Laboratory Measurements and Numerical Modeling of Streaming Potential for Downhole Monitoring in Intelligent Wells

SPE Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 625-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D.. D. Jackson ◽  
J.. Vinogradov ◽  
J.H.. H. Saunders ◽  
M.Z.. Z. Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Electrical Potentials ◽  
Seawater Salinity ◽  
Intelligent Wells ◽  
Downhole Monitoring

Summary Downhole monitoring of streaming potential, using electrodes mounted on the outside of insulated casing, is a promising new technology for monitoring water encroachment toward an intelligent well. However, there are still significant uncertainties associated with the interpretation of the measurements, particularly concerning the streaming potential coupling coefficient. This is a key petrophysical property that dictates the magnitude of the streaming potential for a given fluid potential. We present the first measured values of streaming potential coupling coefficient in sandstones saturated with natural and artificial brines relevant to oilfield conditions at higher-than-seawater salinity. We find that the coupling coefficient in quartz-rich sandstones is independent of sample type and brine composition as long as surface electrical conductivity is small. The coupling coefficient is small in magnitude, but still measurable, even when the brine salinity approaches the saturated concentration limit. Consistent results are obtained from two independent experimental setups, using specially designed electrodes and paired pumping experiments to eliminate spurious electrical potentials. We apply the new experimental data in a numerical model to predict the streaming potential signal that would be measured at a well during production. The results suggest that measured signals should be resolvable above background noise in most hydrocarbon reservoirs. Furthermore, water encroaching on a well could be monitored while it is several tens to hundreds of meters away. This contrasts with most other downhole monitoring techniques, which sample only the region immediately adjacent to the wellbore. Our results raise the novel prospect of an oil field in which the wells can detect the approach of water and can respond appropriately.

Measurements of Streaming Potential for Downhole Monitoring in Intelligent Wells

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zaidi Jaafar ◽  
Matthew David Jackson ◽  
Jon Saunders ◽  
Jan Vinogradov ◽  
Christopher C. Pain
Keyword(s):  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Intelligent Wells ◽  
Downhole Monitoring

Measurement Of Streaming Potential Coupling Coefficient On Carbonate Rocks For Downhole Monitoring In Smart Wells

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zaidi Jaafar ◽  
Ali Pourbasirat
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Smart Wells ◽  
Downhole Monitoring ◽  
Downhole Sensors

Telaga pintar merujuk kepada telaga yang mengandungi downhole sensors dan injap kawalan aliran masuk (ICV) yang dipasang pada tiub pengeluaran. Telaga ini membenarkan pengendali untuk merekodkan kadar aliran bendalir, suhu dan tekanan yang berterusan semasa pengeluaran. Baru–baru ini, pengukuran streaming potential dalam telaga pintar telah dicadangkan untuk memantau pencerobohan air. Walau bagaimanapun, masih terdapat ketidakpastian yang signifikan yang dikaitkan dengan tafsiran ukuran, terutamanya mengenai pekali gandingan streaming potential. Ini adalah ciri petrofizik utama yang menentukan magnitud streaming potential untuk potensi bendalir yang tertentu. Magnitud streaming potential pada asasnya berkait dengan kadar aliran bendalir, sifat–sifat bendalir (khususnya kemasinan), dan sifat–sifat matriks batuan. Pekali gandingan telah diukur secara uji kaji dalam teras batu pasir yang tepu dengan kemasinan air garam yang berbeza, tetapi sangat sedikit hasil ujikaji telah diterbitkan bagi batuan karbonat. Bilangan reservor karbonat yang besar di seluruh dunia menyarankan bahawa pengukuran streaming potential dalam batuan karbonat juga penting. Dalam kajian ini, kami kemukakan nilai pekali gandingan streaming potential bagi batu karbonat yang tepu dengan berbagai kemasinan air garam. Seperti yang kami jangkakan, streaming potential bagi teras itu adalah kecil tetapi masih boleh diukur, dan kemasinan yang lebih tinggi memberikan pekali gandingan streaming potential yang lebih kecil. Keputusan yang diperolehi adalah konsisten hasil penggunaan elektrod yang direka khas dan ujikaji pam berpasangan untuk menghapuskan potensi elektrik palsu. Kami mendapati bahawa pekali gandingan streaming potential di dalam batu karbonat adalah lebih rendah berbanding dengan yang ada di teras batu pasir yang ditepukan dengan kemasinan air garam yang sama. Pemerhatian ini boleh dijelaskan dengan membandingkan perbezaan titik caj sifar (pzc) di antara kedua–dua jenis batu. Secara kualitatif, hasil ujikaji menunjukkan bahawa pengukuran streaming potential boleh digunakan untuk memantau pencerobohan air di dalam reservor karbonat, sama seperti ia digunakan untuk reservor batu pasir. Kata kunci: Streaming potential; elektrokinetik; pemantauan bawah telaga; telaga pintar; water encroachment; kawalan pengeluaran air; batu karbonat Smart wells refer to wells containing downhole sensors and inflow control valves (ICV) mounted on the production tubing. These wells allow the operator to record fluid flow rates, temperature and pressure incessantly. Recently, streaming potential measurement in smart wells has been proposed to monitor water encroachment. However, there are still significant uncertainties associated with the interpretation of the measurements, particularly concerning the streaming potential coupling coefficient. This is a key petrophysical property that dictates the magnitude of the streaming potential for a given fluid potential. Streaming potential magnitude is basically related to the fluid flow rate, fluid properties (particularly salinity), and the rock matrix properties. The coupling coefficient has been measured experimentally in sandstone cores saturated with different brine salinities, but very little works have been published on carbonate rocks. The huge number of carbonate reservoirs around the world suggests that measurement of streaming potential in carbonate rocks is also important. In this study, we present value of streaming potential coupling coefficient in a carbonate rock saturated with various salinities of brine. As we expected, streaming potential in such core is small but measurable and higher salinity gives smaller streaming potential coupling coefficient. Consistent results are obtained using specially designed electrodes and paired pumping experiments to eliminate spurious electrical potentials. We noticed that streaming potential coupling coefficient in carbonate rock is lower compared to the one in sandstone cores saturated with the same salinity of brine. This observation could be explained by comparing the difference in Point of zero charges (pzc) between those two types of rock. Qualitatively, the result suggests that measurements of streaming potential could be applied for monitoring water encroachment in carbonate reservoirs, in the same manner it is applied for sandstones reservoirs. Key words: Streaming potential; electrokinetics; downhole monitoring; intelligent wells; water encroachment; produced water control; carbonate rocks

The Determination of Electrokinetic Coupling-Coefficient and Zeta Potential of Rock Samples by Electrokinetic Measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1870-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Heng Shan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Surface Conductivity ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Surface Conductance ◽  
Streaming Current ◽  
Low Concentrations

The electrokinetic effects are important in the understanding of electric properties in porous medium. In this study, the streaming potential and streaming current of saturated samples are measured at different concentrations, then three methods are applied to obtain the zeta-potential and electrokinetic coupling coefficient. The study shows that the results obtained from streaming potential and streaming current methods agree well with each other, but the results obtained from simplified streaming potential method become seriously inaccurate at low concentrations due to the influence of surface conductance. This experimental study also provides a reliable estimate of the surface conductivity and its contribution to zeta-potential at given concentrations.

Streaming potential coupling coefficient in unsaturated carbonate rocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cerepi ◽  
A. Cherubini ◽  
B. Garcia ◽  
H. Deschamps ◽  
A. Revil
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Streaming Potential

Tutorial: A Century of Sidewall Coring Evolution and Challenges, From Shallow Land to Deep Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-243
Author(s):  
Charlie Jackson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
High Power ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Core Recovery ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Drill Bits ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Diameter Core ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Downhole Monitoring

Due to the high cost of conventional coring operations, rotary sidewall coring has become increasingly important, particularly for deepwater operations. The rig costs, operational challenges, and amount of time involved to core wells below 30,000 ft are considerable, even for wireline operations. As wells get deeper, formation pressures will exceed 30,000 psi, and differential pressures can exceed 10,000 psi, which will eclipse the capabilities of traditional rotary coring tools. New technology has been introduced to enhance the recovery of rotary sidewall cores to improve operations and capabilities on these challenging wells that will be the primary subject of this paper. This new technology can also enhance coring operations and reliability for land and other offshore operations, in addition to deep water. New improvements and challenges include: * Reliable 1.5-in.-diameter core samples, with a 35,000-psi-rated tool * New high-powered coring tools with enhanced energy to address cutting Lower Tertiary wellcemented formations (Wilcox, Lower Miocene, etc.) * Higher torque and horsepower at the bit to enhance cutting and prevent stalling when coring * High-powered surface systems along with highstrength and high-power wireline cables * Upgrades to address high temperatures, highdifferential pressures, high-mud viscosity, large (24 in.) boreholes, and improved reliability * New drill bits and catcher rings to use a high-power system and operate in harsh coring environments * New cutting, retrieval, and core handling advancements for reliability in hard, consolidated formations * Combinability upgrades to reduce wireline trips and reduce rig costs for coring * Dual-coring tools with the ability to have different catcher rings and bits downhole simultaneously on a single run, along with tool redundancy downhole for improved reliability * Combination of rotary coring and formation sampling operations to obtain formation pressures, fluid samples, and rotary sidewall cores on a single run * Downhole monitoring of the coring operation, which includes drilling functions like torque, bit force, penetration rate, core bit penetration, and recovered core length, along with tool orientation * Core recovery information to enable 100% core verification downhole, so extra cores are not cut unnecessarily during the job, with individual core plugs measured and verified downhole * A unique method to seal the cores in a pressurecompensated coring tube downhole to capture all the formation fluids in the rock in downhole conditions * Complete rotary coring downhole operations can be monitored remotely for offsite interaction during the coring operation Besides reviewing historical coring tools and techniques, new technology is also discussed in more detail. The new technology starts with the introduction of the 1.5-in.-diameter rotary sidewall coring tools for deep water over a decade ago. Many applications and technologies are presented to show their effectiveness for deepwater operations. The successful examples include acquiring 1.5-in. cores in large boreholes, hard formations, deep wells, high-differential pressures, and extreme hydrostatic pressure. There are also examples of new technology available for future operations, including dual coring, combination coring, and sealed pressurized coring.

scholarly journals Streaming Potential Coupling Coefficient and Transport Properties of Unsaturated Carbonate Rocks

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 180030 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cherubini ◽  
B. Garcia ◽  
A. Cerepi ◽  
A. Revil
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Streaming Potential

scholarly journals Forward Modeling and validation of a new formulation to compute self-potential signals associated with ground water flow

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1661-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bolève ◽  
A. Revil ◽  
F. Janod ◽  
J. L. Mattiuzzo ◽  
A. Jardani
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Seepage Velocity ◽  
Streaming Current ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Self Potential

Abstract. The classical formulation of the coupled hydroelectrical flow in porous media is based on a linear formulation of two coupled constitutive equations for the electrical current density and the seepage velocity of the water phase and obeying Onsager's reciprocity. This formulation shows that the streaming current density is controlled by the gradient of the fluid pressure of the water phase and a streaming current coupling coefficient that depends on the so-called zeta potential. Recently a new formulation has been introduced in which the streaming current density is directly connected to the seepage velocity of the water phase and to the excess of electrical charge per unit pore volume in the porous material. The advantages of this formulation are numerous. First this new formulation is more intuitive not only in terms of establishing a constitutive equation for the generalized Ohm's law but also in specifying boundary conditions for the influence of the flow field upon the streaming potential. With the new formulation, the streaming potential coupling coefficient shows a decrease of its magnitude with permeability in agreement with published results. The new formulation has been extended in the inertial laminar flow regime and to unsaturated conditions with applications to the vadose zone. This formulation is suitable to model self-potential signals in the field. We investigate infiltration of water from an agricultural ditch, vertical infiltration of water into a sinkhole, and preferential horizontal flow of ground water in a paleochannel. For the three cases reported in the present study, a good match is obtained between finite element simulations performed and field observations. Thus, this formulation could be useful for the inverse mapping of the geometry of groundwater flow from self-potential field measurements.

New Technology for Flow Assurance in an Extra Heavy Oil Field: Case Study in the Akacias Field

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Javier Chaustre Ruiz ◽  
John Jairo Ibagon ◽  
Elkin Alberto Leon Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Field Case

scholarly journals Research on Property of Multicomponent Thickening Water Fracturing Fluid and Application in Low Permeability Oil Reservoirs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengli Zhang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Guoliang Song
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Fracture Conductivity ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Guar ◽  
Actual Production

The clean fracturing fluid, thickening water, is a new technology product, which promotes the advantages of clean fracturing fluid to the greatest extent and makes up for the deficiency of clean fracturing fluid. And it is a supplement to the low permeability reservoir in fracturing research. In this paper, the study on property evaluation for the new multicomponent and recoverable thickening fracturing fluid system (2.2% octadecyl methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium bromide (OHDAB) +1.4% dodecyl sulfonate sodium +1.8% potassium chloride and 1.6% organic acids) and guar gum fracturing fluid system (hydroxypropyl guar gum (HGG)) was done in these experiments. The proppant concentration (sand/liquid ratio) at static suspended sand is up to 30% when the apparent viscosity of thickening water is 60 mPa·s, which is equivalent to the sand-carrying capacity of guar gum at 120 mPa·s. When the dynamic sand ratio is 40%, the fracturing fluid is not layered, and the gel breaking property is excellent. Continuous shear at room temperature for 60 min showed almost no change in viscosity. The thickening fracturing fluid system has good temperature resistance performance in medium and low temperature formations. The fracture conductivity of thickening water is between 50.6 μm2·cm and 150.4 μm2·cm, and the fracture conductivity damage rate of thickening water is between 8.9% and 17.9%. The fracture conductivity conservation rate of thickening water is more than 80% closing up of fractures, which are superior to the guar gum fracturing fluid system. The new wells have been fractured by thickening water in A block of YC low permeability oil field. It shows that the new type thickening water fracturing system is suitable for A block and can be used in actual production. The actual production of A block shows that the damage of thickening fracturing fluid is low, and the long retention in reservoir will not cause great damage to reservoir.

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