge of international law it would surely be demanded now, and we may be certain that our annual public discussions and the publication of the admirable Journal which we have always maintained, with its definite and certain informa-lion upon international events, its interesting and well informed discussion of international topics, and its supplements, with their wealth of authentic copies of international documents, have contributed materially towards fitting the people of our country to deal with the international situations which are before them.

scholarly journals An Examination of AICPA Disciplinary Actions: 1980–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. A1-A13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L. Armitage ◽  
Shane R. Moriarity
Keyword(s):  
Professional Service ◽  
Substantial Decrease ◽  
Certified Public Accountants ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
Disciplinary Actions ◽  
American Institute ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Public Accountants ◽  
Code Of Professional Conduct

SUMMARY This study examines trends in the disciplinary sanctions imposed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) over the 35-year period 1980–2014. It reveals that the sizable increase in the number of sanctions that followed the 1988 revision to the Institute's Code of Professional Conduct has mostly stabilized. However, there is still growth in the number of sanctions being imposed for substandard professional service. The sanctions imposed for substandard professional service have also become more stringent. In combination these actions confer assurance that continuing members of the Institute provide superior professional service. A 2003 bylaw change that imposes automatic sanctions for members disciplined by approved bodies has resulted in a substantial decrease in the number of investigations undertaken by the AICPA. However, there is a high incidence of noncooperation with the remaining investigations, the reasons for which are not established by the current study.

IRCS: Valuing Ethics at the Expense of Inventory

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Long ◽  
Lasse Mertins ◽  
DeWayne L. Searcy
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Team Player ◽  
Debt Covenant ◽  
Debt Covenant Violation ◽  
Code Of Professional Conduct

ABSTRACT: Lisa Martin, the newly promoted controller at International Retail Computer Solutions (IRCS), faces an ethical dilemma. According to her calculations, the company should record a substantial inventory impairment loss. However, top management at IRCS is concerned that Martin's proposed inventory impairment adjustment will place the company in violation of an important debt covenant, which would allow the bank to call IRCS's $10 million note. Should Martin insist on keeping her original inventory impairment adjustment? Or should she be a team player and revise the adjustment downward to prevent a debt covenant violation? As students respond to the case questions, they are exposed to a realistic scenario requiring them to think critically about the underlying accounting issues and to consider the ethical implications of Martin's actions. In addition, the case requires them to apply an ethical framework (the AICPA's Code of Professional Conduct) to determine the ethical course of action.

scholarly journals ierarchical Difference In Auditors Perceptions Of Lowballing: A Study Of Current Attitudes

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Presha E. Neidermeyer ◽  
Tracy L. Tuten ◽  
Adolph A. Neidermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Certified Public Accountants ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Code Of Professional Conduct ◽  
Independence In Appearance

<span>Auditors are in the business of providing to their clients the value of their attestation services for financial reporting. Auditors (and other accountants) have a strict Code of Professional Conduct which is enforced by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). According to this Code of Professional Conduct (AICPA 1988), the AICPA sets forth the requirement that all auditors comply with generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) in all audit engagements. These rules are a necessary part of the audit process helping to ensure a quality result for the stakeholders of the organization. Lowballing, the practice of bidding under or at cost for an audit in order to attract new clients, may violate the independence in appearance clause of the Code of Professional Conduct. Researchers and regulatory authorities appear to differ on their treatment of this issue. Differences in option (AICPA 1978 compared to DeAngelo 1981) appear to center around the interpretation of independence in the Code of Professional Conduct. This study evaluates current attitudes towards lowballing for all levels of professional auditors within four public accounting firms and specifically addresses the question of whether lowballing is a violation of the impendence in appearance section of the Code. The study also questions auditors as to their beliefs about the Code of Professional Conducts potential for change to accommodate the practice of lowballing.</span>

Socially Responsible Practice: The Battle to Reshape the American Institute of Planners

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Manning Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
Code Of Professional Conduct

This article explores how events of a particular era, 1959–1974, contributed to the reshaping of ideas about planners’ social responsibilities. It describes encounters between Planners for Equal Opportunity and American Institute of Planners (AIP) relating to the need for planners to help protect the disadvantaged and to counter racial or economic oppression in professional practice. It suggests that the years from 1959, when AIP issued a slight revision of its code of professional conduct, to 1974, when it developed a proposal for dispersed advocacy planning, were the setting for major changes in understanding about the need for social justice in planning practice.

“Some people claim there’s a woman to blame”

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan T. Fluharty-Jaidee ◽  
Theresa DiPonio-Hilliard ◽  
Presha Neidermeyer ◽  
Mackenzie Festa
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Certified Public Accountants ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Code Of Professional Conduct

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate gender-based punishment bias in the type and severity of punishments imposed on a male-dominated profession using the accounting profession as a proxy. Design/methodology/approach Data were hand-collected from the population of certified public accountants disciplined for violations of the Code of Professional Conduct. Disciplinary actions were obtained from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountant’s website. A total of 404 observations were obtained for the study over a five-year period from January 2009 through June 2015, comprising the population of the captured infractions committed during this time frame. Findings Women are punished more harshly than men for equivalent infractions; the disparity in punishment between women and men increases with the severity of the infraction. Originality/value This paper answers the call by Wren (2006) for an increased examination of workplace punishment’s relationship to gender using real-world scenarios and data. This study provides empirical evidence of the gender-based punishment bias, which calls into question the neutrality of workplace punishment as executed by a male-dominated profession.

scholarly journals Cryptocurrencies for the Payment of Products or Services: Risks, Accounting Practices and Regulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
David Allen ◽  
James Aselta ◽  
Russell Engel
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Subject

This paper examines the risks, accounting practices and disclosures of companies who accept cryptocurrency for the payment of products or services. We provide a brief history of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology that allows the reader to deepen their understanding of the subject before moving on to a discussion of how regulatory bodies such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) are treating the accounting for cryptocurrency transactions. 

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