Models of Instructional Design in Gamification: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Gamification allows for the implementation of experiences that simulate the design of (video) games, giving individuals the opportunity to be the protagonists in them. Its inclusion in the educational environment responds to the need to adapt teaching–learning processes to the characteristics of homo videoludens, placing value once again on the role of playful action in the personal development of individuals. The interest that has arisen in studying the implications of gamification processes in the different educational stages, in order to determine their impact and suitability, has led to an increase in scientific publications. With the intention of studying the presence and implications of gamification in teacher training as a methodological principle implemented in the teaching–learning process, both in its initial and permanent stages, this systematic review of the literature identifies those instructional design models applied in the field of gamification, as well as its educational significance. Thus, the need to introduce gamified practices in the field of teacher training is observed, providing an experiential learning that allows teachers to apply this methodology in a relevant way in their professional development, based on their own experience.

Adenovirus Biology, Recombinant Adenovirus, and Adenovirus Usage in Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is currently in the public spotlight. Several gene therapy products, including oncolytic virus (OV), which predominantly replicates in and kills cancer cells, and COVID-19 vaccines have recently been commercialized. Recombinant adenoviruses, including replication-defective adenoviral vector and conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA; oncolytic adenovirus), have been extensively studied and used in clinical trials for cancer and vaccines. Here, we review the biology of wild-type adenoviruses, the methodological principle for constructing recombinant adenoviruses, therapeutic applications of recombinant adenoviruses, and new technologies in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based regenerative medicine. Moreover, this article describes the technology platform for efficient construction of diverse “CRAs that can specifically target tumors with multiple factors” (m-CRAs). This technology allows for modification of four parts in the adenoviral E1 region and the subsequent insertion of a therapeutic gene and promoter to enhance cancer-specific viral replication (i.e., safety) as well as therapeutic effects. The screening study using the m-CRA technology successfully identified survivin-responsive m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) as among the best m-CRAs, and clinical trials of Surv.m-CRA are underway for patients with cancer. This article also describes new recombinant adenovirus-based technologies for solving issues in PSC-based regenerative medicine.

Interdisciplinary approach to language

The article deals with the phenomenon of interdisciplinarity regarded as one of the main methodological principles of modern linguistics. Under discussion are the problems of the anthropocentric paradigm which at present takes a dominant place among other scientific paradigms. The relationships between interdisciplinarity and other methodological principles such as anthropocentrism, functionalism and explanatorism have been analyzed. The levels of interdisciplinarity as polydisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity have been highlighted. The assumption that some notions, such as discourse, concept, linguocultureme, foregrounding are interdisciplinary by nature, and can not be discussed within the framework of one discipline, is put forward. From the position of interdisciplinarity the scientific status of such disciplines as stylistics and cognitive linguistics has been discussed. One of the conclusions is that the interdisciplinary synthesis of Stylistics is determined by its internal links with all the language aspects (phonological stylistics, stylistic grammar, lexical stylistics, stylistic phraseology, stylistics of word-formation), and external correlations of Stylistics with the disciplines of the anthropocentric paradigm. As for the interdisciplinary status of Cognitive Linguistics, it is characterized by two tendencies: 1) correlations with both humanitarian sciences (Philosophy of language, Sociolinguistics, Linguoculturology), natural sciences (Psycholinguistics, Neurolinguistics), exact and technical sciences (Mathematical Linguistics, Computer Linguistics); 2) interpenetration of many notions and methods of analysis of Cognitive Linguistics and other sciences. The main conclusions of the research are the assumptions about: a) interdisciplinarity as a basic methodological principle of modern linguistics; b) a variety of forms, types and levels of interdisciplinarity; c) the interdisciplinary status of all the anthropocentric trends of modern linguistics; d) the peculiar features of interdisciplinarity in Stylistics and Cognitive Linguistics; e) the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of many notions of modern linguistics.

The Instuments for the Development of Universal Logical Skills of Analysis and the Culture of the Transmission of These Skills in the Process of Professional Training of Mathimatics Teachers

General logical universal learning activities (analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) in studies of the theory of development of universal learning activities are often represented by generalized formulations such as «text analysis», «analysis of the formulation of a theorem», «synthesis of information», etc. This approach does not allow to evaluate the level of complexity of a cognitive action, to determine its specificity, and to distinguish the levels of possession of this cognitive action. The article deals with the approach to forming the general logical action of analysis, which is based on the concept of funding, developed by E.I. Smirnov, V.D. Shadrikov. The methodological principle of the research is associated with various aspects of the system-activity and competence-based approaches to the organization of teaching students of pedagogical specialties. The aim of the article is to develop an approach to the design of teaching tools aimed at the formation of the general logical action of analysis. Results. The article describes the preparatory stage of the implementation of the concept of funding general logical cognitive actions in the training of students of pedagogical direction. The approach to the level differentiation of cognitive action of analysis is proposed. The types of analysis and their manifestations in mathematical and socio-humanitarian disciplines are considered. In conclusion, the necessity of differentiating the analysis in the organization of funding of this action is justified.

Digital platforms in the modern world: Specifics and prospects

Subject. The article considers the use of digital platforms and ecosystems, the analysis of their nature from the standpoint of marketing and its functions transformation. Objectives. We investigate possibilities of designing platforms and ecosystems based on existing information products as applied to the branches of the information economy. Methods. The study draws on the systems approach as a general methodological principle for solving interrelated modeling problems. Results. Despite the established opinion that external platforms are more competitive due to the increased network effect and openness, internal digital platforms (implemented within individual companies) and ecosystems they generate can become a significant factor for successful functioning of small and medium-sized businesses. At the same time, a design, where an industry ecosystem is formed on the basis of a leading platform, can successfully exist. The paper presents examples of such solutions for Russian information companies. Conclusions. Building a platform on the basis of a dedicated core in the form of existing information product, with the interests of its owner coinciding with the challenges of the relevant market, ensures long-term competitiveness of platform solutions in various formats of specific architecture.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MODERNIST NOVEL

This book is intended as an introduction to the modernist novel, primarily for the students and scholars of the English language and literature. Four major novelists – Joseph Conrad, D. H. Lawrence, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf – have been chosen to exemplify the stylistic features, aesthetic preoccupations and thematic concerns of the works of fiction written in English in the early decades of the twentieth century. The methodological principle used in this study is multilevel. First, these four authors are analysed by referring to their essays, philosophical treatises, prefaces to their novels and other nonfictional works where they define their poetics and their artistic goals in their own terms. After this, since form is such a major concern of the modernist novel, formal innovations and narrative strategies of each of these authors are discussed at some length. Finally, a single novel is chosen to represent each author, and it is analysed in detail. Heart of Darkness, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Mrs Dalloway are widely recognized within the oeuvre of these novelists as some of their greatest artistic achievements. Lawrence’s novella St Mawr is a lesser-known work; however, I would argue that F. R. Leavis’s praise of this short piece as “an astonishing work of genius” still stands. The same as with the other three novels, its inclusion in the study is justified by the valuable insights it provides about the characteristics of modernist fiction and modernist art in general.

TEACHING CHEMICAL DISCIPLINES AT AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY: EXPERIENCE OF DIGITALIZATION

Проведен теоретический анализ понятийного аппарата, связанного с цифровизацией образовательной деятельности. Выделены цели и задачи химической подготовки, для решения которых необходима цифровизация. Рассмотрены способы включения цифровых технологий в образовательный процесс по химическим дисциплинам в аграрном вузе. Показано, что использование цифровизации как методологического принципа, а также как средства обучения при изучении химических дисциплин, является условием, позволяющим сформировать химическую компетентность специалиста-агрария в соответствии с требованиями современности. The theoretical analysis of the conceptual apparatus associated with the digitalization of educational activities is carried out. The goals and objectives of chemical training are highlighted, for the solution of which digitalization is necessary. The ways of including digital technologies in the educational process in chemical disciplines at an agricultural university are considered. It is shown that the use of digitalization as a methodological principle, as well as a means of education, in the study of chemical disciplines, is a condition that makes it possible to form the chemical competence of a specialist-agrarian in accordance with the requirements of the present.

Nikolay Karazin’s Graphic Series for the Amu Darya and Samara Expeditions of 1874 and 1879

The article examines the drawings and watercolors by the artist Nikolay Nikolayevich Karazin (1842—1908), based on the materials of the Amu Darya and Samara expeditions of 1874 and 1879. The paper aims at reviewing the graphic series “Amu Darya Scientific Expedition”, published in the magazine “Niva” in 1874—1875, and a series of watercolor portraits made during the Samara expedition, in comparison with the pencil portraits by Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin (1842—1904) in the album of photographs “Russian Turkestan”, published in 1874. This collection of artworks has not previously been the subject of a special art history study. Their examination introduces into the field of specialists’ view a significant stage of Nikolay Karazin’s creative path. The relevance of the article, in view of the investigations of recent years, lies in the representation of the image of an artist-traveler, a draftsman during expeditions in the second half of the 19th century.The study of the first series is based on the nature and national types of the Amu Darya delta. The analysis of individual examples of journal graphics is accompanied by a description of some of the author’s simultaneous graphic originals, as well as works of other artists interested in Central Asian ethnography. The article uses a comparative methodological principle, with the analysis of fragments of N.N. Karazin’s literary works — travel essays with a pronounced ethnographic component.The artist’s series of watercolors based on the Samara expedition also presents several images of the ethnotypes of Russian Turkestan, a region of Central Asia in its western part. As a result, there are identified the similarities and differences in the artistic methods and manners, as well as the conditions of creative work, of the two artists — Nikolay Karazin and Vasily Vereshchagin. The analysis is carried out using a comparative method and a socio-historical background.The Amu Darya and Samara graphic cycles represent N.N. Karazin as a mature creator who intuitively used the means of the approaching new time and modern style. At the same time, he did not leave the boundaries of the literary and artistic genre “voyage pittoresque”, overall successfully combining realistic tendencies with the vision of a romantic.

“Do not deem the measures taken as violence...”: public charity and governance in Transbaikal during the political regime of the ataman G. Semenov

The object of this research is the regional charity and its transformation after February 1917, while the subject is the public charity in Transbaikal during the Civil War and political regime of the ataman G. Semenov. The research relies on the archival sources and periodical press materials. Using the systematic methodological principle, the topic is viewed in strong correlation with the events that unfolded in the society, taking into account structural, genetic, and functional relationships. The article is divided into parts, each of which reflects one of the facets of the articulated problem: disastrous fall in living standards of the population, household difficulties and psychological state peculiarities; crisis of the system of state care and collapse of the imperial system of organized public charity; public initiatives in the sphere of charity (forms, main recipients); “techniques” for encouraging charity used by the administration of the ataman G. Semenov. The conclusion is made that charitable activity overall during the political regime of the ataman G. Semenov retained. This was important, particularly in the conditions of declining living standards and growing number of destitute people, given that the circle of those eligible for receiving welfare has reduced, including for ideological reasons. The main recipients of public charity remained the orphans. Charity events for the own benefit, conducted by the educational institutions and ethnic diasporas, became a noticeable trend. The charity evenings for supporting the military, which in the early going appeared to be unregulated by Semenov’s administration, were prohibited. The authorities, interested in retaining public charity, often resorted to coercive measures fort its stimulation, including threats to habitual activity of the residents. The population was actively forced to donate for the army. The article reveals the methods of psychological pressure and coercion applied to population for participating in charity activities.

Implications of Local Friendliness Violation for Quantum Causality

We provide a new formulation of the Local Friendliness no-go theorem of Bong et al. [Nat. Phys. 16, 1199 (2020)] from fundamental causal principles, providing another perspective on how it puts strictly stronger bounds on quantum reality than Bell’s theorem. In particular, quantum causal models have been proposed as a way to maintain a peaceful coexistence between quantum mechanics and relativistic causality while respecting Leibniz’s methodological principle. This works for Bell’s theorem but does not work for the Local Friendliness no-go theorem, which considers an extended Wigner’s Friend scenario. More radical conceptual renewal is required; we suggest that cleaving to Leibniz’s principle requires extending relativity to events themselves.