El estado de bienestar y la crisis financiera internacional

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Andrés Escalante

La crisis financiera internacional que originó la actual contracción de la actividad económica mundial--que por su magnitud y tiempo ha sido bautizada por historiadores económicos como la Gran Recesión--empezó en los Estados Unidos en la década pasada con la explosión de la burbuja inmobiliaria, que consecuentemente le puso el fin al boom del sector vivienda; precipitó el colapso de instituciones públicas y privadas, como Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae y Lehman Brothers en 2008; hizo del otorgamiento de créditos hipotecarios una actividad financiera disfuncional; y generó cuantiosas pérdidas de riqueza, de las que todavía no nos recuperamos.

Author(s):  
Magdalena Markiewicz

During the financial crisis in 2007–2009 banks all around the world suffered liquidity problems and were a subject to a system stability testing. The problems of large financial institutions, such as Bear Sterns, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, drew attention to the issue of financial liquidity more than ever in 2007. After the collapse of Lehman Brothers a question was raised about the stability and system security of the largest institutions in the financial system. Credit institutions recognised as systemically important, are distinguished by the enormous size of assets, which creates the risk of being too big to fail or too important to fail. The extent of links with other institutions on the market through various market segments makes them also too connected to fail.


2020 ◽  
pp. 265-298
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Wilmarth Jr.

The Fed’s rescue of Bear Stearns and the Treasury Department’s nationalization of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in 2008 provoked widespread criticism. Consequently, the Fed and Treasury were very reluctant to approve further bailouts, and they allowed Lehman Brothers to fail in September 2008. Lehman’s collapse triggered a global panic and a meltdown of financial markets around the world. The Fed and Treasury quickly arranged a bailout of AIG, and Congress approved a $700 billion financial rescue bill. Treasury established the Troubled Asset Relief Program, which injected capital into large universal banks, while the Fed provided trillions of dollars of emergency loans and the FDIC established new guarantee programs for bank debts and deposits. In February 2009, federal regulators pledged to provide any further capital that the nineteen largest U.S. banks needed to survive, thereby cementing the “too big to fail” status of U.S. megabanks. The U.K. and other European nations arranged similar bailouts for their universal banks. Meanwhile, thousands of small banks and small businesses failed, millions of people lost their jobs, and millions of families lost their homes during the Great Recession.


2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Jacobs ◽  
Desmond King

The American economy and financial system is experiencing upheaval on a scale not seen since the Great Depression of the 1930s. A number of the largest and most established banks and investment firms have declared bankruptcy (including Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers) or been taken over at fire-sale rates (as was the case, for example, with Merrill Lynch). In the fall of 2008, Congress and the U.S. Treasury along with the Federal Reserve Bank committed more than eight trillion dollars in payments, loans, and guarantees of various sorts to prop up financial institutions (including the semi-governmental mortgage entities, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) as well as the country's largest insurer, American International Group (AIG). The speed, number, and scope of these interventions lack historical precedent.


Author(s):  
W. Scott Frame ◽  
Andreas Fuster ◽  
Joseph Tracy ◽  
James Ian Vickery
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