A Danish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14): Translation and cross-cultural adaptation.
Abstract Background In Dentistry, Oral Health Related Quality of life instruments provide a measure of gains in oral function as well as psychological well-being. Such subjective measures can be assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). However, a translated and validated Danish version of OHIP-14 is not available yet. Hence, the questionnaire can not be used in Denmark. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original English version of Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) into a Danish version (OHIP-14-DK). In addition, to investigate its applicability among adolescents and adults undergoing orthodontic treatment in Denmark, as well as to assess its internal consistency, reliability, and test-retest reliability.Methods The English version of OHIP-14 was translated into Danish following a standard protocol of cross-cultural adaptation. Stages I –IV: translation phase to eventually generate an “OHIP-14-DK” pre-final version. Stage V: pre-testing phase. A random sample of 22 orthodontic patients (mean age 24.7 years, SD ±14.8; 14 females, 8 males) were selected at Aarhus University, Section of orthodontics, Denmark. All patients self-completed the OHIP-14-DK and were thereafter interviewed. To measure reliability, all patients completed the same questionnaire again after 1-2 weeks interval. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and ICC.Results The initial and back translations were very similar: OHIP-14-DK proved to have a good level of equivalence with no errors or deviations in the translation, relevant to orthodontic patients, fitting the Danish culture, and understood by individuals as young as 12 years old. The distribution of responses verified that all questions relate to their domains. Therefore, no final adjustments were required for the tested version. Cronbach’s alpha ranged between 0.75-0.84 indicating an adequate to good reliability. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.77 for the OHIP total score. The obtained ICC value for the mean rating was 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.78-0.96).Conclusions OHIP-14-DK fits the Danish culture, applicable among adolescents and adults undergoing orthodontic treatment in Denmark. Proved to be face and content valid with good internal consistency, excellent reliability, and strong stability. Study registration case no. 1-10-72-148-19 Keywords: Orthodontics, OHIP-14, Oral health related quality of life, translation, cross-cultural adaptation, Danish.
