The Hoverfly and the Wasp: A Critique of the Hallmarks of Aging as a Paradigm

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.20944/preprints202105.0310.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Gems ◽

João Pedro de Magalhães

Keyword(s):

Reference Point ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽

Aging Research ◽

Major Reference

With the goal of representing common denominators of aging in different organisms López-Otín et al. in 2013 described nine hallmarks of aging. Since then, this representation has become a major reference point for the biogerontology field. The template for the hallmarks of aging account originated from landmark papers by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000, 2011) defining first six and later ten hallmarks of cancer. Here we assess the strengths and weaknesses of the hallmarks of aging account. As a checklist of diverse major foci of current aging research, it has provided a useful shared overview for biogerontology during a time of transition in the field. It also seems useful in applied biogerontology, to identify interventions (e.g. drugs) that impact multiple symptomatic features of aging. However, while the hallmarks of cancer provide a paradigmatic account of the causes of cancer with profound explanatory power, the hallmarks of aging do not. A worry is that as a non-paradigm the hallmarks of aging have obscured the urgent need to define a genuine paradigm, one that can provide a useful basis for understanding the mechanistic causes of the diverse aging pathologies. We argue that biogerontology must look and move beyond the hallmarks to understand the process of aging.

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THE MAJOR REFERENCE POINT IN A SINGLE VISION LENS

Optometry and Vision Science ◽

10.1097/00006324-194701000-00001 ◽

1947 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Glenn A. Fry

Keyword(s):

Reference Point ◽

Single Vision ◽

Major Reference

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The Relationship between Cognitive Reference Point and Target Body: An Analysis of News Cartoons

Journal of English Language and Literature ◽

10.17722/jell.v11i1.406 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1082-1086

Author(s):

Sanmao Zhu

Keyword(s):

Reference Point ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Mapping Process ◽

The Relationship

Previous studies have proved great explanatory power of the principle of Cognitive Reference Point (CRP) in the analysis of discourses. Less attention is focused on the principle itself. This study explores the relationship between the cognitive reference point and the target body by analyzing a few news cartoons. Findings show that the mapping process of reference point and target body is achieved either in the same field, in the same domain or in different dominions.

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THE FOCUS ON SELF-DEVELOPMENT AS A PREDICTOR OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL WELLBEING OF ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS

Вестник Пермского университета Философия Психология Социология ◽

10.17072/2078-7898/2019-1-94-105 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 94-105

Author(s):

Evgenia G. Troshikhina ◽

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Victoria R. Manukyan ◽

Marina V. Danilova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personal Growth ◽

Reference Point ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Emotional Wellbeing ◽

Internal Motivation ◽

Self Development ◽

Older Adolescents ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Adolescent Period

The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the focus on self-development for the psycho-emotional wellbeing of older adolescents (N = 146) and adults (N = 160). Two integrative indicators of the harmonicity / inharmonicity of the focus on self-development are suggested: the ratio of the importance of personal growth to its achievement (realization) and the ratio of the importance (external motivation) of self-development in life spheres to interest (internal motivation) in it. The research revealed that the psycho-emotional wellbeing of adolescents is of hedonistic nature, whereas that of adults is of eudemonic one. With regard to the focus on self-development, the level of the importance of personal growth and the level of its realization in adolescents and adults do not significantly differ. In addition, in both groups the level of the importance is significantly higher than the level of achievement, which indicates an aspiration for further self-improvement. The level of the importance of self-development in different life spheres and the level of interest in it are significantly higher in adults than in adolescents. The harmonious ratio of the importance of self-development to the interest in it and the harmonious ratio of the importance of personal growth to its achievement are most favorable for the psycho-emotional wellbeing of adolescents, while the realization in the sphere of personal growth and their own interest in self-development are of greater importance for the psycho-emotional wellbeing of adults. In adulthood indicators of the focus on self-development appear to be predictors of components of psycho-emotional wellbeing more often and with greater explanatory power than in the adolescent period. Evaluation of achievements in personal growth and internal motivation for self-development (interest in it) are the strongest predictors of psycho-emotional wellbeing for adults, whereas for adolescents the most important predictor of psycho-emotional wellbeing is the recognition of the importance of personal growth, which can be considered a reference point for the future life.

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Theology, Music, and Modernity

10.1093/oso/9780198846550.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Reference Point ◽

Christian Faith ◽

Musical Work ◽

Concert Hall ◽

New Creation ◽

Music And Language ◽

Theological Perspective ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Modern Era ◽

Major Reference

This book addresses the question: how can the study of music contribute to the theological reading of modernity? It seeks to demonstrate that the making and hearing of music, and the discourses surrounding music, can bear their own particular kind of witness to the theological dynamics that have characterized and shaped modernity, and especially with respect to modernity’s ambivalent relation to the God of the Christian faith. Music can provide a distinctive ‘theological performance’ of some of modernity’s most characteristic impulses and orientations. The guiding theme of the book is freedom: one of the most critical issues of the modern era. And the overall theological perspective is provided by the theme of New Creation, a central and pervasive current in Christian Scripture. Concentrating on the period 1740–1850, the book is arranged into four parts (each section taking a particular musical work or corpus of music as its major reference point): (1) ‘Revolutionary Freedom’, (2) ‘From Church to Concert Hall’, (3) ‘Singing Justice’, (4) ‘Music and Language’.

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The Imperial Legacies of Television within Europe

Television & New Media ◽

10.1177/1527476416648779 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 3-18

Author(s):

Anikó Imre

Keyword(s):

Reference Point ◽

Television Studies ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Cultural Industries ◽

Nation State ◽

European Perspective ◽

History Of ◽

East And West ◽

Zoom In ◽

Major Reference

The article argues for creating a mutually beneficial connection between postcolonial and television studies in order to understand how imperial legacies have shaped contemporary television regions. What it contributes to this work, more specifically, is the beginnings of a postcolonial account of intra-European broadcast regions. As both the original center of colonialism and the site of recent global economic, social and cultural crises, Europe is a major reference point in such attempts to re-historicize “empire” in order to understand industrial and ideological configurations within present-day media regions. I zoom in on three examples to highlight the imperial layers that have informed television in Europe: industrial collaborations between East and West, the imperial vestiges of 1960s to 1970s historical adventure series, and the imperial connections that tie together forms of TV comedy across Europe. The three examples demonstrate an opportunity to bypass the obligatory nation-state framework and begin to write the region’s history of television in a postcolonial, regional, and European perspective, outlining the imperial legacies of aesthetic, infrastructural and economic factors that underscore all cultural industries in the region.

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A Metaphoric Nexus of Terms in Neuroanatomy

Armenian Folia Anglistika ◽

10.46991/afa/2015.11.1.050 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1 (13)) ◽

pp. 50-57

Author(s):

Alina Petrosyan

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Human Brain ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Reference Point ◽

Major Reference

This article offers an overview on the usage of technological metaphors in medicine, and in Neuroanatomy in particular. Exploring major technological metaphors surrounding human brain and nervous system, the paper aims at illustrating the cognitive functions these metaphors have in communicating clinical phenomena and pathologies. The neuroanatomical section in the “Gray’s Anatomy” – the clinical Bible of medicine – has served a major reference point for the analysis of metaphors.

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Metaphor through the Lens of Clinical Medicine: The Case of Specialty-Specific Signs

Armenian Folia Anglistika ◽

10.46991/afa/2016.12.2.038 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2 (16)) ◽

pp. 38-48

Author(s):

Svetlana Margaryan ◽

Alina Petrosyan

Keyword(s):

Clinical Setting ◽

Reference Point ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Cognitive Value ◽

Medical Dictionary ◽

Major Reference

The present paper aims at discussing certain metaphors which name diseases resembling specialty-specific signs manifested in different occupations. An attempt is made towards showcasing the cognitive value that metaphor entails when used in a clinical setting to verbalize different diseases. Stedman’s Medical Dictionary – currently the most content-rich medical dictionary – has served a major reference point for the analysis of specialty-specific metaphors in Medicine.

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Cognitive Reflection Effects on Time Discounting

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 99-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michał Białek ◽

Przemysław Sawicki

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Individual Difference ◽

Delay Discounting ◽

Reference Point ◽

Reference Points ◽

Cognitive Reflection Test ◽

Process Information ◽

Time Discounting ◽

Cognitive Reflection ◽

The Way

Abstract. In this work, we investigated individual differences in cognitive reflection effects on delay discounting – a preference for smaller sooner over larger later payoff. People are claimed to prefer more these alternatives they considered first – so-called reference point – over the alternatives they considered later. Cognitive reflection affects the way individuals process information, with less reflective individuals relying predominantly on the first information they consider, thus, being more susceptible to reference points as compared to more reflective individuals. In Experiment 1, we confirmed that individuals who scored high on the Cognitive Reflection Test discount less strongly than less reflective individuals, but we also show that such individuals are less susceptible to imposed reference points. Experiment 2 replicated these findings additionally providing evidence that cognitive reflection predicts discounting strength and (in)dependency to reference points over and above individual difference in numeracy.

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