scholarly journals Influence of wine components on pellicle formation by pellicle-forming yeasts

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-375
Author(s):  
Fumie Watanabe-Saito ◽  
Youji Nakagawa ◽  
Munekazu Kishimoto ◽  
Masashi Hisamoto ◽  
Tohru Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Muscat Bailey A ◽  
Grape Cultivars

This study aimed to clarify differences in susceptibility to red wine pellicle formation by pellicle-forming yeasts between two wine grape cultivars and to investigate wine components affecting pellicle formation. Twenty wines each of Muscat Bailey A (MBA) and Merlot (MR), the major grape cultivars of Japanese red wine, were used. Pellicle formation occurred more often in MBA wines than in MR wines, and almost all MBA wine surfaces were covered with pellicle after incubation for five days. Principal component analysis revealed the relationships between pellicle formation and the concentrations of ethanol, phenolics and tannins. The mean concentration of tannins in the pellicle MR wines (436 mg/L) was significantly lower than that in the non-pellicle MR wines (660 mg/L). Furthermore, the mean concentration of tannins in MBA wines (139 mg/L) was also significantly lower than that in MR wines (570 mg/L). Wine grape cultivar having a low concentration of tannins may be highly susceptible to pellicle formation by pellicle-forming yeasts during winemaking.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compound Profiles in Berry Skins from Nine Red Wine Grape Cultivars in Northwest China

Molecules ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 4922-4935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan-Min Jin ◽  
Jian-Jun He ◽  
He-Qiong Bi ◽  
Xiang-Yun Cui ◽  
Chang-Qing Duan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Berry Skins ◽  
Grape Cultivars

scholarly journals Comparison of the anthocyanins composition of five wine-making grape cultivars cultivated in the Wujiaqu area of Xinjiang, China

OENO One ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Zhen-Zhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Acylated Anthocyanins ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Anthocyanins biosynthesis are essentially determined by grape cultivar genotype. However, specific environmental and vine management conditions could alter the accumulation of anthocyanins. This study selected five wine-making grape cultivars cultivated in the Wujiaqu area of the Xinjiang region of China to investigate the profiles of anthocyanins. Results showed that a total of 15 anthocyanins were identified. Marselan contained 15 anthocyanins, whereas only 14 anthocyanins were present in Cabernet-Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc. Syrah and Petit Verdot were found to only contain 13 anthocyanins. Cabernet-Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc appeared to show the highest and lowest levels of the total anthocyanins, respectively. Cabernet-Sauvignon possessed the highest levels of the total monomeric and acylated anthocyanins, respectively. Malvidin-3-O-glucoside and its acylated derivatives (malvidin-3-O-(6-O-acetyl)-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-(6-O-coumaryl)-glucoside) were the dominant anthocyanins in these grape cultivars. Principal component analysis revealed that the acylated anthocyanins were the major anthocyanins that differentiated these grape cultivars.

scholarly journals Concentrations, Distribution, Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Soils from Wuhan, Central China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ababo Tadesse ◽  
Tekleweini Gereslassie ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Tang ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Central China ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study aimed to determine the concentration levels, potential sources and ecological risks of eleven trace elements, namely Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Sb, Cd, Zn, Hg and Pb, in the soil from Huangpi district, Wuhan, Central China. Soil samples were collected from eighteen sites at soil depths of 1–10 and 10–20 cm and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer ICP-MS (Thermo X SERIES 2, Scientific and Innovative Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China). The recorded mean concentration of the elements were in a decreasing order of Fe > Co > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Sb > Zn > Hg. The mean concentration of trace elements, soil pH and total organic carbon (TOC) were higher at a soil depth of 1–10 cm. The obtained mean concentration of Cr, Co, As, Cd, Ni, Cu, Hg and Pb were above the soil background values of Wuhan and Hubei Province. The mean concentration values of Co, Ni and Cd, exceeded the recommended FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)/ISRIC (International Soil Reference and Information Centre) (2004) and WHO/FAO (2001) values. Pearson’s correlation analysis illustrated that there was a strong and significant correlation between trace elements, whereas, a weak positive and negative correlation between elements and soil properties (pH and TOC). The principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) result indicated that the concentration of trace elements in Huangpi soil were originated from anthropogenic sources. Potential ecological risk index (RI) of this study revealed that there is a high ecological risk of trace elements in the soil. Enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) of trace elements for this study indicated that the study area is strongly contaminated with Cd and Co. Generally, the finding of this research showed that Huangpi soil is contaminated.

Statistical patterns of carbonates and total organic carbon on soils of Tuber rufum and T. melanosporum (black truffle) brûlés

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. García-Montero ◽  
I. Valverde-Asenjo ◽  
P. Díaz ◽  
C. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Black Truffle ◽  
Total Carbonate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Hypothesis ◽  
Mean Concentration

The ascocarps of several truffle species, such as Tuber rufum, are harvested in T. melanosporum brûlés; these species reduce T. melanosporum production. Some authors argue that this competition might be due to the evolution of organic matter in the soil. However, soil conditions in brûlés have yet to be clarified, and most studies on T. melanosporum fail to supply statistical data. We propose a study of 40 soils to compare the values for total organic carbon (TOC), pH, and carbonates inside the brûlés with the values for the outer edges of the same brûlés, where T. rufum ascocarps are collected. A principal component analysis relates the soils from the inner brûlés with high active carbonate content and soils outside the brûlés with high TOC and total carbonate content. ANOVA analyses indicate that the mean concentration of active carbonate, total CO32–, and % active/total carbonate differ significantly depending on soil location, but there are no significant differences for pH and TOC. These results lead us to propose a new hypothesis: T. melanosporum mycelia may solubilise active carbonate (<50 μm) and the other carbonate fractions (>50 μm) inside the brûlés; however the environmental conditions of the brûlés could favour a secondary carbonate precipitation with a net increase in active carbonate. This increase would counterbalance carbonate losses from leaching, which would in turn favour T. melanosporum mycelia, suggesting a feedback process.

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