Changes in residual volume relative to vital capacity and total lung capacity after arthrodesis of the spine in patients who have adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
R M Smith ◽  
R A Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Capacity

STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
C. D. Cook ◽  
P. J. Helliesen ◽  
L. Kulczycki ◽  
H. Barrie ◽  
L. Friedlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Capacity

Tidal volume, respiratory rate and lung volumes have been measured in 64 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas while lung compliance and resistance were measured in 42 of these. Serial studies of lung volumes were done in 43. Tidal volume was reduced and the respiratory rate increased only in the most severely ill patients. Excluding the three patients with lobectomies, residual volume and functional residual capacity were found to be significantly increased in 46 and 21%, respectively. These changes correlated well with the roentgenographic evaluation of emphysema. Vital capacity was significantly reduced in 34% while total lung capacity was, on the average, relatively unchanged. Seventy per cent of the 61 patients had a signficantly elevated RV/TLC ratio. Lung compliance was significantly reduced in only the most severely ill patients but resistance was significantly increased in 35% of the patients studied. The serial studies of lung volumes showed no consistent trends among the groups of patients in the period between studies. However, 10% of the surviving patients showed evidence of significant improvement while 15% deteriorated. [See Fig. 8. in Source Pdf.] Although there were individual discrepancies, there was a definite correlation between the clinical evaluation and tests of respiratory function, especially the changes in residual volume, the vital capacity, RV/ TLC ratio and the lung compliance and resistance.

Response of lung volumes and ventilation to posture change and upright exercise

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hanson ◽  
Burton S. Tabakin ◽  
Edgar J. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Posture Change ◽  
Normal Males

Variations in size of the various lung volumes due to changes in body position and as a consequence of treadmill exercise were studied in five normal males. Assumption of the upright posture was associated with highly significant increases in total lung capacity, vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume as compared to resting supine values. Level walking was associated with a decrease of expiratory reserve volume, but a further expansion of residual volume. Vital capacity decreased slightly, but total lung capacity increased by virtue of the proportionately large residual volume increases. Elevation of the treadmill to 4° resulted in slight decreases in all lung volumes, total lung capacity evidencing a barely significant decline. Positional changes in ventilation are described, and on the basis of the “lung clearance index” an increased efficiency of ventilation is seen in the upright posture. Factors possibly operative in these alterations are discussed. Submitted on February 21, 1962

Previous volume history of the lung and regional distribution of residual volume

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruff ◽  
R. R. Martin ◽  
J. Milic-Emili
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collateral Ventilation

By use of 133Xe, the regional distribution of residual volume (RV) was measured in six seated healthy men, following a fast vital capacity (VC) expiration a) without and b) with a breath hold at residual volume of approximately 30 s and c) following a slow (greater than 30 s) VC expiration from total lung capacity (TLC) without a breath hold at RV. After the breath hold at RV, regional RV/TLC in the lower lung zones decreased significantly compared wih results obtained with fast expiratory VC and no breath hold at RV. At lung top the opposite was true. The distribution of regional RV/TLC was the same following the slow VC expiration with no breath hold at RV as with the fast expiration with the breath hold at RV. The different regional distribution of RV in b and c relative to a was probably due mainly to collateral ventilation, i.e., during the breath hold at RV and the slow expiration some of the gas that was trapped in the dependent lung zones behind closed airways escaped into the upper regions of the lung where the small airways had remained patent, leading to increased expansion of upper alveoli.

scholarly journals Contribution of peripheral airway function to changes in FEV1/FVC and RV/TLC with aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Htun ◽  
Alun Pope ◽  
Samir Lahzami ◽  
Darren Luo ◽  
Robin E. Schoeffel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Washout ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Gas Trapping ◽  
Peripheral Airway

Multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) indices provide insight into ventilation heterogeneity globally [lung clearance index (LCI)] and within acinar (Sacin) and conducting (Scond) airways. Normal aging leads to an accelerated deterioration of Sacin in older adults, but little is known about the contribution of peripheral airway function to changes in pulmonary function indices reflecting expiratory airflow [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC)] and gas trapping [residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC)] with aging. We aimed to examine associations between MBNW and FEV1/FVC as well as RV/TLC in healthy adults, and to determine if these relationships differ in older (≥50 yr) versus younger subjects (<50 yr). Seventy-nine healthy adult volunteers aged 23–89 yr with no cardiac or respiratory disease and a smoking history of <5 pack-years underwent spirometry, plethysmography, and MBNW. After adjustment for sex, height, and body mass index, the following relationships were present across the entire cohort: Sacin was inversely related to FEV1/FVC (R2 = 0.22, P < 0.001); Sacin and Scond were positively related to RV/TLC (R2 = 0.53, P < 0.001); on separate analyses, the relationship between Sacin and FEV1/FVC was strongest in the older group (R2 = 0.20, P = 0.003) but markedly weaker in the younger group (R2 = 0.09, P = 0.04); and Sacin and Scond were related to RV/TLC in older (R2 = 0.20, P = 0.003) but not younger subgroups. No relationships were observed between LCI and FEV1/FVC or RV/TLC. Changes in FEV1/FVC and RV/TLC are at least in part due to changes in peripheral airway function with aging. Further studies of the relationships between MBNW and standard pulmonary function indices may prove useful for their combined application and interpretation in obstructive airways disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study explores associations between multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) and standard pulmonary function indices reflecting expiratory airflow [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC)] and gas trapping [residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC)] in healthy adults across a wide range of ages. We have demonstrated statistically significant relationships between MBNW and FEV1/FVC as well as RV/TLC. These findings provide novel evidence of the contribution of peripheral airway function to changes in standard pulmonary function indices with aging.

Effects of swim training on lung volumes and inspiratory muscle conditioning

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Clanton ◽  
G. F. Dixon ◽  
J. Drake ◽  
J. E. Gadek
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Muscle Conditioning ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Residual Capacity

Lung volumes and inspiratory muscle (IM) function tests were measured in 16 competitive female swimmers (age 19 +/- 1 yr) before and after 12 wk of swim training. Eight underwent additional IM training; the remaining eight were controls. Vital capacity (VC) increased 0.25 +/- 0.25 liters (P less than 0.01), functional residual capacity (FRC) increased 0.39 +/- 0.29 liters (P less than 0.001), and total lung capacity (TLC) increased 0.35 +/- 0.47 (P less than 0.025) in swimmers, irrespective of IM training. Residual volume (RV) did not change. Maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) measured at FRC changed -43 +/- 18 cmH2O (P less than 0.005) in swimmers undergoing IM conditioning and -29 +/- 25 (P less than 0.05) in controls. The time that 65% of prestudy PImax could be endured increased in IM trainers (P less than 0.001) and controls (P less than 0.05). All results were compared with similar IM training in normal females (age 21.1 +/- 0.8 yr) in which significant increases in PImax and endurance were observed in IM trainers only with no changes in VC, FRC, or TLC (Clanton et al., Chest 87: 62–66, 1985). We conclude that 1) swim training in mature females increases VC, TLC, and FRC with no effect on RV, and 2) swim training increases IM strength and endurance measured near FRC.

scholarly journals Attenuation of induced bronchoconstriction in healthy subjects: effects of breathing depth

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco G. Salerno ◽  
Riccardo Pellegrino ◽  
Gianluca Trocchio ◽  
Antonio Spanevello ◽  
Vito Brusasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Flow Limitation ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Expiratory Flow Limitation ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

The effects of breathing depth in attenuating induced bronchoconstriction were studied in 12 healthy subjects. On four separate, randomized occasions, the depth of a series of five breaths taken soon (∼1 min) after methacholine (MCh) inhalation was varied from spontaneous tidal volume to lung volumes terminating at ∼80, ∼90, and 100% of total lung capacity (TLC). Partial forced expiratory flow at 40% of control forced vital capacity (V̇part) and residual volume (RV) were measured at control and again at 2, 7, and 11 min after MCh. The decrease in V̇part and the increase in RV were significantly less when the depth of the five-breath series was progressively increased ( P < 0.001), with a linear relationship. The attenuating effects of deep breaths of any amplitude were significantly greater on RV than V̇part ( P < 0.01) and lasted as long as 11 min, despite a slight decrease with time when the end-inspiratory lung volume was 100% of TLC. In conclusion, in healthy subjects exposed to MCh, a series of breaths of different depth up to TLC caused a progressive and sustained attenuation of bronchoconstriction. The effects of the depth of the five-breath series were more evident on the RV than on V̇part, likely due to the different mechanisms that regulate airway closure and expiratory flow limitation.

Lung volumes of singers

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley S. Heller ◽  
William R. Hicks ◽  
Walter S. Root
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Inspiratory Capacity ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Vocal Training ◽  
Professional Singers ◽  
Residual Capacity

Lung volume determinations (tidal volume, inspiratory capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, vital capacity, maximum breathing capacity, functional residual capacity, residual volume, and total lung capacity) were carried out on 16 professional singers and 21 subjects who had had no professional vocal training. No differences were found between the two groups of subjects, whether recumbent or standing, which could not be explained upon the basis of age, size, or errors involved in making the measurements. Submitted on March 24, 1959

Measurement of lung emptying patterns during slow exhalations

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1818-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Scott ◽  
H. D. Van Liew
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Maximal Volume ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Volume Difference

Five subjects slowly inhaled a 200-ml bolus of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) from residual volume (RV) followed by an O2-Ar mixture to total lung capacity, then exhaled to RV, either slowly or as rapidly as possible. Larger amounts of SF6 and N2 were recovered in fast than in slow exhalations. We calculated the gas volumes of the apical and basal halves of the parenchymal mass as functions of exhaled volume during slow exhalations from 1) the difference between SF6 recovered in slow and fast exhalations and 2) an estimate of the apex-to-base concentration profile of SF6 in the lung after inspiration. The maximal volume difference, where the apex contained 600 ml more gas than the base, occurred when 70% of the vital capacity had been exhaled. The same calculation, but using N2 data, gave unrealistically large volume differences. Apparently SF6 delivered as a bolus results in an apex-to-base gradient that is large relative to intraregional gradients, but dilution of the resident N2 by a non-N2 gas results in sizable intraregional gradients.

An isovolume method for analysis of density dependence of maximal expiratory flows

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 2115-2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rubinstein ◽  
A. W. Vanek ◽  
P. A. McClean ◽  
R. Boucher ◽  
N. Zamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
The Mean

The usual method of measuring density dependence of maximum expiratory flows is superimposition at total lung capacity or residual volume of maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves obtained breathing air and a mixture of 80% He plus 20% O2 (HeO2). A major problem with this technique is the large variability in results, which has been thought to be due to errors in matching lung volumes on both gases. Accordingly, we obtained MEFV curves breathing air and HeO2 using a bag-in-the-box system so that the curves breathing the two gas mixtures could be directly superimposed without removing the mouthpiece (isovolume). Ten healthy, nonsmoking subjects performed MEFV curves on each gas mixture for six consecutive experiments. We compared the increase in flow at 50% of vital capacity (delta Vmax50) and volume of isoflow (Viso) by superimposing and matching the MEFV curves at total lung capacity, at residual volume, and using the isovolume method. The variability of each method was assessed by the mean intersubject and intrasubject coefficients of variation. In all subjects, the mean delta Vmax50 and Viso as well as their corresponding coefficients of variation were not significantly different among the three methods. We conclude that, in healthy nonsmoking young adults, the method chosen for superimposing and matching MEFV curves has no effect on the variability of delta Vmax50 and Viso.

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