The Effectiveness of Reactive Materials for Contaminant Removal in the Process of Coal Conversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-505
Author(s):  
Jacek Grabowski ◽  
Aleksandra Tokarz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barriers ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Coal Conversion ◽  
Reactive Materials ◽  
Processing Water

ABSTRACT The technology of permeable reactive barriers (PRB) is one of the most frequently developed methods for protecting soil and water from pollution. These barriers are zones filled with reactive material in which contaminants are immobilized and/or their concentration is reduced to the limit values during the flow of contaminated groundwater. This article presents a study on the efficiency of the removal of contaminants from the post-processing water from the underground coal gasification (UCG) process. The tests were carried out in a laboratory using a flow-through reactor design. The post-processing water came from a UCG experiment carried out in the Barbara mine, Mikołów, Poland. Activated coal, zeolite, and nano-iron were used as the reactive materials in the experiment. The obtained results were compared to tests carried out with reference water (artificial) with strictly defined characteristics. Research has shown that activated carbon is the most effective material used in the reaction zone for removing organic contaminants from groundwater generated during the coal conversion process. A new feature is the use of PRB in a georeactor zone during the UCG process to limit the potential risk of contamination spreading in the case of uncontrolled and unpredictable operation, in emergency situations related to gas leaks into the environment, during underground fires, and for water polluted by high-toxicity substances.

Assessment of the chemical, microbiological and toxicological aspects of post-processing water from underground coal gasification

2014 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pankiewicz-Sperka ◽  
Krzysztof Stańczyk ◽  
Grażyna A. Płaza ◽  
Jolanta Kwaśniewska ◽  
Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Processing Water

Rocky Mountain 1 Underground Coal Gasification Test: In-Situ Coal Conversion Using Directionally Drilled Wells

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.W. Gash ◽  
V.L. Hill ◽  
S.P. Barone ◽  
J.W. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Coal Conversion

scholarly journals Application of permeable reactive barriers near roads for chloride ions removal

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Fronczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Pawluk ◽  
Marta Michniak
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barriers ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Reactive Materials ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Reactive Barriers

Application of permeable reactive barriers near roads for chloride ions removal One of the most critical sources of pollutants are road run-offs. Road run-off is a complex mixture of toxicants e.g. heavy metals, de-icing agents, organic compounds and water suspensions of solid substances. One of the most negative impact on the environment has sodium chloride which is used as de-icing agent. In the case of incorrect environment protection in the vicinity of roads pollutants may migrate to groundwater causing hazard to sources of potable water. One of the methods to prevent the migration of pollutants to groundwater is imposing the flow of polluted water through a reactive material filling a permeable reactive barrier (PRB). This paper examines the feasibility of selected reactive materials for the reduction chlorides concentration in road run-offs. Four different reactive materials: zero valent-iron, activated carbon, zeolite and geza rock have been chosen for studies. The tests results indicated that the most popular reactive materials used in PRB technology, activated carbon and zero-valent iron, removed exhibited the highest efficiency in chloride ions removal. Moreover, the composition of road run-off in samples collected along roads in Warsaw was determinated.

scholarly journals Selection of material suitable for permeable reactive barriers in the vicinity of landfills

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Fronczyk ◽  
Kazimierz Garbulewski
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barriers ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reactive Materials ◽  
Reactive Barriers ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of material suitable for permeable reactive barriers in the vicinity of landfills This paper focuses on the criteria proposed for the selection of reactive materials suitable for permeable reactive barriers surrounding waste disposal sites. The criteria were divided into three groups: hydraulic, mechanical and sorption. Hydraulic and sorption criteria are equivalents and complementary to one another in the process of reactive material selection. Only a material that fulfills both criteria should be used. The third criterion — mechanical — that is related to the deformation and strength properties of the reactive material should be considered in designing the technology and evaluation of safety conditions.

IN-SITU TREATMENT OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATED WITH UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION PRODUCTS / OCZYSZCZANIE IN-SITU WÓD PODZIEMNYCH ZANIECZYSZCZONYCH PRZEZ PRODUKTY PODZIEMNEGO ZGAZOWANIA WĘGLA

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1263-1278
Author(s):  
Tomasz Suponik ◽  
Marcin Lutyński
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Scrap Iron ◽  
Granulated Activated Carbon

Abstract In the paper the contaminants that may be generated in Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) process were listed and include mainly mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, heavy metals, cyanides, ammonium, chloride and sulphate. As a method of UCG contaminated groundwater treatment a Permeable Reactive Barrier technology was proposed. To assess the effectiveness of this technology two tests were carried out. Granulated activated carbon (GAC) and zeolite, and granulated activated carbon and scrap iron were applied in the first and second test respectively. For these materials the hydro geological parameters called reactive material parameters were determined and discussed. The results of the experiments showed that GAC seems to be the most effective material for phenols, BTX, PAH, cyanides and slightly lowers ammonia removal, while zeolites and scrap iron removed free cyanide, ammonia and heavy metals respectively.

Prediction of feasible synthesis gas compositions at three European coal deposits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Otto ◽  
Thomas Kempka
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Coal Conversion ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
In Situ Conditions

<p>In the present study, we apply our validated stoichiometric equilibrium model [1], based on direct minimisation of Gibbs free energy, to predict the synthesis gas compositions produced by in-situ coal conversion at three European coal deposits. The applied modelling approach is computationally efficient and allows to predict synthesis gas compositions and calorific values under various operating and geological boundary conditions, including varying oxidant and coal compositions. Three European coal deposits are assessed, comprising the South Wales Coalfield (United Kingdom), the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland) and the Ruhr District (Germany). The stoichiometric equilibrium models were first validated on the basis of laboratory experiments undertaken at two different operating pressures by [2] and available literature data [3]. Then, the models were adapted to site-specific hydrostatic pressure conditions to enable an extrapolation of the synthesis gas composition to in-situ pressure conditions. Our simulation results demonstrate that changes in the synthesis gas composition follow the expected trends for preferential production of specific gas components at increased pressures, known from the literature, emphasising that a reliable methodology for estimations of synthesis gas compositions for different in-situ conditions has been established. The presented predictive approach can be integrated with techno-economic models [4] to assess the technical and economic feasibility of in-situ coal conversion at selected study areas as well as of biomass and waste to synthesis gas conversion projects.</p><p><span>[</span><span>1] </span><span>Otto, C.; Kempka, T. Synthesis Gas Composition Prediction for Underground Coal Gasification Using a Thermochemical Equilibrium Modeling Approach. </span><em><span>Energies</span></em> <span><strong>2020</strong></span><span>, </span><em><span>13</span></em><span>, 1171.</span></p><p>[2] Kapusta et al., 2020</p><p>[3] Kempka et al., 2011</p><p>[4] Nakaten and Kempka, 2019</p>

Organic contaminants in groundwater near an underground coal gasification site in northeastern Wyoming

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Stuermer ◽  
Douglas J. Ng ◽  
Clarence J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification

Analysis of the organic contaminants in the condensate produced in the in situ underground coal gasification process

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Smoliński ◽  
Krzysztof Stańczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Kapusta ◽  
Natalia Howaniec
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Process Stage ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Benzene Toluene

Addressing the environmental risks related to contamination of groundwater with the phenolics, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which might be potentially released from the underground coal gasification (UCG) under adverse hydrogeological and/or operational conditions, is crucial in terms of wider implementation of the process. The aim of this study was to determine the main organic pollutants present in the process condensate generated during the UCG trial performed on hard coal seam in the Experimental Mine ‘Barbara’, Poland; 8,933 L of condensate was produced in 813 h of experiment duration (including 456 h of the post-process stage) with average phenolics, BTEX and PAH concentrations of 576,000, 42.3 and 1,400.5 μg/L, respectively. The Hierarchical Clustering Analysis was used to explore the differences and similarities between the samples. The sample collected during the first 48 h of the process duration was characterized by the lowest phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene contents, high xylene content and the highest concentrations of phenolics, benzene, toluene and ethyl benzene. The samples collected during the stable operation of the UCG process were characterized by higher concentrations of naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, while in the samples acquired in the post-process stage the lowest concentrations of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, acenaphthene and fluorene were observed.

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