Statistical patterns of carbonates and total organic carbon on soils of Tuber rufum and T. melanosporum (black truffle) brûlés

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. García-Montero ◽  
I. Valverde-Asenjo ◽  
P. Díaz ◽  
C. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Black Truffle ◽  
Total Carbonate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Hypothesis ◽  
Mean Concentration

The ascocarps of several truffle species, such as Tuber rufum, are harvested in T. melanosporum brûlés; these species reduce T. melanosporum production. Some authors argue that this competition might be due to the evolution of organic matter in the soil. However, soil conditions in brûlés have yet to be clarified, and most studies on T. melanosporum fail to supply statistical data. We propose a study of 40 soils to compare the values for total organic carbon (TOC), pH, and carbonates inside the brûlés with the values for the outer edges of the same brûlés, where T. rufum ascocarps are collected. A principal component analysis relates the soils from the inner brûlés with high active carbonate content and soils outside the brûlés with high TOC and total carbonate content. ANOVA analyses indicate that the mean concentration of active carbonate, total CO32–, and % active/total carbonate differ significantly depending on soil location, but there are no significant differences for pH and TOC. These results lead us to propose a new hypothesis: T. melanosporum mycelia may solubilise active carbonate (<50 μm) and the other carbonate fractions (>50 μm) inside the brûlés; however the environmental conditions of the brûlés could favour a secondary carbonate precipitation with a net increase in active carbonate. This increase would counterbalance carbonate losses from leaching, which would in turn favour T. melanosporum mycelia, suggesting a feedback process.

scholarly journals EMISSÃO DE CO2, ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E CARBONO ORGÂNICO TOTAL EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE PREPARO DO SOLO

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Carla Da Penha Simon ◽  
Edney Leandro da Vitória ◽  
Elcio Das Graça Lacerda ◽  
Yago Soares Avancini ◽  
Tatiana Fiorotti Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Box Plot

Objetivou-se quantificar o CO2,atributos químicos e físicos do solo são influenciados por diferentes manejos de preparo do solo. O Delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo os tratamentos: Sistema de Plantio Direto (SPD), Cultivo Mínimo e Preparo Convencional (PC), e como referência: área de vegetação nativa (Mata), contando com seis repetições cada variável de estudo. Além da comparação por teste médias, foi realizada uma análise exploratória das leituras nos sistemas de preparo do solo, onde o CO2 foi traduzido graficamente num diagrama o box-plot. As variáveis avaliadas foram: CO2 obtido por meio de um analisador de gás infravermelho; os atributos físicos do solo: Densidade do solo (Ds), Volume Total de Poros (VTP), Macroporosidade (Ma), Microporosidade (Mi), Resistência a Penetração do solo (RPS) e o atributo químico: carbono orgânico total (COT). O fluxo CO2 do solo apresentou diferença significativa entre o SPD e o PC; valores médios encontrados para SPD, CM, Mata e PC foram 2,30; 2,25; 2,18; e 1,39 μmolCO2m−2 s−1, respectivamente; o COT apresentou seu maior valor na área de Mata (32,95 gkg-1) diferindo estatisticamente das demais áreas. Observou-se uma menor emissão de CO2 do solo no PC, pois o sistema apresenta baixo aporte de carbono orgânico.Palavras-chave: sistema de preparo convencional; cultivo mínimo; preparo convencional; carbono orgânico total. CO2 EMISSION, PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES AND TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON IN DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION SYSTEMS ABSTRACT: The objective was to quantify the CO2, chemical and physical attributes of the soil are influenced by different management of soil preparation. The experimental design was completely randomized, with the treatments: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT), and as reference:  native forest (NF), with six replicates each study variable. In addition to the mean test comparison, an exploratory analysis of the readings was performed in the soil preparation systems, where CO2 was graphically translated into a box-plot diagram. The variables evaluated were: CO2 obtained by means of a infrared gas analyzer; density (Bd), total pore volume (TPV), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), resistance to soil penetration (RSP) and chemical attribute: total organic carbon (TOC). The CO2 soil flux presented a significant difference between NT and CT; where respectively the mean values found for SPD, CM, Mata and PC were 2.30; 2.25; 2.18; and 1.39 μmolCO2m-2s-1; the COT had its highest value in the Mata area (32.95 gkg-1), differing statistically from the other areas. It was observed a lower CO2 emission of the soil in the PC, because the system has low input of organic carbon.Keywords: no-tillage; conventional tillage; minimum tillage; total organic carbon.

scholarly journals Influence of wine components on pellicle formation by pellicle-forming yeasts

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-375
Author(s):  
Fumie Watanabe-Saito ◽  
Youji Nakagawa ◽  
Munekazu Kishimoto ◽  
Masashi Hisamoto ◽  
Tohru Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Muscat Bailey A ◽  
Grape Cultivars

This study aimed to clarify differences in susceptibility to red wine pellicle formation by pellicle-forming yeasts between two wine grape cultivars and to investigate wine components affecting pellicle formation. Twenty wines each of Muscat Bailey A (MBA) and Merlot (MR), the major grape cultivars of Japanese red wine, were used. Pellicle formation occurred more often in MBA wines than in MR wines, and almost all MBA wine surfaces were covered with pellicle after incubation for five days. Principal component analysis revealed the relationships between pellicle formation and the concentrations of ethanol, phenolics and tannins. The mean concentration of tannins in the pellicle MR wines (436 mg/L) was significantly lower than that in the non-pellicle MR wines (660 mg/L). Furthermore, the mean concentration of tannins in MBA wines (139 mg/L) was also significantly lower than that in MR wines (570 mg/L). Wine grape cultivar having a low concentration of tannins may be highly susceptible to pellicle formation by pellicle-forming yeasts during winemaking.

scholarly journals Distribution Of Some Heavy Metals In Water,Sediment & Fish Cyprinus carpio in Euphrates River Near Al- Nassiriya City Center South Iraq .

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-560
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
City Center ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
The Mean ◽  
South Of Iraq

The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, pb, and Zn were determined in dissolved and particulate phases of the water,in addition to exchangeable and residual phases of the sediment and in the selected organs of the fish Cyprinus carpio collected from the Euphrates River near Al-Nassiriya city center south of Iraq during the summer period / 2009 .Also sediment texture and total organic carbon(TOC) were measured. Analysis emploing a flam Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers . The mean regional concentrations of the heavy metals in dissolved (µg/l) and particulate phases (µg/gm) dry weight were Cd (0.15,16.13) ,Cu (0.59,24.48) ,Fe (726,909.4) ,Pb (0.20, 49.95) and Zn (2.5,35.62) respectively,and those for exchangeable and residual phases of the Sediment were Cd (0.2,0.1) ,Cu (13.75,16.65) ,Fe (683 , 1351 ) ,Pb (10.1,1.07) and Zn (7.3,16.75)µg/gm dry weight respectively. The heavy metals concentrations in C. carpio organs followed the trend gill > liver > kidney> muscles . The mean concentration in the muscles were Cd (ND) , Cu (0.07) , Fe (4.7) , pb (0.06) and Zn (6.4) (µg/gm) dry weight . The statistical analysis proved a significant correlation between metal concentration in the sediment and total organic carbon, also a positive correlation was proved between its concentrations in the liver organ and the water (particulate phase) . In conclusion the trace metals concentration in particulate phase were higher than its concentration in the dissolved phase . The fish organs showed variations in the metals concentration and the muscle organs showed less concentration than the other organs .

scholarly journals Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals under Different Land-Use Types in Xuzhou City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Fang ◽  
Jihong Dong ◽  
Yingli An
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Xuzhou, as a mining city in China, has been experiencing 130 years of coal mining and processing. To explore the spatial distribution characteristics and pollution status of soil heavy metals (Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Zn, and Pb) under different land-use types, a total of 2697 topsoil samples were collected in all of the areas (except for water) of Xuzhou in 2016. Overall, the mean concentrations of Cr (70.266 mg/kg), Cd (0.141 mg/kg), As (10.375 mg/kg), Hg (0.036 mg/kg), Zn (64.788 mg/kg), and Pb (24.84 mg/kg) in Xuzhou soils were lower than the environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995). However, the mean concentrations of Cr, Hg, and Pb exceeded their corresponding background values, with the mean concentration of Hg being almost three times its background value. For different land-use types, the highest mean concentration of Cr was concentrated in grassland soils. The mean concentrations of Cd, As, Zn, and Pb in mining area soils were higher than those in the other soils. The mean concentration of Hg was the highest in the built-up area soils. Based on the potential ecological risk assessment, the forestland, garden land, grassland, and others were at low and moderate risk levels, the farmland and mining area were at low, moderate, and high risk levels, and the built-up area was at various risk levels in Xuzhou. There was a significant positive correlation between Cr, Pb, and Hg concentrations and the corresponding organic carbon contents in the farmland, built-up area, garden land, forestland, and other soils ( p < 0.01 ). A high degree of correlation was found between Cr and Hg concentrations, as well as organic carbon contents in grassland soils, with values of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 , respectively. An obvious correlation could be seen between Hg concentrations and organic carbon contents in mining area soils ( p < 0.01 ).

scholarly journals Short-Term Changes in Fertility Attributes and Soil Organic Matter Caused by the Addition of EM Bokashis in Two Tropical Soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Pacheco Lima ◽  
Mariana Rodrigues Fontenelle ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues Borba Silva ◽  
Daiane Costa Soares ◽  
Antônio Williams Moita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The present work aimed to evaluate the behavior of ten fertility attributes of soil organic matter physical fractions and total organic carbon upon addition of three EM Bokashis to a Rhodic Ferralsol (FRr) and a Dystric Cambisol (CMd). An experiment was carried out in greenhouse in which the soils were placed into plastic trays and cultivated with tomato. A completely randomized design was used with four repetitions and factorial scheme of 2 × 3 + 2, consisting of two soils (FRr and CMd), three EM Bokashis (Poultry Manure Bokashi (BPM); CNPH Bokashi (BC); and Cattle Manure Bokashi (BCM)), and two controls (both soils without addition of Bokashi). The following fertility attributes were evaluated: pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, P, SB, H + Al, CEC, andV. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) and total organic carbon (TOC) were also investigated. Finally, the Principal Component Analysis was conducted in order to identify possible patterns related to soils when fertilized with EM Bokashi. The addition of EM Bokashi increased the soil fertility and contents of POC. Different EM Bokashi presents distinguished effects on each soil. The PCA suggests that BPM presents higher capacity to modify the analyzed chemical attributes.

Effects of catchment characteristics and disturbances on storage and export of dissolved organic carbon in a boreal headwater stream

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1447-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham R Hillman ◽  
Joseph C Feng ◽  
Cecilia C Feng ◽  
Yonghe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Flood Wave ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Beaver Dam ◽  
Debris Dams ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The transportation of large amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) down a stream within a 15.51-km2 catchment in Alberta, Canada, related directly to events, such as high rainfall and beaver (Castor canadensis) dam failures, that created major disturbances. A 2.3-km section of the stream was drastically altered in June 1994 when a flood wave resulting from a breached beaver dam deposited large amounts of debris and sediment within the section. Results from stream DOC-storage analyses, in which a difference method was used, suggest that the organic-debris dams created by the failed dam event served as both sources and sinks for DOC. Discharge and DOC measurements at hydrometric stations located at intervals along the stream indicated that storage of DOC on the catchment was strongly influenced by the presence of wetlands and beaver. In 1994 and 1995, disturbances occurring during periods totalling 17 days and 28 days accounted for 94% (1374 kg·km–2) and 84% (204 kg·km–2), respectively, of the amount of DOC exported from the catchment. DOC concentrations in the stream were greatest (77.0 mg·L–1) near the top of the catchment and decreased progressively downstream to the catchment outlet, where the mean concentration was 23.3 mg·L–1.

scholarly journals Concentrations, Distribution, Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Soils from Wuhan, Central China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ababo Tadesse ◽  
Tekleweini Gereslassie ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Tang ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Central China ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study aimed to determine the concentration levels, potential sources and ecological risks of eleven trace elements, namely Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Sb, Cd, Zn, Hg and Pb, in the soil from Huangpi district, Wuhan, Central China. Soil samples were collected from eighteen sites at soil depths of 1–10 and 10–20 cm and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer ICP-MS (Thermo X SERIES 2, Scientific and Innovative Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China). The recorded mean concentration of the elements were in a decreasing order of Fe > Co > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Sb > Zn > Hg. The mean concentration of trace elements, soil pH and total organic carbon (TOC) were higher at a soil depth of 1–10 cm. The obtained mean concentration of Cr, Co, As, Cd, Ni, Cu, Hg and Pb were above the soil background values of Wuhan and Hubei Province. The mean concentration values of Co, Ni and Cd, exceeded the recommended FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)/ISRIC (International Soil Reference and Information Centre) (2004) and WHO/FAO (2001) values. Pearson’s correlation analysis illustrated that there was a strong and significant correlation between trace elements, whereas, a weak positive and negative correlation between elements and soil properties (pH and TOC). The principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) result indicated that the concentration of trace elements in Huangpi soil were originated from anthropogenic sources. Potential ecological risk index (RI) of this study revealed that there is a high ecological risk of trace elements in the soil. Enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) of trace elements for this study indicated that the study area is strongly contaminated with Cd and Co. Generally, the finding of this research showed that Huangpi soil is contaminated.

scholarly journals Arsenic geochemistry of the sediments of the shallow aquifer and its correlation with the groundwater, Rangpur, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Saha ◽  
A. H. M. Selim Reza ◽  
Mrinal Kanti Roy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
World Health ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aquifer Sediments ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe geochemical analysis of the shallow aquifer sediments of the area of investigation reveals that they are acidic in nature. The mean electrical conductivity of the deposits is 1.16 dS/m that indicates very low or negligible effects of salinity of the sediments of the Rangpur division. The median values of the concentrations of total organic carbon, total nitrogen and sulphur are 0.20%, 0.02% and 58.68 mg/kg, respectively. The trend of the average heavy metal concentrations of the investigated area can be shown as Fe > As > Cu > Zn. The average concentrations of arsenic of the sediments of the study area are 3.52 mg/kg. Sulphur is significantly, positively correlated with copper and zinc (p < 0.05) and insignificantly and positively correlated with arsenic content of the sediments that indicates that the copper and zinc occur as sulphide minerals. The mean concentrations of arsenic in the groundwater are 1.1793 μg/L. The concentration of all the water samples is below the permissible limit of World Health Organization (10 μg/L). The arsenic content of groundwater shows the positive correlations with the arsenic, iron and copper concentrations of the sediments. This implies that the arsenic of groundwater derived from the geogenic source, like the dissolution of arsenic bearing minerals of the aquifer sediments—pyrite and arsenopyrite. The acidic nature, texture and minor quantities of total organic carbon are the factors that also influence the low arsenic enrichment in the investigated sediments and its release to the groundwater. The contemporary arsenic specification research works showed that As(III) the most common species in natural water and foodstuffs and the arsenic is inorganic from source in Bangladesh.

Mathematical modeling for total organic carbon content prediction with logging parameters by neural networks: A case study of shale gas well in South China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. T283-T292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Yanran ◽  
Xiao Zhenhui ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Yu Ye ◽  
Cao Taotao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
South China ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Back Propagation Algorithm

The lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in northwestern Hunan, South China, has already reached its high or over matured stage and is formed with hydrothermal activity and deposition. Thus, it is extremely difficult to predict the total organic carbon (TOC) content accurately by common methods with well-logging data. To solve this problem, we use artificial neural networks for predicting the TOC of the black shales in our study case. We got the input vectors through principal component analysis and based on the relationships and the logging response mechanism between TOC and logging data. In the back-propagation algorithm, some important parameters including the sample databases, the number of hidden layer nodes, transfer function, and weight value adjustment were all optimized correctly in the networks. Then, we built the mathematical model through a large number of learning sample datum and the error function between the actual and expected outputs, and we found that the results are good according to many performance indicators. In testing samples, mean absolute and relative errors are all reduced probably due to the datum ranges and features being focused, but the accuracy also drops when the numbers of participating samples are reduced. Through redefining the [Formula: see text] sample database, we gained more accurate values for the high-TOC source rock. Finally, we think that the results suggest that the method is suitable for shale gas resource exploration under similar geologic conditions and data characteristics.

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