Thinking Like a State: Policing Dangerous Thought in Imperial Japan, 1900–1945

This article explores the changing ways the Japanese police understood and policed radical politics between 1900 and 1945. Specifically, it traces the process in which the objective of policing transformed from an emphasis on political organizations, their activities, publications, and assemblies in the 1900s to the policing of individuals ostensibly harboring “dangerous ideas” that were deemed threatening to state and capital—what the police came to categorize as “thought crime” by the late 1920s. Once “thought” was identified as an object for policing, Japanese police agencies began to practice a kind of intellectual history—thinking like a state—to distinguish dangerous thought and to understand its origin and its spread during the socioeconomic turbulence of the interwar period. Drawing on Jacques Rancière’s theory of police, this article explores how police manuals and other publications categorized certain ideas, texts, enunciations, and slogans and distributed them based on the presumed degree of danger they posed to the imperial polity. It reveals how the expanded classifications and distributions of dangerous thought transformed policing in the 1920s, thereby extending imperial state power into various aspects of social life in interwar Japan.

Sądy społeczne w systemie wymiaru sprawiedliwości Niemieckiej Republiki Demokratycznej

Social courts in the German Democratic Republic, as constitutional judicial organs, guaranteed the direct participation of citizens in the exercise of state power. They played an important role in the judicial system and in fact became the courts of the lowest instance. They settled disputes in the field of labour and civil law and adjudicated in cases of violations of criminal law. In retrospect, they can be assessed as a special type of court typical of the socialist system, the decisions of which were primarily of educational and preventive importance.

CORRUPTION AS A FORM OF UNPROFESSIONALISM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SPECIALISTS (review of foreign literature)

The article presents an overview of foreign literature reflecting the problem of unprofessional behavior of civil servants manifested through corrupt actions. The essence of public administration at the ideological and institutional level is analyzed, the main causes of corruption of civil servants are determined. It is concluded that corruption not only negatively affects the image of state power, but also serves as a barrier to the implementation of the goals and objectives of public administration aimed at meeting the needs of society.

Law of Ukraine «On Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine»: declaration of rights and their further implementation»

Keywords: Indigenous peoples, Crimean Tatars, Karaites, Krymchaks, Gagauzpeople, representation, legal status, self-determination, language, culture, traditions,people, identity The article analyses indetail the legal status and certain types of rights as signed to indigenous peoples ofUkraine under the recently adopted Law of Ukraine «On Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine». The criteria of belonging of separate communities to the indigenous peoplesof Ukraine, features of realization by these peoples of their collective rights, and alsorealization by separate representatives of indigenous peoples of their individualrights in the corresponding spheres are defined. The study also defines the characteristicsof the indigenous people, which distinguish this concept from other related concepts,in particular, the concept of national minority. Also, the article, based on theaforementioned Law, determines why only the indigenous peoples of Crimea:Crimean Tatars, Karaites and Krymchaks can be recognized as indigenous peoples ofUkraine, in contrast to the Gagauz people, who currently in Ukraine’s Odessa region.The study also highlights the peculiarities of the representation of indigenous peoplesof Ukraine at the local, national and international levels. A detailed interpretation ofthe provisions of the Law clarifies its role and significance, as well as prospects for theimplementation of its provisions in the future. The specifics of the representation ofindigenous peoples in Ukraine have been studied, in particular through the functioningof separate representative bodies of indigenous peoples, as well as the representationof the aforementioned communities within public authorities and local governments.The process and peculiarities of interaction of the representative bodies of theindigenous peoples of Ukraine with the bodies of state power and local self-governmentin Ukraine are analysed, along with the specifics of the legal status of such bodiesof the indigenous peoples. The publication proves the need for further the legislativeprocess to implement the requirements of the law, as well as the development ofdetailed and transparent mechanisms for such implementation.

CATEGORIES OF LITIGATION IN CASES OF PROTECTING THE ELECTORAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article examines the main types of electoral disputes considered by Russian courts in recent years.Illustrated by examples of court disputes on appealing decisions of election commissions on registration orrefusal to register candidates for elections of deputies of legislative (representative) government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies, senior officials of the constituententities of the Russian Federation (heads of the supreme executive body of state power of the constituententity of the Russian Federation), appeal against the registration of candidates (electoral associations) inconnection with violations committed during the campaign, as well as violations during voting and theestablishment of the results and results of elections. Based on the analysis of the established judicial practice,some amendments to the electoral legislation have been proposed