scholarly journals Association of Smoking with Indicators of the Structure and Function of Blood Vessels in Middle-aged Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-907
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Isaykina ◽  
V. B. Rozanov ◽  
А. А. Aleksandrov ◽  
M. B. Kotova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Smoking Duration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lipid Spectrum

Aim. To study the association of smoking with indicators of the structure and function of blood vessels in a sample of middle-aged men.Material and methods. This study is part of a 32-year prospective cohort observation of males starting in childhood (11-12 years). The study included 301 (30.0%) representatives of the original population sample aged 41-44 years. The examination included a survey on a standard questionnaire with an assessment of the status and intensity of smoking, of anthropometric indicators, blood pressure (BP), and determination of the blood lipid spectrum. The stiffness of the arterial wall and central pressure were measured by the method of applanation tonometry. The carotid intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (C-IMT) was estimated by the method of ultrasonic duplex scanning of the main vessels of the neck.Results. Of the 301 men examined, aged 41-44 years, 92 (30.6%) people never smoked, 73 (24.3%) smoked in the past and 136 (45.2%) people currently smoke. Former smokers were divided by the intensity of smoking in the past as follows: less than 20 cigarettes/day were smoked by 41 (56.0%) people, and ≥20 cigarettes/day - 32 (44.0%) people. Among current smokers, less than 20 cigarettes/day were smoked by 63 (46.0%) people, and ≥20 cigarettes - 73 (54.0%) people. Current smokers have a statistically significantly higher level of triglycerides and lower cholesterol of high density lipoproteins in the blood, augmentation index (AIx), augmentation blood pressure and C-IMT thicker than non-smokers. The thickness of the C-IMT and AIx was statistically significantly greater among current smokers who smoked 20 or more cigarettes daily. Men who smoked in the past had significantly greater body weight, waist circumference and pulse wave velocity. 12.4% of AIx variability was attributable to current smoking combined with variability in alcohol consumption, blood glucose, and heart rate. The body mass index (BMI) and ethanol consumption are independent determinants of peripheral and central systolic pressure, and account for 17.8% and 18.6% of their variance, respectively. The combined contribution of current smoking, age, BMI, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma glucose to the thickness variability of C-IMT was 13.7%. Among men with a smoking duration in the past >10 years, the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and arterial stiffness indicators - AIx, pulse pressure amplification were higher compared to peers with a shorter smoking duration.Conclusion. Current smoking is associated with atherogenic changes in the blood lipid spectrum, impaired structure and function of the main arteries. Moreover, the severity of structural and functional disorders of the arteries is associated with the intensity of current smoking. If you give up smoking, there is a potential possibility of reversibility of these vascular disorders.

scholarly journals Association of smoking with indicators of the structure and function of left ventricle of the heart in middle-aged men

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-520
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Isaykina ◽  
V. B. Rozanov ◽  
A. A. Aleksandrov ◽  
M. B. Kotova ◽  
M. A. Isaykina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
And Function

Aim. Evaluation of the association of smoking (status, intensity and duration) with indicators of the structure and function of the left ventricle of the heart in a sample of middle-aged men.Material and methods. This study is part of a 32-year prospective cohort observation of men from childhood (11-12 years). 301 (30.0%) representatives of the original population sample aged 41-44 years were included in the study. The examination included a survey on intensity of smoking, anthropometry, measuring blood pressure, pulse rate, echocardiography, and blood lipid analysis.Results. 301 men aged 41-44 included 92 (30.6%) men who had never smoked, 73 (24.3%) men smoked in the past and 136 (45.2%) men currently smoke. 75% of current smokers started smoking before age 19, of which 32.3% started smoking before age 15. The duration of smoking cessation among former smokers was 14.4 (12.5; 16.2) years. The average duration of smoking [average (95% confidence interval)] among former smokers was 14.4 (12.5; 16.2), for current smokers – 25.3 (24.6; 26.0) years. Current smoking was statistically significantly associated with higher mean values of the left ventricular myocardium mass (LVMM), the left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMMI), the end-systolic and end-diastolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSTs/IVSTd), the end-systolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWs), and the intensity and duration of current smoking were associated with higher values of the relative wall thickness of the left ventricle, the end-diastolic interventricular septum thickness, the end-systolic interventricular septum thickness, and with low values of the left ventricular stroke volume index (LV SVI). Multiple regression analysis showed that current smoking has an independent effect on the left ventricular myocardium mass, the left ventricular myocardial mass index and the end-diastolic interventricular septum thickness, and the duration and intensity of smoking has an effect on the index of the left ventricular stroke volume index.Conclusion. Current smoking, duration and intensity in middle-aged men is associated with unfavorable changes in indicators of the structure and function of the left ventricle of the heart. Efforts for primary prevention of smoking should begin as early as childhood and continue into adolescence and young adulthood.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

scholarly journals Blood pressure-induced physiological strain variability modulates wall structure and function in aorta rings

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 105014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Imsirovic ◽  
Erzsébet Bartolák-Suki ◽  
Samer Bou Jawde ◽  
Harikrishnan Parameswaran ◽  
Béla Suki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
And Function ◽  
Strain Variability

scholarly journals Adipokiny, insulinorezistentnost' i aktivnost' simpato-adrenalovoy sistemy u yunoshey s ozhireniem, manifestirovavshim v pubertatnyy period

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Verbovoy ◽  
E V Mitroshina ◽  
Yu A Dolgih
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Sympathoadrenal System ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Lipid Spectrum

69 young men with obesity manifesting at puberty have been examined. The average age was 19,22±0,26. 17 healthy young men, whose average age was 22 ± 0,72 years old, constituted a control group. The examined were divided according to their blood pressure (BP): the first subgroup included 36 young men with normal blood pressure, the other subgroup included 33 young men with arterial hypertension. Levels of blood lipid spectrum, levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, insulin in serum, urinary metanephrine excretion were measured. We obtained the following results: young men with obesity identified atherogenic changes in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Regardless of the level of blood pressure they showed a significant increase in leptin levels. In the subgroup of patients with hypertension we found increased urinary excretion of metanephrine, indicating increased activity of the sympathoadrenal system and its involvement in the formation of hypertension. The level of adiponectin in the surveyed tended to decrease, more pronounced in the combination of obesity and hypertension.

scholarly journals Is the Wistar Rat a more Suitable Normotensive Control for SHR to Test Blood Pressure and Cardiac Structure and Function?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Mateus Teixeira de Rezende ◽  
Leôncio Lopes Soares ◽  
Filipe Rios Drummond ◽  
Pedro Zavagli Suarez ◽  
Luciano Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Normotensive Control
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