scholarly journals Damage in Ports due to the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tomita ◽  
◽  
Taro Arikawa ◽  
Tadashi Asai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Industrial Operations

The tsunami following the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake devastated ports in the Tohoku and Kanto regions of Japan. Even Iwate Prefecture in Tohoku, which had experienced many tsunami disasters and prepared tsunami disaster mitigation measures, incurred great devastation because the tsunami was both higher than any historically recorded tsunamis and than any estimated tsunamis for disaster management. The tsunami-induced inundation destroyed many of wooden houses widely found in the area. Many ships and boats at sea were displaced by the tsunami, with some vessels colliding with others and port facilities such as cargo handling equipment and quay walls being damaged. Much debris was generated and disrupted rescue and restoration activities in the disaster aftermath. Port devastation caused stagnation in logistics and industrial operations, negatively impacting on residents’ lives and industrial activities in the disaster aftermath. There was a positive lesson that breakwaters and seawalls damaged by the tsunami reduced tsunami impacts behind them. Ports should be robust and resilient against possible tsunami hazards, considering measures for worst-case earthquake and tsunami scenarios.

scholarly journals LABOR DONATION OR MONEY DONATION? PRO-SOCIALITY ON PREVENTION OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN A CASE OF CYCLONE AILA, BANGLADESH

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 1640007
Author(s):  
SHIBLY SHAHRIER ◽  
KOJI KOTANI
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Social Attitude ◽  
Cyclone Aila ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Willingness To Donate

The coastal zone in Bangladesh is the most powerfully lethal due to cyclones and storm hazard where 29% of the total population reside. Thus, collective disaster mitigation measures are urgent, and it is important to understand people’s pro-social attitude toward such countermeasures. However, few studies on this issue have been conducted in the context of developing countries, such as Bangladesh, and we therefore address this issue. We made a questionnaire survey of 1,000 respondents and elicited (i) a willingness to donate their labor (WDL) and (ii) a willingness to pay (WTP) to collective countermeasures for avoiding the damages from cyclones and associated disasters. With this data, we examine WDL and WTP in relation to respondents’ occupation, education and income. The novelty lies in offering respondents an option of choosing WDL and/or WTP in the questionnaire. The study finds that the poor and less educated people are likely to choose WDL and willing to donate more labor, while rich and educated people are likely to choose WTP and willing to donate more money. However, we also find that voluntary labor donation from poor and less educated people is significant in that donation from poor and less educated people exceeds that from rich and educated people on per-household basis. Poor and less educated people may be more pro-social and WDL is an important source of contribution to be utilized in natural disaster mitigation of developing countries. This finding can be considered a useful guidance for future policies in more general cases, since it is consistent with observed labor donations for the recovery in the 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan.

scholarly journals STABILITY OF WAVE-DISSIPATING CONCRETE BLOCKS OF DETACHED BREAKWATERS AGAINST TSUNAMI

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Hanzawa ◽  
Akira Matsumoto ◽  
Hitoshi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chilean Tsunami

In recent years, the risk of occurrence of tsunamis generated by near shore earthquakes, such as, Tokai, Tonankai, Nankai and off-Miyagi is considered to be higher than before, as well as off shore tsunamis traveling long distances, e.g., the 2010 Chilean tsunami. On March, 11th, 2011 the huge, devastating tsunami generated by The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake attacked and damaged the east coast area of Japan. Tsunami forces onto vertical walls, such as seawalls, has already been studied in detail, e.g., Asakura et al.(2002) and Kato et al.(2006). In Japan, detached breakwaters made with wave-dissipating concrete blocks such as Tetrapods have been widely applied. However, the effects of detached breakwater on tsunami disaster mitigation have not been studied. In our study, hydraulic model tests have been systematically and carefully carried out using solitary tsunami waves to evaluate the stability of concrete blocks following the our previous study on the effect of detached breakwaters from the viewpoint of reducing run-up and wave pressure onto seawalls behind the detached breakwaters (Hanzawa et al., 2011).

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