scholarly journals Kompetisi dan Inovasi di Indonesia: Bukti Empiris dari Industri Manufaktur

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adhi Rachmaidi ◽  
Andi Fahmi Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Almost All

This paper studies empirical relationship between competition and innovation in Indonesia using micro data BPS. Lack of innovation data has requires this paper to use R&D expenditure as innovation in year of data avaibility. Competition is estimated by computing profit elasticity, based on idea of eciency. Inverted-U shape tested with technology spread within industries at which effect of competition and innovation can turn from positive to negative. Empirical evidence shows that relationship between competition and innovation is inverted-U with very low optimal point. This means that very few industries can increase innovation and almost all industries will reduce innovation as competition increases. ============================== Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan empiris antara kompetisi dan inovasi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data perusahaan BPS. Keterbatasan data inovasi mengharuskan penggunaan R&D expenditure sebagai inovasi pada tahun tersedianya data. Kompetisi diestimasi dengan menggunakan profit elasticity berdasarkan gagasan efisiensi. Bentuk inverted-U diuji dengan technology spread pada industri dengan efek dari kompetisi dan inovasi dapat berubah dari positif menjadi negatif. Bukti empiris menunjukkan hubungan antara kompetisi dan inovasi merupakan inverted-U dengan titik optimal yang sangat rendah. Ini berarti sangat sedikit industri yang dapat meningkatkan inovasi dan hampir semua industri akan mengurangi inovasi ketika kompetisi meningkat.

Plea-negotiations, prosecutors and discretion: An argument for legal reform

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Prosecutorial Discretion ◽  
Current Process ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Defence Counsel ◽  
Almost All ◽  
External Scrutiny

Unlike the cynicism and accountability concerns applied to the use of discretion by police and judicial officers, prosecutorial discretion in plea-negotiations operates essentially free from external scrutiny or transparency. Globally, there is a scarcity of data and research on plea-negotiations, meaning we do not have the capacity to accurately measure their frequency, the contexts in which agreements are reached or to identify patterns in the types of offenders/offences most commonly involved. Additionally, in almost all Australian jurisdictions, plea-negotiations are not recognised as a legitimate legal process in statute, despite empirical evidence from the legal community suggesting their overtly encouraged and common use. Drawing from research in which 51 Victorian prosecutors were observed engaging in plea-negotiation practices over several months, and 54 interviews were conducted with prosecutors, defence counsel, judicial officers and policy advisors, this article intends to reignite discussions of the nontransparency of plea-negotiations in Australia, including highlighting the need for increased criminological research in this underexamined field. The article contends that all Australian jurisdictions should define plea-negotiations in legislation and record data on how often plea-negotiations occur, similarly to the current process of recording guilty pleas. Without such reform, plea-negotiations will remain nontransparent and misunderstood, as there will be no adequate mechanism to understand or examine how negotiations operate in practice or what their true impacts might be.

scholarly journals Tectonic geomorphology at small catchment sizes – extensions of the stream-power approach and the <i>χ</i> method

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hergarten ◽  
J. Robl ◽  
K. Stüwe
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Tectonic Geomorphology ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
The Best Approximation ◽  
Fluvial Incision ◽  
Catchment Size ◽  
Almost All ◽  
River Profiles

Abstract. Quantitative tectonic geomorphology hinges on the analysis of longitudinal river profiles. The model behind almost all approaches in this field originates from an empirical relationship between channel slope and catchment size, often substantiated in the form of the stream-power model for fluvial incision. Significant methodological progress was recently achieved by introducing the χ transform. It defines a nonlinear length coordinate in such a way that the inherent curvature of river profiles due to the increase of catchment sizes in the downstream direction is removed from the analysis. However, the limitation to large catchment sizes inherited from the stream-power approach for fluvial incision persists. As a consequence, only a small fraction of all nodes of a digital elevation model (DEM) can be used for the analysis. In this study we present and discuss some empirically derived extensions of the stream power law towards small catchment sizes in order to overcome this limitation. Beyond this, we introduce a simple method for estimating the adjustable parameters in the original χ method as well as in our extended approaches. As a main result, an approach originally suggested for debris flow channels seems to be the best approximation if both large and small catchment sizes are included in the same analysis.

scholarly journals ¿Incide la forma de tenencia de la vivienda habitual sobre la situación de empleo en España?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
José E. Rodríguez Hernández ◽  
Javier A. Barrios García
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Tenure Choice ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
Housing Tenure Choice ◽  
The One

The objective of this study is to provide more empirical evidence on the possible existence in Spain of causal relationships between housing tenure choice (ownership/rental) and the employment status of household head (employed/unemployed), separating this effect from the one generated by other covariates and unobservables which  might affect, as well as from the reverse causal effect that might exist. With this aim, based on micro data from the Survey of Living Conditions for 2010 and the approach of the literature of treatment effects, we estimate switching probit models that relate these variables at the microeconomic level. The results obtained allow us to assert that owning the main residence, whether it is mortgaged or not, increases the probability of employment around 10%.

scholarly journals Searching for the Concentration-Price Effect in the German Movie Theater Industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Böhme ◽  
Christopher Müller
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Price Effect ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Movie Theater ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Monopolistic Pricing

SummaryThe empirical relationship between market concentration and prices has been well established for a long time and for numerous industries. Recently it was confirmed for the US movie theater industry. This paper investigates, whether such a price-concentration relationship can be found on local cinema markets in Germany as well, focusing on up-to-date mainstream movies. First, we develop a model of monopolistic pricing and estimate its parameters using data of monopoly markets from a new set of German micro data. Then we apply the estimated model to simulate monopoly prices on local markets with two or more operators and compare them to the prices actually observed in these markets. We find no significant difference in admission prices, which puts our study in contrast to the results found on local US markets. Searching for an explanation, we test whether movie theater operators even though being located in the same geographic area, are local monopolists, but find no hint of that, either.

scholarly journals Factors of Success of Initial Coin Offering. Empirical Evidence from 2016–2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Myalo ◽  
N. Yu. Glukhov
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Initial Coin Offerings ◽  
Factors Of Success

Since 2013, Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) have allowed companies to attract financing with the help of cryptocurrencies. Statistics of ICO shows that the ICO market is increasing and demand for funds continues to grow with claims of over $ 15 billion raised in the first half of 2018. The increasing volumes of investment in ICO projects as an alternative method to venture capital or IPO are caused by, for example, the possibility of reselling the received tokens at a higher price after the launch of the project or obtaining the company’s services at lower prices. While the importance of the topic is growing, there is the absence of fundamental works emphasizing the determinants of an ICO’s success. The scientific novelty of the forthcoming research consists in the formation of the model evaluation of ICO success. Using econometric analysis based on data for 1392 projects, we show that the volatility of the main cryptocurrencies has a significant impact on the success of ICO. The constraints of the platform for Smart Contacts (ERC-20) and dependence on the Ethereum volatility overcome all other factors. Our data contributes to existing literature and shows the insignificance e of the sector of the project, almost all location region and fl of infl e of quality of the team. This result may be explained by the uncertainty of the investor about the project (weak signals), absence of the regulation and legal framework. This result is beneficial for owners of companies since it is an argument for decreasing costs for marketing.

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