PENEKANAN PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKIT BUSUK BATANG VANILI (FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. VANILLAE) MELALUI SELEKSI ASAM FUSARAT SECARA IN VITRO

The most biological constrain on Vanilla planifolia plantation recently was caused by epidemical disease that laterdecrease vanilla production. The most important disease on vanilla is foot rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.vanillae. So far, the disease has not been successfully controlled although some experiments had been conducted. Onealternative method has been introduced by using a new cultivar which was resistance to Fusarium). A mutant vanilla to thefungus has been initiated by in vitro selection on medium containing fusaric acid. The aims of this research were: (1) to investigate effective concentration of fusaric acid used for in vitro selection, (2) to characterize mutants which have been set up and also to test those mutants for their resistance to the fungus. The results showed that: (1) fusaric acid at the concentration of 110 ppm effectively suppressed the disease intensity up to 25% compared to the concentration of 90 ppm and 100 ppm. In other words, 110 ppm of fusaric acid has increased the category criterion from moderate to resistant, (2) there was an increase of the total phenol content and thickness of lignin in vanilla stem, and (3) the protein profile of vanilla plantlet was different from the control. There was an initiation of a new band of about 18 kD in a mutant predicted as a protein which is responsible for vanilla resistance to Fusarium.

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IN VITRO SELECTION ON FUSARIC ACID OF Vanilla planifolia PLANTLETS FOR OBTAINING A CULTIVAR, WHICH RESISTANT TO Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v2i1.229 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 617 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Nurcahyani ◽

E. Suharyanto ◽

B. Hadisutrisno ◽

I. Sumardi

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

In Vitro Selection ◽

Fusaric Acid ◽

Vanilla Planifolia ◽

Foot Rot ◽

Steady Growth ◽

Callus Initiation ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Shoot Tip Explants

The most production constrain on Vanilla planifolia Andrews plantation recently has been caused by foot rot disease that later influence in decreasing the yield product. This disease is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (Fov). So far, the disease has not been successfully prohibited although some experiments had been conducted. The use of foot rot resistant cultivar has been introduced, which expected has high yield as one alternative method for controlling this disease. A resistant vanilla plantlet to Fov has been initiated by in vitro selection on MS medium containing fusaric acid (FA) on selective concentration. The purpose of research were to study and determine: 1) The proper combination of 2,4-D and NAA for callus initiation and shoot development from shoot tip explants, along with proper concentration of BAP for shoots initiation from nodal explants; 2) The FA concentration of plantlet selection tolerant to steady growth; 3) The proper concentration of FA for in vitro selection for suppressing the Fov. Results showed that: 1) the proper concentration of both combination between 2,4-D and NAA is about 2,0 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively for callus initiation and shoot development from shoot tip explants; also the BA concentration is 1,0 mg/L for shoot initiation from a nodal explants; 2) the FA tolerant concentration for plantlet selection with vanilla steady growth is between 90 ppm-110 ppm; 3) the 110 ppm of FA was effective for suppressing the Fov compared to 90 ppm and 100 ppm respectively. Keywords: Vanilla planifolia Andrews, the vanilla foot rot disease, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae, in vitro, fusaric acid

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PENGGUNAAN ASAM FUSARAT DALAM SELEKSI IN VITRO UNTUK RESISTENSI ABAKA TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v13n2.2007.64-72 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

RULLY DYAH PURWATI ◽

UNTUNG SETYO BUDI ◽

SUDARSONO SUDARSONO

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

In Vitro Selection ◽

Fusaric Acid ◽

Plantlet Regeneration ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Musa Sp ◽

Selective Agents ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRAK Penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd & Hans (Foc) merupakan penyakit yang banyak menyerang tanaman Musa sp. (termasuk abaka) dan dapat menurunkan produktivitas serat antara 20-65%. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah penggunaan klon abaka yang resisten. Seleksi in vitro dengan menggunakan agens penyeleksi asam fusarat (AF) merupakan metode yang efektif untuk memperoleh klon abaka resisten terhadap infeksi Foc. Pengkulturan kalus embriogen dan tunas abaka pada medium tunas (MT) yang mengandung berbagai konsentrasi AF digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya hambat AF. Konsentrasi sub-letal ditentukan sebagai konsentrasi yang paling tinggi menghambat proliferasi kalus embriogen dan tunas abaka. Seleksi in vitro untuk mengidentifikasi embrio somatik yang insensitif AF dilakukan dengan konsentrasi sub-letal. Setelah regenerasi dan aklimatisasi plantlet, klon abaka hasil regenerasi ditanam di rumah kaca untuk pengujian ketahanan terhadap Foc menggunakan metode detached leaf dual culture. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengevaluasi daya hambat pertumbuhan kalus embriogen abaka, (2) mengetahui konsentrasi sub-letal AF, (3) mengidentifikasi varian embrio somatik abaka yang insensitif AF melalui seleksi in vitro yang dilanjutkan dengan regenerasi plantlet, dan (4) mengevaluasi resistensi plantlet hasil regenerasi terhadap infeksi Foc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AF menghambat pertumbuhan kalus embriogen dan tunas abaka, sedangkan konsentrasi sub-letal AF adalah 50 mg/l. Dari seleksi in vitro dihasilkan 85 plantlet klon Tangongon dan 28 plantlet klon Sangihe-1 yang diregenerasikan dari embrio somatik yang insensitif AF. Genotipe asli Tangongon termasuk dalam kelompok sangat rentan terhadap infeksi Foc, sedangkan dua dari tiga varian dari klon Tangongon yang diuji menunjukkan resisten dan satu agak rentan. Pada penelitian ini, pengujian resistensi terhadap infeksi Foc varian yang berasal dari klon Sangihe-1 belum dapat dilakukan karena plantlet masih terlalu kecil sehingga belum dapat diaklimatisasi. Kata kunci: Abaka, Musa textilis Nee., penyakit, Fusarium, keragaman somaklonal, toksin cendawan, Jawa Timur ABSTRACT The usage of fusaric acid (FA) in vitro selection of abaca resistant to Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. cubense Wilt Fusarium disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd & Hans (Foc) is one of the major diseases of Musa sp. including abaca, and it could decrease 20-65% fiber productivity. One of the method to solve this problem is utilization of abaca resistant clones. In vitro selection using fusaric acid (FA) as selective agents is an effective method to produce abaca resistant clones to Foc infection. Culturing abaca embriogenic calli (EC) and shoots on MT medium containing various FA concentrations was used to determine FA inhibition effects. Sub-lethal concentration was defined as one inhibiting > 90% proliferation of abaca EC and shoots. In vitro selection to identify FA insensitive SE was conducted using FA sub-lethal concentration. Following plantlet regeneration and acclimatization, the regenerated abaca lines were grown in the glasshouse for testing against Foc using detached leaf dual culture test. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate growth inhibition of abaca EC and shoots by FA, (2) determine sub-lethal concentration of FA, (3) identify FA insensitive variants of abaca somatic embryos (SE) through in vitro selection followed by plantlet regeneration, and (4) evaluate resistance of regenerated plantlets against Foc infection. Results of the experiment showed FA inhibited abaca EC and shoots growth while sub-lethal concentration of FA was 50 mg/l. Following in vitro selection, 85 plantlets of Tangongon and 28 of Sangihe-1 were regenerated from FA insensitive SE. The original Tangongon genotype was very susceptible against Foc infection. Meanwhile, among three Foc tested lines derived from Tangongon, two lines were considered resistant and one was slightly susceptible. However, resistance against Foc of variants derived from Sangihe-1 have not been evaluated in this experiment due to the plantlets were not strong enough to be acclimatized. Key words : Manila hemp, Musa textilis Nee., pest, Fusarium, somaclonal variation, fungal toxin, East Jav

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In vitro Selection for Fusaric Acid Resistant Barley Plants

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01166.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 159-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

H. S. Chawla ◽

G. Wenzel

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Selection ◽

Fusaric Acid ◽

Selection For

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KEEFEKTIFAN FORMULA MINYAK CENGKEH DAN SERAI WANGI TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae PENYEBAB BUSUK BATANG VANILI

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v18n4.2012.143-150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

MESAK TOMBE ◽

DARMAWAN PANGERAN ◽

TRI SAPTARI HARYANI

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Soil Microorganism ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Vanilla Planifolia ◽

Green House ◽

Microorganism Population

ABSTRAK Busuk batang vanili (BBV) yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fov) merupakan patogen penting pada vanili dan menyebabkan kerugian besar setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Jumlah kerugian diperkirakan sebesar 3.000 ton atau sekitar US$ 16 juta. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Kelti Hama dan Penyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada bulan Februari 2010 sampai Agustus 2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi terhadap penyakit BBV dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kegiatan penelitian dilaku- kan dalam 3 tahap yaitu : (1) uji formula in vitro, (2) uji formula in vivo, dan (3) uji dampak formula terhadap mikroorganisme tanah. Percobaan tahap 1, 2, dan 3 masing-masing terdiri atas 10, 6, dan 6 perlakuan, dan.masing-masing disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Materi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh (formula standar), (2) formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi (formula baru), dan (3) fungisida sintetis berbahan aktif mankozeb sebagai pembanding. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa fungisida nabati CS (minyak cengkeh + serai wangi) pada ke 3 tingkatan konsentrasi (terutama konsentrasi 400 ppm) memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan miselium dan produksi spora patogen Fov.F117 dibandingkan perlakuan lain dan kontrol. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan hal yang sama bahwa fungisida nabati CS memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam menekan intensitas serangan patogen BBV, terutama pada dosis aplikasi 5 ml/l. Dampak perlakuan terhadap kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah (fungi dan bakteri) memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida sintetis mankozeb menghambat kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah 90-100% jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Populasi mikroorganisme tanah pada semua perlakuan fungisida nabati lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan fungisida mankozeb. Populasi mikroorganisme pada aplikasi fungisida nabati pada dosis 5 ml/l tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh terutama jika dikombinasikan dengan minyak serai wangi mempunyai prospek untuk digunakan dalam pengendalian penyakit BBV dengan interval aplikasi 3-4 minggu sekali. Kata kunci : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp, vanillae, busuk batang vanili, minyak cengkeh, minyak serai wangiABSTRACT Vanilla stem rot (VSR) disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fov) is an important disease on vanilla and causes severe loss annually in Indonesia. The total annual loss in production due to the VSR was estimated to be 3,000 ton or about US$ 16 million. This research was carried out in the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease of Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from February 2010 until August 2010. The objective of this research was to study the effect of formula using active compounds of clove and citronella oils on the VSR disease and its impact on the survival of soil microorganisms. The research activities were conducted in three stages, namely (1) in vitro formula test; (2) in vivo formula test, and (3) impact test of formula on the soil microorganisms. Materials studied in this research were (1) formula with active compound of clove oil (standard), (2) formula with active compound of clove and citronella oils (new formula), and (3) synthetic fungicide with mancozeb active ingredient as comparison. Every phase of this 3 stage experiment was arranged using completely randomized design with three replicates. First, second, and third phases of the experiment consisted of 10, 6, and 6 treatments, respectively. In vitro test results carried out in the laboratory indicated that botanical formula CS (clove and citronella oils of the three concentration levels, especially on the 400 ppm) showed high effectiveness on inhibiting mycelium growth and spore production of Fov.F117 pathogen compared to other treatments and control. In vivo test in the green house indicated the same result that botanical fungicide CS (clove dan citronella oils) showed high effectiveness in suppressing VSR disease infection intensity, especially on 5 ml/l dosage. Application of mancozeb synthetic fungicide inhibited 90 – 100% soil microorganism livelihood compared to control. However, the soil microorganism population on all botanical fungicides was higher than on mancozeb fungicide. The microorganism population on the botanical fungicide of 5 ml/l dosage was not significantly different from the control (natural soil with no treatment). This research indicates that aplication of botanical fungicide (combination between clove and citronella oils) with 3 - 4 weeks interval is prospectous to control VSR disease. Key words : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum, f.sp. vanillae, vanilla stem rot, clove oil, citronella oil

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Seleksi In Vitro dan Pengujian Mutan Tanaman Pisang Ambon Kuning untuk Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium

Jurnal AgroBiogen ◽

10.21082/jbio.v9n2.2013.p66-76 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Deden Sukmadjaja ◽

Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih ◽

Tri P. Priyatno

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

In Vitro Selection ◽

Fusaric Acid ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Induce Mutagenesis ◽

Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽

Basal Media ◽

Generative Phase ◽

Race 4

Fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most serious problem faced in banana cultivation in terms of plant productivity and fruit quality. Mutation breeding is one of the alternative method that can be applied in producing new banana cultivar. Mutants can be induced by chemical mutagen such as ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) followed by in vitro selection and then evaluation of the mutants to fusarium wilt disease in glasshouse and Foc infected field. The aim of this research was obtained EMS induced and in vitro selected mutants of banana var. Ambon Kuning and evaluated Foc disease resistant clones in glasshouse and Foc infected field. The first step to obtain the explants for this research was initiation and formation of multiple bud clumps (MBC) using MS basal media supplemented with 5, 10, and 20 mg/l of benzyladenin. Plant regeneration of MBC was also studied by using MS media containing 0, 0.2, and 1 mg/l of benzyladenin. To induce mutagenesis, MBC was soaked in 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% (v/v) EMS for 1, 2, and 3 hours. The assesment of resistant MBC mutants to Fusarium phytotoxin was conducted by using fusaric acid (FA) as selection agent in concentration of 30, 45, and 60 ppm. Putative mutant plants produced by in vitro selection were further tested using spore solution of Foc race 4 in glasshouse. Meanwhile, Foc resistance assesment in the infected field was conducted in Pasirkuda Experimental Station, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showed that MBC can be formed in MS basal media supplemented with 10 or 20 mg/l benzyladenin. The EMS played a role in obtaining mutants by producing 68 MBC putative mutants tolerant to Foc based on FA selection. Further evaluation in the glasshouse was obtained 64 Foc resistant plants from 391 putative mutants produced by in vitro selection. Evaluation in the Foc infected field showed six clones survived until generative phase (12 month of age).

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