Multilevel model on longitudinal data analysis in determinants of cd4 cell count among antiretroviral therapy attendant of hiv infected adults follow up in gondar teaching referral hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia.

Multilevel model on longitudinal data analysis in determinants of CD4 cell count among antiretroviral therapy attendant of HIV infected adults follow up in Gondar Teaching Referral Hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia

AIDS Research and Therapy ◽

10.1186/s12981-020-00329-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kindu Kebede

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Multilevel Model ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus attacked an immune cell and the CD4 cell which is responsible for the body’s immune to infectious agents. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is one of the major public health problems in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. The main objective of this study to identify the determinants of CD4 cell count among antiretroviral therapy attendants of infected adults follow up in Gonder teaching referral hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia implemented by SAS version 94. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 216 regular follow up patients whose age greater than 14 years from December 1, 2012, to December 30, 2017. A multilevel model was used to identify the factors of CD4 cell count of patients and it considered variability between and within patients. Results The mean with a standard deviation of weight, and a hemoglobin level of patients were 55.48 (10.21), and 18.25 (33.028) respectively. This study concluded that the variation for CD4 cell count existed between patients was 63% and the remaining 37% of variation existing within patients. In this study, the random coefficient time-varying covariate model was well fitted which shows weight and hemoglobin level were statistically significant predictors at a 5% level of significance for the log of CD4 cell count of patients. Conclusion This study shows the hemoglobin level and weight of patients were statistically significant for the log of CD4 cell count of patients follow up in Gonder teaching referral hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia. Moreover, the result of the study shows that the log of CD4 count of patients increased when hemoglobin level and weight of patients increased. Hence, intervention should be given the ways to increase weight and hemoglobin levels of patients during follow up of antiretroviral therapy.

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Multilevel model on longitudinal data analysis in determinants of CD4 cell count among antiretroviral therapy attendant of HIV infected adults follow up in Gondar Teaching Referral Hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia.

10.21203/rs.2.21931/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kindu Kebede

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Multilevel Model ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus attacked an immune cell and the CD4 cell which is responsible for the body’s immune to infectious agents. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is one of the major public health problems in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. The main objective of this study to identify the determinants of CD4 cell count among antiretroviral therapy attendants of infected adults follow up in Gonder teaching referral hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia implemented by SAS version 94. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 216 regular follow up patients whose age greater than 14 years from December 1, 2012, to December 30, 2017. A multilevel model was used to identify the factors of CD4 cell count of patients and it considered variability between and within patients. Results: The mean with a standard deviation of weight, and a hemoglobin level of patients were 55.48(10.21), and 18.25(33.028) respectively. This study concluded that the variation for CD4 cell count existed between patients was 63 % and the remaining 37 % of variation existing within patients. In this study, the random coeﬃcient time-varying covariate model was well fitted which shows weight and hemoglobin level were statistically significant predictors at a 5% level of significance for the log of CD4 cell count of patients. Conclusion: This study shows the hemoglobin level and weight of patients were statistically significant for the log of CD4 cell count of patients follow up in Gonder teaching referral hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia. Moreover, the result of the study shows that the log of CD4 count of patients increased when hemoglobin level and weight of patients increased. Hence, intervention should be given the ways to increase weight and hemoglobin levels of patients during follow up antiretroviral therapy.

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Correction to: Multilevel model on longitudinal data analysis in determinants of CD4 cell count among antiretroviral therapy attendant of HIV infected adults follow up in Gondar Teaching Referral Hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia

AIDS Research and Therapy ◽

10.1186/s12981-021-00373-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kindu Kebede

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Longitudinal Data ◽

Cell Count ◽

Multilevel Model ◽

Longitudinal Data Analysis ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Cd4 Cell

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Pattern and predictors of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell count recovery among cohorts of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Hawassa University Referral Hospital

Journal of AIDS and HIV Research ◽

10.5897/jahr2017.0425 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 40-48

Author(s):

Deyno Serawit ◽

Toma Alemayehu ◽

Taddesse Fiker

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cluster Of Differentiation ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hawassa University ◽

Count Recovery

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Determinants of CD4 Cell Count among Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Attendant HIV Positive Adults Using Longitudinal Data Analysis in University of Gondar Referral Hospital

Asian Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.me4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. ME18-ME28

Author(s):

Koyachew Yenaneh Tadege ◽

◽

Tigist Jegnaw ◽

Kasim Mohammed Yesuf ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Longitudinal Data ◽

Cell Count ◽

Longitudinal Data Analysis ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Hiv Positive Adults ◽

Cd4 Cell

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Outcomes following detection of low level plasma HIV RNA in HIV-infected patients previously virologically suppressed on antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective observational study

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh16165 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

Annabelle M. Warren ◽

Allen C. Cheng ◽

Kerrie Watson ◽

Sharon R. Lewin ◽

Jennifer F. Hoy

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Virological Suppression ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hiv Rna ◽

Cd4 Cell

Background: Progressively sensitive assays for plasma HIV RNA have led to increased detection of plasma HIV RNA between 20 and 200 copies/ml, known as low level viremia (LLV) when recurrent or persistent, in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The aim of this study was to determine outcomes following initial detection of LLV in an Australian cohort. Methods: A retrospective study using the HIV Service Database (Alfred Hospital) included all patients on ART who recorded plasma HIV RNA 20–200 copies/mL following prior virological suppression (viral load (VL) HIV RNA <20 copies/mL) over 2 years (2010 to 2012), with follow-up to June 2013. Factors associated with subsequent virological outcome were assessed via univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Of 919 patients managed by The Alfred HIV service, 207 (22.5%) met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 48.8 years, 91.3% were male. During follow-up, 54% patients recorded no further HIV RNA 20–200 copies/mL (viral blip); 39% had recurrent or persistent VL 20–200 copies/mL (LLV); and 7% progressed to virological failure with VL >200 copies/mL. Factors associated with LLV included co-morbid type 2 diabetes, shorter prior virological suppression and lower nadir CD4 cell count. Clinician management of VL 20–200 copies/mL was generally conservative, with infrequent requests for genotypic analysis (3.3% cases) or change in ART (<1% cases). Conclusions: LLV following virological suppression is common, and occurred as an isolated viral blip in half the patients. Those patients with persistent or recurrent LLV had higher rates of type 2 diabetes, shorter prior virological suppression and lower nadir CD4 cell count.

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Mortality and its association with CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level among children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-020-00267-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chalachew Adugna Wubneh ◽

Getaneh Mulualem Belay

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cell Count ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Child Mortality ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background Even though there are advancements in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment approach, HIV continues to be a global challenge. Pediatrics HIV is one of the challenges in the reduction of child mortality particularly in less developed countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the pooled proportion of child mortality and the effect of hemoglobin level and CD4 cell count among children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. Method All published were articles searched using PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science database. Besides, Ethiopian institutional research repositories and reference lists of included studies were used. We limited the searching to studies conducted in Ethiopia and written in the English language. Studies that were done in a cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control study design were considered for the review. The weighted inverse variance random effects model was applied, and the overall variations between studies were checked by using heterogeneity test Higgins’s (I2). Subgroup analysis by region and year of publication was conducted. All of the included articles were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal criteria. In addition, publication bias was also checked with Egger’s regression test and the funnel plot. Based on the results, trim and fill analysis was performed to manage the publication bias. Result A total of 16 studies with 7047 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of mortality among children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) was found to be 11.78% (95% CI 9.34, 14.23). In subgroup analysis, the highest child mortality was observed in the Amhara region 16.76 % (95% CI 9.63, 23.90) and the lowest is in the Tigray region 4.81% (95% CI 2.75, 6.87). Besides, the proportion of mortality among children with low CD4 count and hemoglobin level was 2.42 (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.65, 3.56) and 3.24 (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI 1.51, 6.93) times higher compared to their counterparts, respectively. Conclusion The proportion of mortality among children on ART was high in Ethiopia. Those children who had low CD4 cell count and low hemoglobin levels at baseline need special attention, treatment, and care. Trial registration The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42018113077.

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