Recognizing illicit drug use by pregnant women: reports from Oregon birth attendants.

Abstract Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use in pregnancy is reduced among women with higher socioeconomic status (SES), this assumption is not well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use in a community-based sample of pregnant women with middle to high SES. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1,660 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008-2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34-36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results: Overall, 3.1% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2-3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0-1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions: Maternal ACEs were common and associated with a moderate increase in the odds of illicit drug use in pregnancy among Canadian women with middle to high SES.

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Adverse Childhood Experiences are Associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women with middle to high socioeconomic status: Findings from the All Our Families Cohort

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33576/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cheryl L. Currie ◽

Suzanne C Tough

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use is reduced among pregnant women who are well educated and have higher socioeconomic status, this assumption has not been well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use among pregnant women who are well-educated women, have middle to high household incomes, and seeking regular prenatal care. Findings can inform clinicians about potential associations between ACEs and drug use in pregnancy within a population that they are frequently in contact with. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1,680 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008-2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34-36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results: Overall, 3.3% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample (mean age 31 years) reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2-3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0-1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions: Findings combine with others to speak to the public health significance of maternal ACEs on substance use among expectant mothers across the socioeconomic spectrum; particularly child abuse. This information, can be used by women and the clinicians serving them, to better understand the role that ACEs could play in their decision to use illicit drugs in pregnancy.

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Illicit Drug Use Among Pregnant Women Enrolled in Treatment for Cigarette Smoking Cessation

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/nts220 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 987-991 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. E. Gaalema ◽

S. T. Higgins ◽

C. S. Pepin ◽

S. H. Heil ◽

I. M. Bernstein

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Drug Use ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use

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Prevalence of illicit drug use in pregnant women in a Wisconsin private practice setting

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.023 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 211 (3) ◽

pp. 255.e1-255.e4 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Charles W. Schauberger ◽

Emily J. Newbury ◽

Jean M. Colburn ◽

Mohammed Al-Hamadani

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Private Practice ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Practice Setting

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Alcohol intake during pregnancy among parturients in southern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/1806-93042017000400003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 653-661

Author(s):

Rodrigo Dalke Meucci ◽

Janaina Salomão Saavedra ◽

Elizabet Saes da Silva ◽

Michele Avila Branco ◽

Joelma Nunes de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Late Onset ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Chisquare Test ◽

Excessive Alcohol ◽

Excessive Alcohol Intake

Abstract Objectives: to assess alcohol intake prevalence and identify associated factors among pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Methods: this was a crosssectional study which included all parturient women residing in the municipality who gave birth in 2013. Two outcomes were characterized: alcohol intake during pregnancy and excessive alcohol intake during pregnancy. In the analysis, proportions were tested using the Chisquare test, whilst Poisson regression was used in the multivariate analysis. Results: 9.4% (CI95%= 8.210.5) of the 2,685 parturient women studied reported having consumed alcohol during pregnancy, with beer being most common beverage. Following adjustment, the factors associated with alcohol intake in pregnancy were: age ≥30 years, brown skin colour, living without a partner, low schooling, tobacco smoking and illicit drug use, having had more children and late onset of prenatal care. Excessive alcohol intake was found in 12.7% (CI95%= 8.616.9) of those who reported drinking during pregnancy and the factors associated with this practice were age ≥30 years, lower schooling and illicit drug use. Conclusions: this study found high alcohol intake during the gestation period and identified women more susceptible to this practice. There is an evident need for health professionals to work on preventing and handling alcohol intake among pregnant women in the municipality

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Adverse childhood experiences are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women with middle to high socioeconomic status: findings from the All Our Families Cohort

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03591-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cheryl L. Currie ◽

Suzanne C. Tough

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use in pregnancy is reduced among women with higher socioeconomic status (SES), this assumption is not well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use in a community-based sample of pregnant women with middle to high SES. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1660 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008 and 2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34–36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results Overall, 3.1% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2–3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0–1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions Maternal ACEs were common and associated with a moderate increase in the odds of illicit drug use in pregnancy among Canadian women with middle to high SES.

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1056. At the Intersection of Drug Use, Motherhood, and Hepatitis C: An Evaluation of Our Present State

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1242 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S557-S558

Author(s):

Rebecca G Niestrath ◽

Julianne Green ◽

Claudia M Espinosa

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Drug Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Research Support ◽

Public Health Programs ◽

History Of

Abstract Background The epidemic of drug abuse has led to increased incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in young adults, including women of childbearing age. Infected pregnant women can transmit HCV vertically to their infants, and exposed infants require close follow-up. Few studies focus on illicit drug use during pregnancy in HCV positive mothers. We sought to describe rates of illicit drug use during pregnancy in a convenience cohort of infants perinatally exposed to HCV in an area with high rates of HCV and illicit drug use. Methods Infants born to HCV positive mothers in the Louisville, KY metro area and surrounding hospitals were followed at a pediatric infectious disease clinic after institution of a clinical protocol. Records of exposed infants attending the clinic between 2012 and 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Cases were identified using V01.79 (ICD9) and Z20.5 (ICD10) billing codes. Maternal information was extracted from the infant electronic medical record or the maternal record if available. Demographic and clinical information was collected using a standardized instrument. Descriptive statistics described the data and logistic regression was used to assess associations. Results A total of 505 infants attended the clinic for evaluation of perinatal exposure to HCV. Records with no information regarding maternal drug use during pregnancy were excluded, leaving 440 for analysis. Mean maternal age was 28 years (IQR 25-31), and parity 2 (IQR 1-3). The majority of mothers (89.0%, N=380) had a history of any illicit drug use and 81.1% (N=355) had a history of intravenous drug use (IVDU). Most (63.2%, N=278) reported continued illicit drug use during pregnancy. The most common drugs used during pregnancy were heroin (45.4%), THC (22.9%), and amphetamines (25.4%). Prenatal care was associated with less maternal illicit drug use during pregnancy (aOR, 0.33; p < 0.0001). Conclusion HCV positive pregnant women have high rates of prior and continued use of illicit and IVDU during pregnancy. Pregnancy represents a unique opportunity to link HCV infected women to care. Public health programs supporting these women and elimination of state restrictions to treat this population will prevent future exposures. Additional qualitative studies to identify needs for this population are needed. Disclosures Claudia M. Espinosa, MD, MSc, AstraZeneca (Speaker’s Bureau)Gilead (Grant/Research Support)Kentucky Rural Association (Consultant)Merck (Grant/Research Support)Sanofi (Consultant)

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