Motivation in Online Learning

Online learning is accepted as an effective educational learning process that can respond to rapidly and constantly changing learner needs. Increasing the quality of online learning is an important point to be addressed. Within this context, motivation in online learning that affects what learners will learn, how they will learn, and when they will learn is one of the most important components because the motivation of learners has a very important place in terms of achieving desired goals in the learning and teaching process. It is not easy to continuously motivate learners in online learning process over a long period. Creating the motivation of everyone involved in the learning and teaching process is very important in terms of the efficiency and quality of the process. Within the context of a theoretical framework, “motivation,” “motivation process,” “types of motivation,” “internal motivation,” “extrinsic motivation,” “the importance of motivation in education,” and “motivation in online learning” were addressed in the present study.

MOTIVATION OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHERS

The relevance of the problem and task of modern society is to increase the motivation of teachers. Thus, the motivation of teachers' professional activity needs research. The purpose of the article is to study and compare the motivation of teachers' professional activity of preschool and primary education depending on the educational institution, its location, as well as the pedagogical experience of the respondents. Methods of the research: theoretical - in order to highlight the state of study and features of motivation of professional activity of teachers in preschool and primary education, formulation of conclusions of the study, etc. (comparison, generalization, etc.); empirical − to identify indicators of motivation (electronic survey, pedagogical observation); mathematical - to process the results using the computer program IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results of the research: the attention of scientists (during 1970-2021, according to the Web of Science) is more focused on studying students' motivation than teachers' motivation. We conducted an online survey of 151 respondents (2019-2021). The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient is equal to 0,830 (for the entire questionnaire). Most teachers of preschool (about 63%) and primary (about 77%) education have optimal motivational complexes, namely: internal motivation or external positive motivation prevails, or their values are the same, but greater than external negative motivation. The internal motivation of teachers prevails among other motivational complexes in the studied variants of comparison, namely depending on: the type of educational institutions of the respondents (preschool and primary education); from the pedagogical experience of the respondents, the location of educational institutions. We confirmed the formation of such (mostly optimal) motivational complexes for professional activities of teachers of preschool and primary education using the c2-criterion; did not find statistically significant differences in the studied indicators of motivation depending on the teaching experience, location of the educational institution.

CAFÉ AS STUDENT’S INFORMAL LEARNING SPACE: A CASE STUDY IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA

For the past years, the café's functionality has shifted from serving light food or beverages to being used by students as an informal learning space (ILS). This paper discusses university student's motivation to study in a café and the desired café's characteristics as an ILS in Bandung, Indonesia. The research uses a quantitative method using a questionnaire to reveal the dimensions of students' internal motivation and spatial characteristics of the café and its effect on students' informal learning responses while in the café. Results found 6 (six) groups of student motivations and 7 (seven) characteristics of cafés as an ILS. Results uncover a positive relationship between utilitarian motivation and physical characteristics in the form of the availability and quality of café amenities on students' cognitive and affective responses. It is implied that students choose a café as an ILS because such informal space can provide satisfactory physical amenities so that their learning performance is expected to increase. Through this trend, universities and/or related stakeholders could use this opportunity to improve the well-being of the student.

The effect of mobile learning on students’ attitudes using mobile devices

Mobile learning (m-learning) has the potential to vastly change and improve education as we know it. Its main advantage is in extending the educational contexts to any place and any time. This leads to possibilities of more active and experiential learning. Furthermore, it greatly improves the potential for communication and access to information. All of these improvements, if utilized properly, can lead to more meaningful learning and more internal motivation for learning. However, these changes are not easy to implement and require the overcoming of several obstacles. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes towards m-learning and its relationships with ubiquitous learning, experiential and active learning, meaningful learning, cooperative learning, internal motivation for learning, and demographic variables. In order to measure these constructs, questionnaires were completed by 200 participants. The results suggest that the youngest generations (15-17 years old) and those who used their mobile phones the most have the highest attitudes towards m-learning. There were no differences amongst genders or people with various levels of education. Furthermore, the effects of mobile and ubiquitous learning on meaningful learning were mediated by collaborative and experiential and active learning. Lastly, the effects of mobile and ubiquitous learning on internal motivation for learning were direct. The findings indicate the importance of utilization of mobile learning and its positive consequences on both academic and personal aspects of the students’ lives.

Dynamics of labor motivation of medical employees in the process of professional activities

The aim of the study is to study the structure and dynamics of changes in the labor motivation of medical workers at the stages of professional activity and to suggest ways to improve the labor motivation management system in a medical organization. Results. Based on the theoretical conclusions and the research conducted, recommendations were developed to improve the system for managing the labor motivation of the personnel of a medical organization, which, on the one hand, take into account the features of the motivational complex specific to each group of medical workers, and on the other hand, changes in the structure of motivation that occur as the acquisition of professional experience by specialists. Conclusion. The study showed that as medical workers accumulate work experience, their motivational spectrum shifts towards external motives, thus, their internal motivation decreases.

Will environmental information disclosure affect bank credit decisions and corporate debt financing costs? Evidence from China's heavily polluting industries

In the context of green finance, whether listed companies in heavily polluting industries can convert the external pressure of environmental information disclosure into internal motivation is critical to achieving environmental governance goals. This paper selects 946 listed companies of 16 heavily polluting industries in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets as samples to explore whether environmental information disclosure can help companies increase bank credit support and reduce debt financing costs to transform their external pressures into internal motivation. The empirical results show that there is a significant positive correlation between environmental information disclosure and bank credit decisions. From the perspective of financing scale, heavily polluting companies have the inherent motivation to disclose environmental information actively and proactively to obtain more credit support. There is no significant relationship between the corporate debt financing cost and environmental information disclosure. This paper puts forward some critical policy suggestions for government decision makers, heavily polluting enterprises and financial institutions.

Building Inner Motivation among FL Learners in the Age of Education Globalization with the Help of New Technologies

The main aim of this article is to present essential information concerning the correlation between building students’ inner motivation and using modern technologies for teaching and learning purposes. Mixed research was conducted including questionnaires, tests, lesson observation sheets, and focus group interviews. The respondents were divided into three age categories. However, all the students agree that lessons using modern technologies significantly affect the level of their internal motivation to work independently. The role of teachers is significant, as they should constantly deepen their knowledge in this field and teach their students how to use new technologies effectively.

On the Problems and Countermeasures of Agricultural Trade and Anti-poverty under the Pattern of High Quality Development

With the rapid economic development and strong policy support, the targets and tasks of poverty alleviation are completed on schedule, but the foundation of anti-poverty areas is not solid and the internal motivation is insufficient. At the same time, China's agricultural trade liberalization has also penetrated in all aspects of economy, employment and society. This paper explains the current situation in detail and analyzes the relationship between agricultural trade liberalization and the prevention of return to poverty, and what strategies should be made at this stage to prevent the return to poverty at this stage.

Application of Adaptive Virtual Reality with AI-Enabled Techniques in Modern Sports Training

Virtual reality technology has many characteristics, such as high immersion, dynamic interactive response, and multidimensional information digitization. These characteristics are needed by the combination of modern sports development and scientific and technological progress. The introduction of virtual reality technology into the field of sports will be conducive to the scientific training of sports competition and the digital research of technical theory and to the rapid development of modern sports. This paper constructs the framework of sports training based on virtual reality technology and designs a motion capture data algorithm based on behavior string, which successfully improves the advantages of virtual reality technology. In addition, the training experiment method is used to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the system, focusing on the high-school students learning tennis for the first time as the experimental object to study the differences in training effects between the traditional training method and the training method using virtual reality technology. The training effect of tennis is better than the traditional training method, and the difference is significant; the internal motivation of training psychology is better than the traditional training method, and the difference is significant. Compared with the traditional training method, this training method can stimulate students’ interest in training, improve students’ training effect, and promote students’ psychological internal motivation to continue training. This study provides useful enlightenment for the further application of virtual reality technology and in the modern sports training for various sports events.