scholarly journals The research of the probabilistic characteristics of exhaust emissions from vehicle engines

2011 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Zdzisław CHŁOPEK
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Skewness Coefficient

The influence of the probability density of the average speed on the probability density of the specific road exhaust emissions has been analyzed in the paper. The characteristics of the exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines warmed up to normal operating temperature have been examined. The research has been carried out for characteristics of the exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines of passenger vehicles. The research has been carried out for two kinds of functions in the form courses of average speed: of constant and normal distribution. The Monte Carlo Method has been used in the research. The probability density of the specific road exhaust emissions has been estimated. The zero–dimensional characteristics: the median, the kurtosis and the skewness coefficient, have been examined. A significant regularity of the displacement of the probability density towards smaller values in relation to the average speed probability density has been ascertained.

Analysis of Properties of Adulterated Fuel and Its Effects on Internal Combustion Engines and the Environment: A Case Study Tema Metropolitan Assembly, Tema, Ghana

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Simons ◽  
E. K. Gbadam
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Research Octane Number ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Gum Content

This paper seeks to investigate the sources and the level of fuel contamination in the Ghanaian market and its effects on internal combustion engines and the environment. A survey was conducted in and around the Tema Metropolitan Assembly to collect samples of fuels from different retailers without letting them know the intentions of the buyer (that these are for research). Experiments were carried out at Tema Oil Refinery (TOR), Tema, Ghana, on the two conventional fuels collected from these sources. The analysis of the results showed that fuel from the fuel tank and “Zamelama” (small scale petrol retailers) filling station had the highest level of contamination as far as the experiment on petrol (gasoline) was concerned. With the diesel fuel experiment, most of the values obtained were high but within the standard range at the refinery. Information obtained from questionnaires given to fuel tanker drivers, mechanics and sales persons at various filling stations indicated that the adulteration is done using Naphtha and Kerosene. Consequently, other experiments were carried out at TOR using different proportions of Naphtha and Kerosene and the resultant properties as a result of the adulteration were analyzed. It was observed that the adulterated fuels have undesirable properties such as High Gum Content, low Research Octane Number (RON) and Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP) values which may lead to engine damage and pollution of the environment due to increased exhaust emissions. Considering the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that Petrol adulterated with Naphtha or Kerosene should not be used in Internal Combustion Engines. This is because of its undesirable properties such as higher Gum content, lower RON and RVP values which lead to engine damage and pollution of the environment due to increased exhaust emissions.

Current Regulations Impacting Exhaust Emissions From Stationary Internal Combustion Engines

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-378
Author(s):  
D. W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Bay Area

The San Francisco Bay Area is in a nonattainment area for both ozone and carbon monoxide. A significant amount of air pollution emanates from the combustion of fuels in stationary internal combustion engines. The NOx emissions output from stationary I.C. engines in the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) is around 14.2 Mg/day (15.6 tons / day). The contributions from other pollutant factors are not nearly as large; nonetheless, they are still noteworthy. BAAQMD has imposed New Source Review (NSR) requirements and Best Available Control Technology (BACT) levels for new stationary I.C. engines. The purpose of BACT is to achieve the lowest level of engine exhaust emissions using today’s proven control technology. The BACT level for NOx is presently set at 0.00056 mg/J (1.5 g/bhp-hr) or less for stationary I.C. engines. The BACT level for each of the other exhaust pollutants has not been set since they seldom require a BACT determination. In the event BACT is triggered, a case-by-case BACT evaluation will be performed. The placement of BACT and NSR standards on stationay I.C. engines has aided the BAAQMD in achieving better local air quality. More stringent standards may be imposed as long as the need for better air quality exists.

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