Spatial epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and rodent hantavirus infection in Guangzhou city, China: lessons learned from a study with long-term surveillance data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehao Chen ◽  
Shouyi Chen ◽  
Song Liang ◽  
Jianmin Xu ◽  
Zhicong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern ◽  
Period Prevalence ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Though Guangzhou city is not a region with a high burden of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) comparing with other areas in China, outbreaks still occur in the city due to the existence of urban rodents and a large urban population at risk. In this study, descriptive temporal analysis and geographic information system (GIS)-based spatial analysis were performed on reported HFRS cases and rodent surveys with the goals of identifying risk areas for public health interventions and presenting the methods and outcomes of the surveillance that can be studied by similar urban settings. Methods: Period prevalence and the number of positive cases at different geographical scales of the city during 2008-2016 were calculated and summarized based on HFRS and rodent-borne disease surveillance data. Spatial point pattern analyses were conducted to describe global and local clustering effects of different measurements of human HFRS and rodent hantavirus at old-town and whole-city levels. Results: Geographical distributions of HFRS cases and traps with hantavirus antibody-carrying rodents from 2008 to 2016 were mapped at the city and old-district levels in the aspect of the crude number of positive cases and period prevalence. The weighted K-function suggested that no global clustering effect existed for both the rodent and human cases in different scales of the city. Using Gi*(d) statistic, 22 significant local clusters of high infection (P<0.05) with different radius were discovered for the human and rodent surveillance data, and a zoonotic link was built based on the overlay of clusters of the two species. Also, the seasonal occurrence of HFRS presented a summer peak in the city. Conclusion: The applications of descriptive temporal analysis, GIS and spatial point pattern analysis, offer ways to quantify zoonotic hantavirus risks across different times and spatial scales and to further recognize putative environmental determinants potentially influential in increased disease risks. The study also fills information gaps about hantavirus surveillance in the non-endemic region, and the methods used for rodent survey in China for controlling HFRS, which is not well documented.

scholarly journals ECOLOGY OF CRIME IN URBAN AND SUBURBAN AREA – SPATIAL PATTERNS OF CRIME IN NIS (SERBIA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 037
Author(s):  
Dušan Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern Test ◽  
Crime Pattern

Ecological perspective in criminology has been introduced with the cartographic school at the beginning of criminology science. Ecology theory of crime has been developed in the city of Chicago and it is followed by the routine activity theory, crime pattern theory, and rational choice theory. The impact of the ecological theory in research of crime is noticeable in today's studies too. Modern scientists, researchers, and practitioners are studying crime using the geographic information system, mapping crime, using statistical and geostatistical methods. With the aim to study spatial patterns of crime, empirical research of the poverty and violent criminal acts committed in the City of Nis, Republic of Serbia, during the years 2008, 2013 and 2018. All the cases are geocoded into spatial units that represent urban and suburban areas in Nis. A descriptive statistic is used to identify areas where crime happens the most. The application of Andersen’s Spatial Point Pattern Test is used to check the hypothesis that spatial crime pattern is stable over time. This hypothesis is not confirmed and it is found that crime move from the city core towards cities’ urban and suburban settlements. The results from the empirical research are of scientific and practical value. This kind of spatial analysis is one of the first in Serbia and Balkans, and the application of the Spatial Point Pattern Test is very first in this region. The results could be useful when creating security strategies and policies to prevent crime by the police, decision-makers, and others.

scholarly journals Spatial point-pattern analysis as a powerful tool in identifying pattern-process relationships in plant ecology: an updated review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Ben-Said
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern Analysis

Abstract Background Ecological processes such as seedling establishment, biotic interactions, and mortality can leave footprints on species spatial structure that can be detectable through spatial point-pattern analysis (SPPA). Being widely used in plant ecology, SPPA is increasingly carried out to describe biotic interactions and interpret pattern-process relationships. However, some aspects are still subjected to a non-negligible debate such as required sample size (in terms of the number of points and plot area), the link between the low number of points and frequently observed random (or independent) patterns, and relating patterns to processes. In this paper, an overview of SPPA is given based on rich and updated literature providing guidance for ecologists (especially beginners) on summary statistics, uni-/bi-/multivariate analysis, unmarked/marked analysis, types of marks, etc. Some ambiguities in SPPA are also discussed. Results SPPA has a long history in plant ecology and is based on a large set of summary statistics aiming to describe species spatial patterns. Several mechanisms known to be responsible for species spatial patterns are actually investigated in different biomes and for different species. Natural processes, plant environmental conditions, and human intervention are interrelated and are key drivers of plant spatial distribution. In spite of being not recommended, small sample sizes are more common in SPPA. In some areas, periodic forest inventories and permanent plots are scarce although they are key tools for spatial data availability and plant dynamic monitoring. Conclusion The spatial position of plants is an interesting source of information that helps to make hypotheses about processes responsible for plant spatial structures. Despite the continuous progress of SPPA, some ambiguities require further clarifications.

scholarly journals Analysis of conditional colocalization relationships and hierarchies from three-color microscopy images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Vega-Lugo ◽  
Bruno da Rocha-Azevedo ◽  
Aparajita Dasgupta ◽  
Nicolas Touret ◽  
Khuloud Jaqaman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Cellular Context ◽  
Microscopy Images

Colocalization is a cornerstone approach in cell biology for the analysis of multicolor microscopy images. It provides information on the localization of molecules within various subcellular compartments and allows the interrogation of molecular interactions in their spatiotemporal cellular context. However, the overwhelming majority of colocalization analyses are designed for two-color microscopy images, which limits their applicability and the type of information that they may reveal, leading to underutilization of multicolor microscopy images. Here we describe an approach for analyzing the colocalization relationships between three molecular entities, termed 'conditional colocalization analysis,' based on spatial point pattern analysis of detected objects in microscopy images. Going beyond the question of whether colocalization is present or not, it addresses the question of whether the colocalization between two molecular entities is influenced, positively or negatively, by their respective colocalization with a third entity. We showcase two applications of conditional colocalization analysis, one addressing the question of the compartmentalization of molecular interactions, and one investigating the hierarchy of molecular interactions in a multimolecular complex. The software for conditional colocalization analysis is freely accessible online at https://github.com/kjaqaman/conditionalColoc.

scholarly journals Investigate human responses to Late-Holocene changes of fluvial landforms through Spatial Point Pattern Analysis (Po Plain, N Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Brandolini ◽  
Francesco Carrer
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Settlement Strategies ◽  
Alluvial Geomorphology

&lt;p&gt;In fluvial environments, alluvial geomorphological features had a huge influence on settlement strategies during the Holocene. However, a few projects investigate this topic through quantitative and question-driven analyses of the human-landscape correlation. The Po Valley (N Italy) &amp;#8211; located between the Mediterranean regions and continental Europe &amp;#8211; is as a key area for the investigation of environmental and cultural influences on settlement strategies since prehistoric times. For instance, the transition from Roman to Medieval times represented a crucial moment for the reorganisation of human settlement strategies in the Po Valley; the process was mainly driven by climate changes and socio-political factors. Spatial Point Pattern Analysis (SPPA) was here employed to provide a solid statistical assessment of these dynamics in the two historical phases. A point pattern (PP) corresponds to the location of spatial events generated by a stochastic process within a bounded region. The density of the PP is proportional to the intensity of the underlying process. The intensity, in turn, can be constant within the region or spatially variable, thus influencing the uniformity of distribution of spatial events. SPPA provides powerful techniques for the statistical analysis of PP data that consist of a complete set of locations of archaeological sites/findings within an observation window. The use of spatial covariates enables the investigation of environmental and non-environmental factors influencing the spatial homogeneity of the point process. Archaeologists have increasingly analyzed such datasets to quantify the characteristics of observed spatial patterns with the aims of deriving hypotheses on the underlying processes or testing hypotheses derived from archaeological theory. The aim of this paper is to assess whether a shift in water management strategies between the Roman and Medieval periods influenced the spatial distribution of settlements, and to evaluate the relative importance of agricultural suitability over flood risks in each historical phase. In particular, the variability settlement patterns between Roman and Medieval phases has been assessed against two related proxies for alluvial geomorphology and agricultural suitability: flood hazard and soil texture. The SPPA performed shows that Roman and Medieval settlement patterns mirror two different human responses to the geomorphological dynamics of the area. Roman land- and water-management were able to minimize the flood hazard, to drain the floodplain and organize a complex land use on different soil types. In the Medieval period, the alluvial geomorphology of the area, characterised by wide swampy meadows and frequent flood events, affected the spatial organisation of settlement, which privileged topographically prominent positions. Social and cultural dynamics played a crucial role in responding to alluvial geomorphological environmental challenges in different times.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Spatial point pattern analysis of urban retail stores: the case of twelve large- and medium-sized Greek cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-63
Author(s):  
Michail-Christos TSOUTSOS ◽  
◽  
Yorgos Photis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern Analysis

The retailers’ profitability and the consumers’ satisfaction depend on finding the optimal location for a retail store. When considering the stores’ spatial distribution, business potential can be understood and a squandering planning of resources can be avoided. In this paper we identify the spatial patterns of retail stores located in the traditional commercial centers of twelve large -and medium-sized Greek cities, aiming to explain why such patterns exist. The type of retail activities was determined using the image of the ground-floor stores provided by the Google Street View (GSV) service and thus 7322 stores were recorded in a geodatabase as point features. The results reveal that the retail stores’ distribution has a clustered and random spatial pattern at least in one city, where the high population density and the increase in rental prices of premises for professional activities constitute the factors that form these spatial patterns respectively.

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