scholarly journals A Probabilistic Approach for Economic Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Interventions: A Case Study of Silica Exposure Reduction Interventions in the Construction Sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirabbas Mofidi ◽  
Emile Tompa ◽  
SeyedBagher Mortazavi ◽  
Akbar Esfahanipour ◽  
Paul A. Demers
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Probabilistic Modeling ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Expected Cost ◽  
Silica Exposure ◽  
Exposure Reduction ◽  
Modeling Approach

Abstract Background: Construction workers are at a high risk of exposure to various types of hazardous substances such as crystalline silica. Though multiple studies indicate the evidence regarding the effectiveness of different silica exposure reduction interventions in the construction sector, the decisions for selecting a specific silica exposure reduction intervention are best informed by an economic evaluation. Economic evaluation of interventions is subjected to uncertainties in practice, mostly due to the lack of precise data on important variables. In this study, we aim to identify the most cost-beneficial silica exposure reduction intervention for the construction sector under uncertain situation. Methods: We apply a probabilistic modeling approach that covers a large number of variables relevant to the cost of lung cancer, as well as the costs of silica exposure reduction interventions. To estimate the societal lifetime cost of lung cancer, we use an incidence cost approach. To estimate the net benefit of each intervention, we compare the expected cost of lung cancer cases averted, with expected cost of implementation of the intervention in one calendar year. Sensitivity analysis is used to quantify how different variables effects interventions net benefit.Results: A positive net benefit is expected for all considered interventions. The highest number of lung cancer cases are averted by combined use of wet method, local exhaust ventilation and personal protective equipment, about 107 cases, with expected net benefit of $45.9 million. Results also suggest that the level of exposure is an important determinant for the selection of the most cost-beneficial intervention.Conclusions: This study provides important insights for decision makers about silica exposure reduction interventions in the construction sector. It also provides an overview of the potential advantages of using probabilistic modeling approach to undertake economic evaluations, particularly when researchers are confronted with a large number of uncertain variables.

scholarly journals A Probabilistic Approach for Economic Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Interventions: A Case Study of Silica Exposure Reduction Interventions in the Construction Sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirabbas Mofidi ◽  
Emile Tompa ◽  
SeyedBagher Mortazavi ◽  
Akbar Esfahanipour ◽  
Paul A. Demers
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Probabilistic Modeling ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Expected Cost ◽  
Silica Exposure ◽  
Exposure Reduction ◽  
Modeling Approach

Abstract Background: Construction workers are at a high risk of exposure to various types of hazardous substances such as crystalline silica. Though multiple studies indicate the evidence regarding the effectiveness of different silica exposure reduction interventions in the construction sector, the decisions for selecting a specific silica exposure reduction intervention are best informed by an economic evaluation. Economic evaluation of interventions is subjected to uncertainties in practice, mostly due to the lack of precise data on important variables. In this study, we aim to identify the most cost-beneficial silica exposure reduction intervention for the construction sector under uncertain situation. Methods: We apply a probabilistic modeling approach that covers a large number of variables relevant to the cost of lung cancer, as well as the costs of silica exposure reduction interventions. To estimate the societal lifetime cost of lung cancer, we use an incidence cost approach. To estimate the net benefit of each intervention, we compare the expected cost of lung cancer cases averted, with expected cost of implementation of the intervention in one calendar year. Sensitivity analysis is used to quantify how different variables effects interventions net benefit. Results: A positive net benefit is expected for all considered interventions. The highest number of lung cancer cases are averted by combined use of wet method, local exhaust ventilation and personal protective equipment, about 107 cases, with expected net benefit of $45.9 million. Results also suggest that the level of exposure is an important determinant for the selection of the most cost-beneficial intervention. Conclusions: This study provides important insights for decision makers about silica exposure reduction interventions in the construction sector. It also provides an overview of the potential advantages of using probabilistic modeling approach to undertake economic evaluations, particularly when researchers are confronted with a large number of uncertain variables.

scholarly journals A Probabilistic Approach for Economic Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Interventions: A Case Study of Silica Exposure Reduction Interventions in the Construction Sector

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirabbas Mofidi ◽  
Emile Tompa ◽  
SeyedBagher Mortazavi ◽  
Akbar Esfahanipour ◽  
Paul A. Demers
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Probabilistic Modeling ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Expected Cost ◽  
Silica Exposure ◽  
Exposure Reduction ◽  
Modeling Approach

Abstract Background: Construction workers are at a high risk of exposure to various types of hazardous substances such as crystalline silica. Though multiple studies indicate the evidence regarding the effectiveness of different silica exposure reduction interventions in the construction sector, the decisions for selecting a specific silica exposure reduction intervention are best informed by an economic evaluation. Economic evaluation of interventions is subjected to uncertainties in practice, mostly due to the lack of precise data on important variables. In this study, we aim to identify the most cost-beneficial silica exposure reduction intervention for the construction sector under uncertain situation. Methods: We apply a probabilistic modeling approach that covers a large number of variables relevant to the cost of lung cancer, as well as the costs of silica exposure reduction interventions. To estimate the societal lifetime cost of lung cancer, we use an incidence cost approach. To estimate the net benefit of each intervention, we compare the expected cost of lung cancer cases averted, with expected cost of implementation of the intervention in one calendar year. Sensitivity analysis is used to quantify how different variables effects interventions net benefit. Results: A positive net benefit is expected for all considered interventions. The highest number of lung cancer cases are averted by combined use of wet method, local exhaust ventilation and personal protective equipment, about 107 cases, with expected net benefit of $45.9 million. Results also suggest that the level of exposure is an important determinant for the selection of the most cost-beneficial intervention. Conclusions: This study provides important insights for decision makers about silica exposure reduction interventions in the construction sector. It also provides an overview of the potential advantages of using probabilistic modeling approach to undertake economic evaluations, particularly when researchers are confronted with a large number of uncertain variables.

scholarly journals A Probabilistic Approach for Economic Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Interventions: A Case Study of Silica Exposure Reduction Interventions in the Construction Sector

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirabbas Mofidi ◽  
Emile Tompa ◽  
SeyedBagher Mortazavi ◽  
Akbar Esfahanipour ◽  
Paul A. Demers
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Probabilistic Modeling ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Expected Cost ◽  
Silica Exposure ◽  
Exposure Reduction ◽  
Modeling Approach

Abstract Background: Construction workers are at a high risk of exposure to various types of hazardous substances such as crystalline silica. Though multiple studies indicate the evidence regarding the effectiveness of different silica exposure reduction interventions in the construction sector, the decisions for selecting a specific silica exposure reduction intervention are best informed by an economic evaluation. Economic evaluation of interventions is subjected to uncertainties in practice, mostly due to the lack of precise data on important variables. In this study, we aim to identify the most cost-beneficial silica exposure reduction intervention for the construction sector under uncertain situation. Methods: We apply a probabilistic modeling approach that covers a large number of variables relevant to the cost of lung cancer, as well as the costs of silica exposure reduction interventions. To estimate the societal lifetime cost of lung cancer, we use an incidence cost approach. To estimate the net benefit of each intervention, we compare the expected cost of lung cancer cases averted, with expected cost of implementation of the intervention in one calendar year. Sensitivity analysis is used to quantify how different variables effects interventions net benefit. Results: A positive net benefit is expected for all considered interventions. The highest number of lung cancer cases are averted by combined use of wet method, local exhaust ventilation and personal protective equipment, about 107 cases, with expected net benefit of $45.9 million. Results also suggest that the level of exposure is an important determinant for the selection of the most cost-beneficial intervention. Conclusions: This study provides important insights for decision makers about silica exposure reduction interventions in the construction sector. It also provides an overview of the potential advantages of using probabilistic modeling approach to undertake economic evaluations, particularly when researchers are confronted with a large number of uncertain variables.

scholarly journals A Probabilistic Approach for Economic Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Interventions: A Case Study of Silica Exposure Reduction Interventions in the Construction Sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirabbas Mofidi ◽  
Emile Tompa ◽  
SeyedBagher Mortazavi ◽  
Akbar Esfahanipour ◽  
Paul A. Demers
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Probabilistic Modeling ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Expected Cost ◽  
Silica Exposure ◽  
Exposure Reduction ◽  
Modeling Approach

Abstract Background: Construction workers are at a high risk of exposure to various types of hazardous substances such as crystalline silica. Though multiple studies indicate the evidence regarding the effectiveness of different silica exposure reduction interventions in the construction sector, the decisions for selecting a specific silica exposure reduction intervention are best informed by an economic evaluation. Economic evaluation of interventions is subjected to uncertainties in practice, mostly due to the lack of precise data on important variables. In this study, we aim to identify the most cost-beneficial silica exposure reduction intervention for the construction sector under uncertain situation. Methods: We apply a probabilistic modeling approach that covers a large number of variables relevant to the cost of lung cancer, as well as the costs of silica exposure reduction interventions. To estimate the societal lifetime cost of lung cancer, we use an incidence cost approach. To estimate the net benefit of each intervention, we compare the expected cost of lung cancer cases averted, with expected cost of implementation of the intervention in one calendar year. Sensitivity analysis is used to quantify how different variables effects interventions net benefit. Results: A positive net benefit is expected for all considered interventions. The highest number of lung cancer cases are averted by combined use of wet method, local exhaust ventilation and personal protective equipment, about 107 cases, with expected net benefit of $45.9 million. Results also suggest that the level of exposure is an important determinant for the selection of the most cost-beneficial intervention. Conclusions: This study provides important insights for decision makers about silica exposure reduction interventions in the construction sector. It also provides an overview of the potential advantages of using probabilistic modeling approach to undertake economic evaluations, particularly when researchers are confronted with a large number of uncertain variables.

Kernel Distributions in Main Spikes of Salt‐Stressed Wheat: A Probabilistic Modeling Approach

Crop Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Lesch ◽  
Catherine M. Grieve ◽  
Eugene V. Maas ◽  
Leland E. Francois
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Modeling ◽  
Modeling Approach

scholarly journals Silica exposure and risk of lung cancer.

Thorax ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 772-772
Author(s):  
W. K. Morgan ◽  
R. B. Reger
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Silica Exposure

scholarly journals Early intervention in psychosis: health economic evaluation using the net benefit approach in a real-world setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caragh Behan ◽  
Brendan Kennelly ◽  
Eric Roche ◽  
Laoise Renwick ◽  
Sarah Masterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Complex Intervention ◽  
Real World ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Real World Setting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Early Intervention In Psychosis

BackgroundEarly intervention in psychosis is a complex intervention, usually delivered in a specialist stand-alone setting, which aims to improve outcomes for people with psychosis. Previous studies have been criticised because the control used did not accurately reflect actual practice.AimsTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early intervention by estimating the incremental net benefit (INB) of an early-intervention programme, delivered in a real-world setting. INB measures the difference in monetary terms between alternative interventions.MethodTwo contemporaneous incidence-based cohorts presenting with first-episode psychosis, aged 18–65 years, were compared. Costs and outcomes were measured over 1 year. The main outcome was avoidance of a relapse that required admission to hospital or home-based treatment.ResultsFrom the health sector perspective, the probability that early intervention was cost-effective was 0.77. The INB was €2465 per person (95% CI − €4418 to €9347) when society placed a value of €6000, the cost of an in-patient relapse, on preventing a relapse requiring admission or home care. Following adjustment, the probability that early intervention was cost-effective was 1, and the INB to the health sector was €3105 per person (95% CI −€8453 to €14 663). From a societal perspective, the adjusted probability that early intervention was cost-effective was 1, and the INB was €19 928 per person (95% CI − €2075 to €41 931).ConclusionsEarly intervention has a modest INB from the health sector perspective and a large INB from the societal perspective. The perspective chosen is critical when presenting results of an economic evaluation of a complex intervention.

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