scholarly journals Sądy społeczne w systemie wymiaru sprawiedliwości Niemieckiej Republiki Demokratycznej

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Malicka
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
German Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
State Power ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Socialist System ◽  
Direct Participation

Social courts in the German Democratic Republic, as constitutional judicial organs, guaranteed the direct participation of citizens in the exercise of state power. They played an important role in the judicial system and in fact became the courts of the lowest instance. They settled disputes in the field of labour and civil law and adjudicated in cases of violations of criminal law. In retrospect, they can be assessed as a special type of court typical of the socialist system, the decisions of which were primarily of educational and preventive importance.

Italy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Ruck Keene ◽  
Montana Christian
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Courts Of Appeals ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Single State

Italy is a civil law country. There is a single, state-wide, judicial system, with a number of divisions. Jurisdiction in civil law matters can be divided into contentious, non-contentious, enforcement, and precautionary jurisdictions. The Supreme Court (Corte di Cassazione) is the third and final stage in most civil and criminal law matters. There are twenty-six Courts of Appeals, roughly one per Region. Tribunals, often being the first and lowest jurisdiction stage, are located in most cities within the areas of the Courts of Appeals.

Justice et utopie chez Thomas More

Moreana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (Number 193- (3-4) ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
Nicolas Tenaillon
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Divine Providence ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
The Future

As a renowned jurist first and then as a top politician, Thomas More has never given up researching about a judicial system where all the fields of justice would be harmonized around a comprehensive logic. From criminal law to divine providence, Utopia, despite its eccentricities, proposes a coherent model of Christian-inspired collective living, based on a concern for social justice, something that was terribly neglected during the early 16th century English monarchy. Not only did History prove many of More’s intuitions right, but above all, it gave legitimacy to the utopian genre in its task of imagining the future progress of human justice and of contributing to its coming.

Vier Arten von Römern unter den Franken im 6. bis 8. Jh.

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-468
Author(s):  
Detlef Liebs
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Law Texts ◽  
Fourth Kind

Abstract Four kinds of Romans in the Frankish kingdoms in the 6th to 8th centuries. Roman law texts from Merowingian Gaul make a difference between cives Romani, Latini and dediticii, all considered as Romans. This difference mattered only to slaves who had been freed. The status of Latin and dediticius was hereditary, whereas the descendants of one who had been freed as civis Romanus were free born Romans, who should be classified as a proper, a fourth kind of beeing Roman; it was the standard kind. The difference was important in civil law, procedural law and criminal law, especially in wergeld, the sum to be payed for expiation when somebody had been killed: Who had killed a Roman, had to pay different sums according to the status of the killed.

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