The Creation of a Conscious Machine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Tardy
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Software Implementation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Observable System ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Standard Techniques

The Meca Sapiens project follows a Top-down process to develop the conceptual foundations of synthetic consciousness. The Creation of a Conscious Machine corresponds to the Requirements and Specifications document of this process. It describes the extraordinary intellectual benefits to be gained from the implementation of conscious machines. It surveys historical attempts to define and implement machine intelligence and the insights they reveal. In particular, it examines the Turing Test is analyzed in detail through multiple variations and finds it to be both excessive and insufficient as a measure of machine intelligence. The text concludes by introducing a new understanding of consciousness as an observable system capability that can be expressed as specification objectives that are compatible with software implementation. This understanding is the basis for The Meca Sapiens Blueprint, a complete System Architecture to implement synthetic consciousness using conventional computers and standard techniques.

The Creation of a Conscious Machine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Tardy
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Software Implementation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Observable System ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Standard Techniques

The Meca Sapiens project follows a Top-down process to develop the conceptual foundations of synthetic consciousness. The Creation of a Conscious Machine corresponds to the Requirements and Specifications document of this process. It describes the extraordinary intellectual benefits to be gained from the implementation of conscious machines. It surveys historical attempts to define and implement machine intelligence and the insights they reveal. In particular, it examines the Turing Test is analyzed in detail through multiple variations and finds it to be both excessive and insufficient as a measure of machine intelligence. The text concludes by introducing a new understanding of consciousness as an observable system capability that can be expressed as specification objectives that are compatible with software implementation. This understanding is the basis for The Meca Sapiens Blueprint, a complete System Architecture to implement synthetic consciousness using conventional computers and standard techniques.

The Creation of a Conscious Machine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Tardy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

"The Creation of a Conscious Machine" surveys the millennial quest to create an intelligent artefact, concludes consciousness is the key to achieve this goal and proposes we adopt an understanding of synthetic consciousness that is suitable for machine implementation. The text describes how achieving Artificial Intelligence will yield extraordinary intellectual benefits and deep insights into the human condition. It examines past attempts, from ancient times until today, to define intelligence and implement it, drawing useful lessons from each. In particular, the Turing Test, the most influential measure of artificial intelligence, is the subject of an in depth analysis. Ultimately, the author also rejects the Turing Test, and the concept of a test itself, as an unsuitable measure of machine intelligence. Basing himself on this analysis, the author concludes that humans will only consider a machine to be truly intelligent if they also perceive it to be conscious. To realize the quest of Artificial Intelligence, it is necessary to implement consciousness. In turn, to achieve Synthetic Consciousness, we must discard the view that consciousness is a subjective experience in favour of a different understanding, deeply rooted in the Western tradition, that it is an externally observable capability. Using this "new" understanding, the author then proposes a definition of Synthetic Consciousness, expressed as specification objectives, that is suitable for software implementation. This makes it possible to build the first generation of synthetic conscious beings.

The Creation of a Conscious Machine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Tardy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

"The Creation of a Conscious Machine" surveys the millennial quest to create an intelligent artefact, concludes consciousness is the key to achieve this goal and proposes we adopt an understanding of synthetic consciousness that is suitable for machine implementation. The text describes how achieving Artificial Intelligence will yield extraordinary intellectual benefits and deep insights into the human condition. It examines past attempts, from ancient times until today, to define intelligence and implement it, drawing useful lessons from each. In particular, the Turing Test, the most influential measure of artificial intelligence, is the subject of an in depth analysis. Ultimately, the author also rejects the Turing Test, and the concept of a test itself, as an unsuitable measure of machine intelligence. Basing himself on this analysis, the author concludes that humans will only consider a machine to be truly intelligent if they also perceive it to be conscious. To realize the quest of Artificial Intelligence, it is necessary to implement consciousness. In turn, to achieve Synthetic Consciousness, we must discard the view that consciousness is a subjective experience in favour of a different understanding, deeply rooted in the Western tradition, that it is an externally observable capability. Using this "new" understanding, the author then proposes a definition of Synthetic Consciousness, expressed as specification objectives, that is suitable for software implementation. This makes it possible to build the first generation of synthetic conscious beings.

The Creation of a Conscious Machine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Tardy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

"The Creation of a Conscious Machine" surveys the millennial quest to create an intelligent artefact, concludes consciousness is the key to achieve this goal and proposes we adopt an understanding of Synthetic Consciousness that is suitable for machine implementation. The text describes how achieving Artificial Intelligence will yield extraordinary intellectual benefits and deep insights into the human condition. It examines past attempts, from ancient times until today, to define intelligence and implement it, drawing useful lessons from each. In particular, the Turing Test, the most influential measure of Artificial Intelligence, is the subject of an in depth analysis. Ultimately, the author also rejects the Turing Test, and the concept of a test itself, as an unsuitable measure of machine intelligence. Basing himself on this analysis, the author concludes that humans will only consider a machine to be truly intelligent if they also perceive it to be conscious. To realize the quest of Artificial Intelligence, it is necessary to implement consciousness. In turn, to achieve Synthetic Consciousness, we must discard the view that consciousness is a subjective experience in favor of a different understanding, deeply rooted in the Western tradition, that it is an externally observable capability. Using this "new" understanding, the author then proposes a definition of Synthetic Consciousness, expressed as specification objectives, that are suitable for software implementation. This makes it possible to build the first generation of synthetic conscious beings.

scholarly journals ChronoRoot: High-throughput phenotyping by deep segmentation networks reveals novel temporal parameters of plant root system architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gaggion ◽  
Federico Ariel ◽  
Vladimir Daric ◽  
Éric Lambert ◽  
Simon Legendre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Root System ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
3D Printed

ABSTRACTDeep learning methods have outperformed previous techniques in most computer vision tasks, including image-based plant phenotyping. However, massive data collection of root traits and the development of associated artificial intelligence approaches have been hampered by the inaccessibility of the rhizosphere. Here we present ChronoRoot, a system which combines 3D printed open-hardware with deep segmentation networks for high temporal resolution phenotyping of plant roots in agarized medium. We developed a novel deep learning based root extraction method which leverages the latest advances in convolutional neural networks for image segmentation, and incorporates temporal consistency into the root system architecture reconstruction process. Automatic extraction of phenotypic parameters from sequences of images allowed a comprehensive characterization of the root system growth dynamics. Furthermore, novel time-associated parameters emerged from the analysis of spectral features derived from temporal signals. Altogether, our work shows that the combination of machine intelligence methods and a 3D-printed device expands the possibilities of root high-throughput phenotyping for genetics and natural variation studies as well as the screening of clock-related mutants, revealing novel root traits.

scholarly journals MODERN APPROACHES TO THE CREATION OF SELF-DETERMINING MACHINE INTELLIGENCE: THE PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Methodological Principle ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Philosophical Aspect ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Complicated Task

The article explores the philosophical aspect of the basic approaches to the creation of selfdetermining machine intelligence. The problem of understanding machine intelligence appears for modern philosophy as a complex and multidimensional task. One of the most controversial issues in this context is hypothetical future of self-determining machine intelligence. Very topical at the same time are various transhumanist ideas. These ideas express concern for a certain good, although in their specific understanding. It refers to the benefit for both the modern man and those who are considered as other forms of human being (transhumans, posthumans, etc.). In the course of mutual enrichment of concepts that denote different directions of computerization and transhumanism, something qualitatively new arises: the concept of self-determining machine intelligence in its modern form. However, a complete description and an adequate understanding of this type of intelligence is a super complicated task. In this case, it is required to create a common “metamodel”, which “promises” the achievement of the goal (ie, successful modeling). Such a “metamodel” should consistently generate relevant research problems for more specific studies. But at a certain stage it can turn out to be one of those “paradigms” that, as T. S. Kuhn wrote, stopped generating research problems and instead turned into the “tools” of engineering disciplines. Therefore, it should be noted that denying the importance of responding to possible threats at the level of a common “metamodel” can provide a precedent for non-response for any other “less hypothetical” danger. An adequate methodological principle for solving this problem is the precautionary principle. According to this principle, the scientific community and society must move towards one common goal. This means that it is necessary to eliminate fears of society about the dangerous prospects of scientific and technological growth, popularize scientific knowledge, overcome myths that non-specialists associate with science. It is necessary to create reserves to answer the permissible, and not only confidently predicted threats. These reserves are created not only in the course of scientific research, but also through the humanization of science and society, the humanization of the human mentality itself. Only on this basis the ability of society to respond adequately to crisis situations can be made.

scholarly journals Integrating Top-down and Bottom-up Cybersecurity Guidance using XML

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Software Implementation ◽  
Industrial Control System ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Unauthorized Access ◽  
Security Control

This paper describes a markup-based approach for synthesizing disparate information sources and discusses a software implementation of the approach. The implementation makes it easier for people to use two complementary, but differently structured, guidance specifications together: the (top-down) Cybersecurity Framework and the (bottom-up) National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-53 security control catalog. An example scenario demonstrates how the software implementation can help a security professional select the appropriate safeguards for restricting unauthorized access to an Industrial Control System. The implementation and example show the benefits of this approach and suggest its potential application to disciplines other than cybersecurity.

scholarly journals Deceptive Appearances: the Turing Test, Response-Dependence, and Intelligence as an Emotional Concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-532
Author(s):  
Michael Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Actual World ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Test Response ◽  
Response Dependence ◽  
Turing's Test

AbstractThe Turing Test is routinely understood as a behaviourist test for machine intelligence. Diane Proudfoot (Rethinking Turing’s Test, Journal of Philosophy, 2013) has argued for an alternative interpretation. According to Proudfoot, Turing’s claim that intelligence is what he calls ‘an emotional concept’ indicates that he conceived of intelligence in response-dependence terms. As she puts it: ‘Turing’s criterion for “thinking” is…: x is intelligent (or thinks) if in the actual world, in an unrestricted computer-imitates-human game, x appears intelligent to an average interrogator’. The role of the famous test is thus to provide the conditions in which to examine the average interrogator’s responses. I shall argue that Proudfoot’s analysis falls short. The philosophical literature contains two main models of response-dependence, what I shall call the transparency model and the reference-fixing model. Proudfoot resists the thought that Turing might have endorsed one of these models to the exclusion of the other. But the details of her own analysis indicate that she is, in fact, committed to the claim that Turing’s account of intelligence is grounded in a transparency model, rather than a reference-fixing one. By contrast, I shall argue that while Turing did indeed conceive of intelligence in response-dependence terms, his account is grounded in a reference-fixing model, rather than a transparency one. This is fortunate (for Turing), because, as an account of intelligence, the transparency model is arguably problematic in a way that the reference-fixing model isn’t.

Personal Autonomy as Institutional Form – Focus on Europe Against the Background of Article 27 of the ICCPR

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 157-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Suksi
Keyword(s):  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Organizational Form ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Institutional Form ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Membership Associations

AbstractFor an attempt to establish an institutional content for personal autonomy, it is submitted that the reference to ‘community’ in Article 27 of the CCPR implies a certain form of organization. Persons who belong to minorities shall have the complete freedom to organize themselves in associations of various kinds in order to pursue common aims. The notion of ‘association’ includes, on the top of regular membership associations, a broader spectrum of private law entities, but the main point is that there shall be a freedom for a minority in the creation of non-governmental organizations, leading to personal autonomy as an organizational form. It is hence not necessarily so that all forms of autonomy are created on the basis of special legislation, endowing the autonomous character for the minority institution from top-down. A bottom-up creation of minority institutions can actually involve a right to personal autonomy.

Licensing and the Creation of Product Innovations: The Role of Bottom Up and Top Down Attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 15922
Author(s):  
Thomas Klueter ◽  
Felipe Monteiro ◽  
Denise R. Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
The Creation
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