scholarly journals Ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production from xylonic acid by Enterobacter cloacae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxi Zhang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yike Wang ◽  
Jinjie Gu ◽  
Xiyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Xylonic Acid ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Background: Biological routes for ethylene glycol production have been developed in recent years by constructing the synthesis pathways in different microorganisms. However, no microorganisms have been reported yet to produce ethylene glycol naturally. Results: Xylonic acid utilizing microorganisms were screened from natural environments, and an Enterobacter cloacae strain was isolated. The major metabolites of this strain were ethylene glycol and glycolic acid. However, the metabolites were switched to 2,3-butanediol, acetoin or acetic acid when this strain was cultured with other carbon sources. The metabolic pathway of ethylene glycol synthesis from xylonic acid in this bacterium was identified. Xylonic acid was converted to 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate catalyzed by D-xylonic acid dehydratase. 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate was converted to form pyruvate and glycolaldehyde, and this reaction was catalyzed by an aldolase. D-xylonic acid dehydratase and 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase were encoded by yjhG and yjhH, respectively. The two genes are part of the same operon and are located adjacent on the chromosome. Besides yjhG and yjhH, this operon contains four other genes. However, individually inactivation of these four genes had no effect on either ethylene glycol or glycolic acid production; both formed from glycolaldehyde. YqhD exhibits ethylene glycol dehydrogenase activity in vitro. However, a low level of ethylene glycol was still synthesized by E. cloacae ΔyqhD. Fermentation parameters for ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production by the E. cloacae strain were optimized, and aerobic cultivation at neutral pH were found to be optimal. In fed batch culture, 34 g/L of ethylene glycol and 13 g/L of glycolic acid were produced in 46 hours, with a total conversion ratio of 0.99 mol/mol xylonic acid.Conclusions: A novel route of xylose biorefinery via xylonic acid as an intermediate has been established.

scholarly journals Ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production from xylonic acid by Enterobacter cloacae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxi Zhang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yike Wang ◽  
Jinjie Gu ◽  
Xiyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Xylonic Acid

Abstract Background: Biological routes for ethylene glycol production have been developed in recent years by constructing the synthesis pathways in different microorganisms. However, no microorganisms have been reported yet to produce ethylene glycol naturally. Results: Xylonic acid utilizing microorganisms were screened from natural environments, and an Enterobacter cloacae strain was isolated. The major metabolites of this strain were ethylene glycol and glycolic acid. However, the metabolites were switched to 2,3-butanediol, acetoin or acetic acid when this strain was cultured with other carbon sources. The metabolic pathway of ethylene glycol and glycolic acid synthesis from xylonic acid in this bacterium was identified. Xylonic acid was converted to 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate catalyzed by D-xylonic acid dehydratase. 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate was converted to form pyruvate and glycolaldehyde, and this reaction was catalyzed by an aldolase. D-xylonic acid dehydratase and 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase were encoded by yjhG and yjhH, respectively. The two genes are part of the same operon and are located adjacent on the chromosome. Besides yjhG and yjhH, this operon contains four other genes. However, individually inactivation of these four genes had no effect on either ethylene glycol or glycolic acid production; both formed from glycolaldehyde. YqhD exhibits ethylene glycol dehydrogenase activity in vitro. However, a low level of ethylene glycol was still synthesized by E. cloacae ΔyqhD. Fermentation parameters for ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production by the E. cloacae strain were optimized, and aerobic cultivation at neutral pH were found to be optimal. In fed batch culture, 34 g/L of ethylene glycol and 13 g/L of glycolic acid were produced in 46 hours, with a total conversion ratio of 0.99 mol/mol xylonic acid.Conclusions: A novel route of xylose biorefinery via xylonic acid as an intermediate has been established.

scholarly journals Ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production from xylonic acid by Enterobacter cloacae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxi Zhang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yike Wang ◽  
Jinjie Gu ◽  
Xiyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Xylonic Acid

Abstract Background Biological routes of ethylene glycol production have been developed in recent years by constructing of the synthesis pathways in microorganisms. However, no microorganisms have been reported to produce ethylene glycol naturally.Results Xylonic acid utilizing microorganisms were screened from natural environments, and an Enterobacter cloacae strain was isolated. The major metabolites of this strain were ethylene glycol and glycolic acid. However, the metabolites were switched to 2,3-butanediol, acetoin or acetic acid when this strain was cultured with other carbon sources. The metabolic pathway of ethylene glycol and glycolic acid synthesis from xylonic acid in this bacterium was identified. Xylonic acid was converted to 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate with the catalysis of D-xylonic acid dehydratase. 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate was converted to form pyruvate and glycolaldehyde, and this reaction was catalyzed by an aldolase. D-xylonic acid dehydratase and 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase were encoded by yjhG and yjhH , respectively. The two genes are part of the same operon and are located adjacent on the chromosome. Besides yjhG and yjhH , this operon contains four other genes. However, individually inactivation of these four genes had no effect on either ethylene glycol or glycolic acid production; both formed from glycolaldehyde. YqhD exhibits ethylene glycol dehydrogenase activity in vitro . However, a low level of ethylene glycol was still synthesized by E. cloacae Δ yqhD . Parameters for ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production by the E. cloacae strain were optimized, and aerobic cultivation at neutral pH were found to be optimal. In fed batch culture, 34 g/L of ethylene glycol and 13 g/L of glycolic acid were produced in 46 hours, with a total conversion ratio of 0.99 mol/mol xylonic acid.Conclusions A novel route of xylose biorefinery via xylonic acid as an intermediate has been established.

scholarly journals Ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production from xylonic acid by Enterobacter cloacae

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxi Zhang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yike Wang ◽  
Jinjie Gu ◽  
Xiyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Xylonic Acid

Glycolic Acid Production Using Ethylene Glycol-Oxidizing Microorganisms

2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2265-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiko KATAOKA ◽  
Mié SASAKI ◽  
Aklani-Rose G.D. HIDALGO ◽  
Michiko NAKANO ◽  
Sakayu SHIMIZU
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Glycolic Acid

scholarly journals Ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production by wild‐type Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyang Lu ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zhongxi Zhang ◽  
Jinjie Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Wild Type

scholarly journals D-Xylonic Acid Production by Enterobacter cloacae

1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki ISHIZAKI ◽  
Tetsuo IHARA ◽  
Juichi YOSHITAKE ◽  
Mutsuo SHIMAMURA ◽  
Tomio IMAI
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Xylonic Acid

scholarly journals Role of pfkA and General Carbohydrate Catabolism in Seed Colonization by Enterobacter cloacae

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2513-2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Roberts ◽  
P. D. Dery ◽  
I. Yucel ◽  
J. Buyer ◽  
M. A. Holtman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Exogenous Addition ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Pea Seeds

ABSTRACT Enterobacter cloacae A-11 is a transposon mutant of strain 501R3 that was deficient in cucumber spermosphere colonization and in the utilization of certain carbohydrates (D. P. Roberts, C. J. Sheets, and J. S. Hartung, Can. J. Microbiol. 38:1128–1134, 1992). In vitro growth of strain A-11 was reduced or deficient on most carbohydrates that supported growth of strain 501R3 but was unaffected on fructose, glycerol, and all amino acids and organic acids tested. Colonization by strain A-11 was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) for cucumber and radish seeds compared to that of strain 501R3, but colonization of pea, soybean, sunflower, and sweet corn seeds was not reduced. Pea seeds released several orders of magnitude more total carbohydrates and amino acids than cucumber and radish seeds and approximately 4,000-fold more fructose. Fructose was the only carbohydrate detected in the seed exudates which supported wild-type levels of in vitro growth of strain A-11. Soybean, sunflower, and sweet corn seeds also released significantly greater amounts of fructose and total carbohydrates and amino acids than cucumber or radish seeds. The exogenous addition of fructose to cucumber and radish seeds at quantities similar to the total quantity of carbohydrates released from pea seeds over 96 h increased the populations of strain A-11 to levels comparable to those of strain 501R3 in sterile sand. Molecular characterization of strain A-11 indicated that the mini-Tn5 kanamycin transposon was inserted in a region of the genome with significant homology topfkA, which encodes phosphofructo kinase. A comparison of strain A-11 with Escherichia coli DF456, a knownpfkA mutant, indicated that the nutritional loss phenotypes were identical. Furthermore, the pfkA homolog cloned fromE. cloacae 501R3 complemented the nutritional loss phenotypes of both E. coli DF456 and E. cloacaeA-11 and restored colonization by strain A-11 to near wild-type levels. These genetic and biochemical restoration experiments provide strong evidence that the quantities of reduced carbon sources found in seed exudates and the ability of microbes to use these compounds play important roles in the colonization of the spermosphere.

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