New Model to Promote Well-Being in Work Areas of an Aerospace Industry Facility in Mexicali

This investigation was made to evaluate the health and well-being of workers who made activities in the manufacturing processes of an aerospace industry installed in the city of Mexicali and based on the evidence presented in certain stages of a production line. The cost-benefit of applying ergonomic methods was analyzed, developing a descriptive model, which involved important aspects. Said aspects analyzed were (1) work methods, (2) training of employees in the operational area, (3) evaluation of times and movements of industrial operations, and (4) working conditions as the relationship of workers with supervisors and managers.

Windtech – A Sensory Device for ‘Cold’ Sensation Measurements

Windtech device is a novel tool for measuring the sensation of the ‘cold’. Cold poses numerous challenges for industrial operations, human survival, and living convenience. The impact of the cold is not possible to be quantified just based on temperatures; however other factors such as wind speed, humidity, irradiance have to be taken into consideration. Efforts have been made to develop combined indices such as wind chill temperature (WCT), AccuWeather RealFeel®, and others. The presented article discusses these along with the industrial standards that emphasize on the quantification of the ‘cold’. The following article introduces the Windtech device and its operating principle involving ‘heated temperature’, where the ‘heated temperature’ is affected by environmental parameters including ambient temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and irradiance. The discussed Windtech device is calibrated for operation according to the ISO 11079:2007 standard.

Energy-efficient bioethanol recovery process using deep eutectic solvent as entrainer

Bioethanol is commonly recovered from fermentation broth via distillation because it is the most economical and reliable process for large-scale industrial operations. Because extraction is a highly energy-efficient process applicable to low-composition bio-product separation, high-performance solvents are necessary for efficient bioethanol recovery. 2-Methyl pentanol, a branched long-chain alcohol, which was used as the extraction solvent, and a deep eutectic solvent, choline chloride and ethylene glycol (1:2), was employed as an entrainer for product refinement. Thermodynamic models of vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) and liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) systems were derived using molecular simulations and experimental results to develop the bioethanol extraction and refinement processes. The heat duty of the designed process was reduced by a quarter compared to that of previous recovery processes. Graphic abstract

Bayesian network-based root cause analysis and fault pathway identification in complex industrial processes

Real-time root cause identification (RCI) of faults or abnormal events in industries gives plant personnel the opportunity to address the faults before they progress and lead to failure. RCI in industrial systems must deal with their complex behavior, variable interactions, corrective actions of control systems and variability in faulty behavior. Bayesian networks (BNs) is a data-driven graph-based method that utilizes multivariate sensor data generated during industrial operations for RCI. Bayesian networks, however, require data discretization if data contains both discrete and continuous variables. Traditional discretization techniques such as equal width (EW) or equal frequency (EF) discretization result in loss of dynamic information and often lead to erroneous RCI. To deal with this limitation, we propose the use of a dynamic discretization technique called Bayesian Blocks (BB) which adapts the bin sizes based on the properties of data itself. In this work, we compare the effectiveness of three discretization techniques, namely EW, EF and BB coupled with Bayesian Networks on generation of fault propagation (causal) maps and root cause identification in complex industrial systems. We demonstrate the performance of the three methods on the industrial benchmark Tennessee-Eastman (TE) process. For two complex faults in the TE process, the BB with BN method successfully diagnosed correct root causes of the faults, and reduced redundancy (up to 50%) and improved the propagation paths in causal maps compared to other two techniques.

Molecular Simulation of External Electric Fields on the Crystal State: A Perspective

Unpacking the mechanistic insights into how externally applied electric fields affect the physicochemical properties of crystals represents a challenge of great importance for a plethora of natural phenomena, in addition to a broad array of industrial operations and technologies. As such, the key goals in such field effect studies centre around how thermodynamic and kinetic relaxation processes in crystals are affected, including charge carrier conduction and energy transfer processes, and this is a very recent area of fundamental scrutiny. Indeed, in recent years, there has been a steadily mounting number of reports of field-manipulated crystal-state phenomena. Taking as the background a range of natural phenomena, phenomenological theory, state-of-the-art experiments and technological observations, the present review examines the role of nonequilibrium molecular simulation in its scrutiny of intra-crystal phenomena from an atomistic viewpoint, in addition to providing a framework for a predictive molecular design philosophy by which to refine field crystal understanding.

Design of monitor system and tube fluid’s rate controller based on pressure sensor mpx5100dp and control valve

Control system is a major component in the industrial operations control process. In some industries that make use of chemicals, an error variables or parameters settings can cause some damage. For the environment or the industry itself. So, utilization and development in this field is an awful lot to do. This control system is designed to measure and control the flow rate of the fluid in the pipes. This tool is composed by using a pressure sensor MPX5100dp as the primary sensor and also the servo motor that became the controlling actuator faucets. The results showed that this system can control the fluid's flow rate according to what expected. For monitoring, the system can can determine the rate changes that occur in the pipe. This tool can measure the pressure of 100kPa and rotate the actuator up to faucets with a range of more or less 5 degree.

Correction Factors for Determining the Mass Transfer Coefficients

A number of industrial operations are linked to mass transfer. The mass transfer coefficient value is necessary to know when designing the industrial equipment in which mass transfer occurs. There are various mass transfer coefficients, as well as equations for their calculation. However, the value of these coefficients determined according to these equations often has to be corrected for the given conditions. The aim of the article is to state the conversion relations - the correction factors enabling the calculation of the mass transfer coefficients values corresponding to the given conditions.

Feasibility Study of Bio-fuel As a Sustainable Product of Biomass: An Overview of Its Fundamentals, Application and Environmental Impact

The energy crisis and ecological disasters have become a critical problem in recent decades. The human activities through industrial operations increase emissions and other pollutant particulates in the world as a result of steady patronage on fossil feedstock. Several experiments were performed to identify an alternative fuel meeting the rising energy demand. Biomass (bio-fuel) has recently been developed as an economical fuel, environmentally friendly resource, renewable and sustainable fuel. Approximately 350 crop plants were evaluated and some of them could be considered as suitable alternative diesel engine fuels. To increase the bio-fuel quantity globally, apart from crops, other biomaterial sources are considered potential in biofuel production. It was shown that the properties of biofuel combustion are identical to fossil. In the experimental combustion of biodiesel blends, higher ignition pressure and temperature, shorter ignition delay, and higher peak release were recorded. This paper is a literature review on the need for biofuels as a global renewable fuel resource and aims to explain the characteristics of combustion and pollutant formation in the application of biofuels. The study also stated the resources, the use of biogas and its emission impact in flameless combustion mode. With holistic adoption of biomass source of fuel together with the modern conversion techniques, issues from fuel emissions will be mitigated.

Impact of Heavy Metals Consumption on Human Health: A Literature Review

While some heavy metals are essential trace components, many are bio toxic in human biochemistry. As a result, a full grasp of underlying systems is required. For supporting life and minimizing environmental damage, we must grasp their sources, liquidation techniques, chemical modifications, and deposition patterns These metals are discharged into the environment by both natural and human activity, including mining, industrial operations, and vehicular emissions. Soils and groundwater are contaminated when they leak into subsurface fluids and eventually into the aquifer. The world's commerce and coordinating systems frequently generate environmental toxicity and poisoning. Swallowed, they generate bio toxic compounds, lose structural integrity, and block bio reactions. This study's goal is to learn more about heavy metals and their bio toxic effects on humans.