scholarly journals Surround Modulation Properties of Tectal Neurons in Pigeon Characterized by Moving and Flashed Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoke Niu ◽  
Shuman Huang ◽  
Minjie Zhu ◽  
Zhizhong Wang ◽  
Li Shi
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Generation Mechanism ◽  
Surround Suppression ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Classical Receptive Field ◽  
Tectal Neurons ◽  
Statistical Results

Surround modulation is a phenomenon whereby costimulation of the extra-classical receptive field and classical receptive field would modulate the visual responses induced individually by classical receptive field. However, there lacks systematic study about surround modulation properties existing in avian optic tectum. In this study, neuronal activities are recorded from pigeon optic tectum, and the responses to moving and flashed squares and bars of different sizes are compared. The statistical results showed that most tectal neurons presented surround suppression as stimuli size grew larger both in moving and flashed paradigms, and the suppression degree induced by larger flashed square was comparable with that by moving one when it crossed near the cell’s RF center, which corresponds to fully surrounding condition. The suppression degree grew weaker when the stimuli move across the RF border, which corresponds to partially surrounding condition. Meanwhile, the fully surround suppression induced by flashed square was also more intense than partially surrounded by flashed bars. The results provide new insight for understanding the spatial arrangement of lateral inhibitions from feedback or feedforward streams, which would help to make clear the generation mechanism of surround modulation found in avian optic tectum.

scholarly journals Surround Modulation Properties of Tectal Neurons in Pigeon Characterized by Moving and Flashed Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoke Niu ◽  
Shuman Huang ◽  
Minjie Zhu ◽  
Zhizhong Wang ◽  
Li Shi
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Generation Mechanism ◽  
Surround Suppression ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Classical Receptive Field ◽  
Tectal Neurons ◽  
Statistical Results

Surround modulation is a phenomenon whereby costimulation of the extra-classical receptive field and classical receptive field would modulate the visual responses induced individually by classical receptive field. However, there lacks systematic study about surround modulation properties existing in avian optic tectum. In this study, neuronal activities are recorded from pigeon optic tectum, and the responses to moving and flashed squares and bars of different sizes are compared. The statistical results showed that most tectal neurons presented surround suppression as stimuli size grew larger both in moving and flashed paradigms, and the suppression degree induced by larger flashed square was comparable with that by moving one when it crossed near the cell’s RF center, which corresponds to fully surrounding condition. The suppression degree grew weaker when the stimuli move across the RF border, which corresponds to partially surrounding condition. Meanwhile, the fully surround suppression induced by flashed square was also more intense than partially surrounded by flashed bars. The results provide new insight for understanding the spatial arrangement of lateral inhibitions from feedback or feedforward streams, which would help to make clear the generation mechanism of surround modulation found in avian optic tectum.

scholarly journals Nonuniform surround suppression of visual responses in mouse V1

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 3282-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Samonds ◽  
Berquin D. Feese ◽  
Tai Sing Lee ◽  
Sandra J. Kuhlman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Surround Suppression ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Perceptual Inference ◽  
Inference Problems ◽  
Local And Global Features

Complex receptive field characteristics, distributed across a population of neurons, are thought to be critical for solving perceptual inference problems that arise during motion and image segmentation. For example, in a class of neurons referred to as “end-stopped,” increasing the length of stimuli outside of the bar-responsive region into the surround suppresses responsiveness. It is unknown whether these properties exist for receptive field surrounds in the mouse. We examined surround modulation in layer 2/3 neurons of the primary visual cortex in mice using two-photon calcium imaging. We found that surround suppression was significantly asymmetric in 17% of the visually responsive neurons examined. Furthermore, the magnitude of asymmetry was correlated with orientation selectivity. Our results demonstrate that neurons in mouse primary visual cortex are differentially sensitive to the addition of elements in the surround and that individual neurons can be described as being either uniformly suppressed by the surround, end-stopped, or side-stopped. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Perception of visual scenes requires active integration of both local and global features to successfully segment objects from the background. Although the underlying circuitry and development of perceptual inference is not well understood, converging evidence indicates that asymmetry and diversity in surround modulation are likely fundamental for these computations. We determined that these key features are present in the mouse. Our results support the mouse as a model to explore the neural basis and development of surround modulation as it relates to perceptual inference.

scholarly journals Multisensory Integration in Mesencephalic Trigeminal Neurons in Xenopus Tadpoles

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara G. Pratt ◽  
Carlos D. Aizenman
Keyword(s):  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Trigeminal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Somatosensory Information ◽  
Somatosensory Neurons ◽  
Tectal Neurons

Mesencephalic trigeminal (M-V) neurons are primary somatosensory neurons with somata located within the CNS, instead of in peripheral sensory ganglia. In amphibians, these unipolar cells are found within the optic tectum and have a single axon that runs along the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. The axon has collaterals in the brain stem and is believed to make synaptic contact with neurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus, forming part of a sensorimotor loop. The number of M-V neurons is known to increase until metamorphosis and then decrease, suggesting that at least some M-V neurons may play a transient role during tadpole development. It is not known whether their location in the optic tectum allows them to process both visual and somatosensory information. Here we compare the anatomical and electrophysiological properties of M-V neurons in the Xenopus tadpole to principal tectal neurons. We find that, unlike principal tectal cells, M-V neurons can sustain repetitive spiking when depolarized and express a significant H-type current. M-V neurons could also be driven synaptically by visual input both in vitro and in vivo, but visual responses were smaller and longer-lasting than those seen in principal tectal neurons. We also found that the axon of M-V neurons appears to directly innervate a tentacle found in the corner of the mouth of premetamorphic tadpoles. Electrical stimulation of this transient sensory organ results in antidromic spiking in M-V neurons in the tectum. Thus M-V neurons may play an integrative multisensory role during tadpole development.

Suppression outside the classical cortical receptive field

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY A. WALKER ◽  
IZUMI OHZAWA ◽  
RALPH D. FREEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Complex Cell ◽  
Surround Suppression ◽  
Classical Receptive Field ◽  
Simple And Complex Cell ◽  
Prevalent Form

The important visual stimulus parameters for a given cell are defined by the classical receptive field (CRF). However, cells are also influenced by visual stimuli presented in areas surrounding the CRF. The experiments described here were conducted to determine the incidence and nature of CRF surround influences in the primary visual cortex. From extracellular recordings in the cat's striate cortex, we find that for over half of the cells investigated (56%, 153/271), the effect of stimulation in the surround of the CRF is to suppress the neuron's activity by at least 10% compared to the response to a grating presented within the CRF alone. For the remainder of the cells, the interactions were minimal and a few were of a facilitatory nature. In this paper, we focus on the suppressive interactions. Simple and complex cell types exhibit equal incidences of surround suppression. Suppression is observed for cells in all layers, and its degree is strongly correlated between the two eyes for binocular neurons. These results show that surround suppression is a prevalent form of inhibition and may play an important role in visual processing.

Effects of neonatal enucleation on receptive-field properties of visual neurons in superior colliculus of the golden hamster

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rhoades ◽  
L. M. Chalupa
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Directional Selectivity ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Visual Neurons ◽  
Retinotectal Projection ◽  
Visual Cells ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Tectal Neurons

1. Monocular enucleation in infant hamsters results in a marked expansion of the normally very limited ipsilateral retinotectal projection (13). In 34 hamsters subjected to removal of one eye within 12 h of birth, the receptive-field characteristics of superior collicular neurons ipsilateral and contralateral to the remaining eye were investigated quantitatively and compared to those of normal animals. In six additional neonatal enucleates, the density of the expanded retinotectal projection was studied with the autoradiographic method and an attempt was made to relate the anatomical reorganization with the electrophysiological findings, 2. The response characteristics of visual cells in the colliculus contralateral to the remaining eye were not significantly different from those observed in normal animals. In the ipsilateral tectum, however, numerous changes were observed. Visual receptive fields were abnormally large. The incidence of directional selectivity was markedly reduced, as were the magnitudes of the discharges elicited by either flashed or moving stimuli. Fewer cells were activated by small flashed spots and most of the units that were responsive to such stimulation failed to exhibit the surround suppression typical for the majority of tectal neurons in normal hamsters. Most cells in the ipsilateral colliculus responded only to relatively low (less than 50 degrees/s) stimulus velocities and response decrements resulting from repeated stimulation also occurred much more readily for the neurons tested on this side. 3. The results of additional experiments in neonatal enucleates (n = 8), which were also subjected to acute bilateral removal of the visual cortex, demonstrated that such damage resulted in a marked reduction in the incidence of directional selectivity in the colliculus contralateral to the remaining eye but had no effect on the responses of cells innervated by the aberrant ipsilateral pathway. 4. A correlation between the relative density of the ipsilateral retinal projection at different points in the colliculus, as demonstrated by the autroradiography and the nature of the visual responses obtained in different portions of the structure, indicated that receptive-field size was negatively correlated with the density of the aberrant retinotectal projection and that absolute responsivity (number of impulses elicited by an optimal stimulus) was positively correlated with autoradiographic grain density. 5. These findings demonstrate that while the aberrant retinocollicular projection can, along with the other visual inputs to the tectum, result in the organization of normal response properties for a small number of tectal neurons, the majority of the visual cells innervated by this pathway have responses that are appreciably different from normal.

Bulk Dye Loading for In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Visual Responses in Populations of Xenopus Tectal Neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot106831
Author(s):  
Peter W. Hogg ◽  
Kurt Haas
Keyword(s):  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Tectal Neurons ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Sensory Evoked ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging

Bulk loading of neurons with fluorescent calcium indicators in transparent albino Xenopus tadpoles offers a rapid and easy method for tracking sensory-evoked activity in large numbers of neurons within an awake developing brain circuit. In vivo two-photon time-lapse imaging of an image plane through the optic tectum allows defining receptive field properties from visual-evoked responses for studies of single-neuron and network-level encoding and plasticity. Here, we describe loading the Xenopus tadpole optic tectum with the membrane-permeable AM ester of Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 (OGB-1 AM) for in vivo imaging experiments.

Visual Responses Outside the Classical Receptive Field in Primate Striate Cortex: A Possible Correlate of Perceptual Completion

1992 ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gattass ◽  
Mario Fiorani ◽  
Marcello Gonçalves Pereira Rosa ◽  
Maria Carmen Giraldez Pereira Piñon ◽  
Aglai Penna Barbosa de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Classical Receptive Field ◽  
Perceptual Completion

p-Chloroamphetamine treatment modifies evoked responses to sinusoidal gratings in the pigeon optic tectum

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alesci ◽  
V. Porciatti ◽  
L. Sebastiani ◽  
P. Bagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Sinusoidal Gratings ◽  
Selective Depletion ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Serotonergic Function ◽  
Tectal Neurons

AbstractThis study was performed in order to establish whether selective depletion of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the pigeon optic tectum (TeO) induced by p-chloroamphetamine (p-CA) modified tectal evoked potentials (TEPs). TEPs in response to sinusoidal gratings of different contrast, spatial and temporal frequency were recorded in control pigeons and in pigeons intraperitoneally injected with p-CA (10 mg/kg; two administrations in consecutive days). TEPs of p-CA treated pigeons, as compared to those of control pigeons, were reduced in amplitude as a function of contrast, spatial and temporal frequency. In addition, TEPs of p-CA treated pigeons differed from those recorded in controls in their transfer characteristics of contrast and spatial frequency. In particular, TEPs of p-CA treated pigeons did not saturate at moderate contrast, unlike those of controls. Furthermore, the TEP spatial tuning in p-CA treated pigeons is broader than that in controls; it thus suggests a reduction of spatial-frequency selectivity. These findings indicate that a selective neurotoxin for serotonergic systems, such as p-CA, can serve as a useful denervation tool for the study of the serotonergic function in the pigeon TeO. In addition, selective changes of TEP properties suggest the possibility that serotonergic afferents play a modulatory role on the receptive-field characteristics of tectal neurons.

scholarly journals Adaptation-induced modification of motion selectivity tuning in visual tectal neurons of adult zebrafish

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 2893-2902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Hollmann ◽  
Valerie Lucks ◽  
Rafael Kurtz ◽  
Jacob Engelmann
Keyword(s):  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Plasticity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tectal Neurons

In the developing brain, training-induced emergence of direction selectivity and plasticity of orientation tuning appear to be widespread phenomena. These are found in the visual pathway across different classes of vertebrates. Moreover, short-term plasticity of orientation tuning in the adult brain has been demonstrated in several species of mammals. However, it is unclear whether neuronal orientation and direction selectivity in nonmammalian species remains modifiable through short-term plasticity in the fully developed brain. To address this question, we analyzed motion tuning of neurons in the optic tectum of adult zebrafish by calcium imaging. In total, orientation and direction selectivity was enhanced by adaptation, responses of previously orientation-selective neurons were sharpened, and even adaptation-induced emergence of selectivity in previously nonselective neurons was observed in some cases. The different observed effects are mainly based on the relative distance between the previously preferred and the adaptation direction. In those neurons in which a shift of the preferred orientation or direction was induced by adaptation, repulsive shifts (i.e., away from the adapter) were more prevalent than attractive shifts. A further novel finding for visually induced adaptation that emerged from our study was that repulsive and attractive shifts can occur within one brain area, even with uniform stimuli. The type of shift being induced also depends on the difference between the adapting and the initially preferred stimulus direction. Our data indicate that, even within the fully developed optic tectum, short-term plasticity might have an important role in adjusting neuronal tuning functions to current stimulus conditions.

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