scholarly journals A pilot study on a potential relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters; Are there any event-related differences in 100-m and 400-m sprints?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Tomita ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leg Bones

Abstract Objective: This study examined the relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters. The leg bone lengths in 28 100-m specialized sprinters and 28 400-m specialized sprinters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the upper and lower leg bones were assessed by calculating the lengths of the femur and tibia, respectively. To minimize differences in body size among participants, both bone lengths were normalized to body height. The ratio of the tibial length to femoral length was calculated to evaluate the interaction between the lengths of the upper and lower leg bones. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores, based on the personal best times of the sprinters in each group were used as parameters for sprint performance. Results: There were no significant correlations between absolute and relative lengths of the femur and tibia and IAAF scores in both 100-m and 400-m sprinters. By contrast, the ratio of the tibial length to femoral length correlated significantly with IAAF score in 400-m sprinters (r = 0.445, P = 0.018), but not 100-m sprinters. These findings suggest that the leg bone lengths may play an important role in achieving superior long sprint performance in 400-m specialized sprinters.

Relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters; Are there any event-related differences in 100-m and 400-m sprints?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Tomita ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leg Bones

Abstract Objective: This study examined the relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters. The leg bone lengths in 28 100-m specialized sprinters and 28 400-m specialized sprinters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the upper and lower leg bones were assessed by calculating the lengths of the femur and tibia, respectively. To minimize differences in body size among participants, both bone lengths were normalized to body height. The ratio of the tibial length to femoral length was calculated to evaluate the interaction between the lengths of the upper and lower leg bones. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores, based on the personal best times of the sprinters in each group were used as parameters for sprint performance. Results: There were no significant correlations between absolute and relative lengths of the femur and tibia and IAAF scores in both 100-m and 400-m sprinters. By contrast, the ratio of the tibial length to femoral length correlated significantly with IAAF score in 400-m sprinters (r = 0.445, P = 0.018), but not 100-m sprinters. These findings suggest that the leg bone lengths may play an important role in achieving superior long sprint performance in 400-m specialized sprinters.

scholarly journals A pilot study on a potential relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters; Are there any event-related differences in 100-m and 400-m sprints?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Tomita ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leg Bones

Abstract Objective: This study examined the relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters. The leg bone lengths in 28 100-m specialized sprinters and 28 400-m specialized sprinters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the upper and lower leg bones were assessed by calculating the lengths of the femur and tibia, respectively. To minimize differences in body size among participants, both bone lengths were normalized to body height. The ratio of the tibial length to femoral length was calculated to evaluate the interaction between the lengths of the upper and lower leg bones. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores, based on the personal best times of the sprinters in each group were used as parameters for sprint performance. Results: There were no significant correlations between absolute and relative lengths of the femur and tibia and IAAF scores in both 100-m and 400-m sprinters. By contrast, the ratio of the tibial length to femoral length correlated significantly with IAAF score in 400-m sprinters ( r = 0.445, P = 0.018), but not 100-m sprinters. These findings suggest that the leg bone lengths may play an important role in achieving superior long sprint performance in 400-m specialized sprinters.

scholarly journals The Potential Relationship Between Leg Bone Length and Running Performance in Well‐Trained Endurance Runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromasa Ueno ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Kenji Takao ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leg Bones

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the relationship between leg bone length and running performance in well-trained endurance runners. The lengths of the leg bones in 42 male endurance runners (age: 20.0 ± 1.0 years, body height: 169.6 ± 5.6 cm, body mass: 56.4 ± 5.1 kg, personal best 5000-m race time: 14 min 59 s ± 28 s) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the femur and tibia were calculated to assess the upper and lower leg lengths, respectively. The total length of the femur + tibia was calculated to assess the overall leg bone length. These lengths of the leg bones were normalized with body height, which was measured using a stadiometer to minimize differences in body size among participants. The relative tibial length was significantly correlated with personal best 5000-m race time (r = -0.328, p = 0.034). Moreover, a trend towards significance was observed in the relative femoral length (r = -0.301, p = 0.053). Furthermore, the relative total lengths of the femur + tibia were significantly correlated with personal best 5000-m race time (r = -0.353, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that although the relationship between the leg bone length and personal best 5000-m race time was relatively minor, the leg bone length, especially of the tibia, may be a potential morphological factor for achieving superior running performance in well-trained endurance runners.

scholarly journals Calcaneus height is a key morphological factor of sprint performance in sprinters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Msafumi Terada ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
Hiromasa Ueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Foot Morphology

Abstract This study examined the relationships between the foot bone morphologies and sprint performance in sprinters. Foot images in 56 male sprinters obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. The relative lengths of the forefoot bones of the big and second toes, which were calculated as total lengths of the forefoot bones for each toe normalized to the foot length, correlated significantly with personal best 100-m sprint time (r =  − 0.293 and − 0.459, both Ps < 0.05). The relative lengths of the rearfoot talus and calcaneus normalized to the foot length also correlated significantly with the sprint performance (r =  − 0.378 and − 0.496, both Ps < 0.05). Furthermore, the relative height of the calcaneus, but not the talus, normalized to body height correlated significantly with sprint performance (r =  − 0.690, P < 0.001). Additionally, the relative calcaneus height correlated significantly with the foot arch height index (r = 0.420, P = 0.001), and the foot arch height index correlated significantly with sprint performance (r =  − 0.517, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the taller calcaneus may be a key morphological factor for achieving superior sprint performance, potentially via modeling the longer forefoot and rearfoot bones and functional foot morphology in sprinters.

scholarly journals The Correlations between Horizontal and Vertical Peripheral Refractions and Human Eye Shape Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Highly Myopic Eyes

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Hui-Ying Kuo ◽  
John Ching-Jen Hsiao ◽  
Jing-Jie Chen ◽  
Chi-Hung Lee ◽  
Chun-Chao Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shape Deformation ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between relative peripheral refraction and retinal shape by 2-D magnetic resonance imaging in high myopes. Thirty-five young adults aged 20 to 30 years participated in this study with 16 high myopes (spherical equivalent < −6.00 D) and 19 emmetropes (+0.50 to −0.50 D). An open field autorefractor was used to measure refractions from the center out to 60° in the horizontal meridian and out to around 20° in the vertical meridian, with a step of 3 degrees. Axial length was measured by using A-scan ultrasonography. In addition, images of axial, sagittal, and tangential sections were obtained using 2-D magnetic resonance imaging. The highly myopic group had a significantly relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and showed a prolate ocular shape compared to the emmetropic group. The highly myopic group had relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and showed a prolate ocular form. Significant differences in the ratios of height/axial (1.01 ± 0.02 vs. 0.94 ± 0.03) and width/axial (0.99 ± 0.17 vs. 0.93 ± 0.04) were found from the MRI images between the emmetropic and the highly myopic eyes (p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the retina’s curvature and relative peripheral refraction for both temporal (Pearson r = −0.459; p < 0.01) and nasal (Pearson r = −0.277; p = 0.011) retina. For the highly myopic eyes, the amount of peripheral hyperopic defocus is correlated to its ocular shape deformation. This could be the first study investigating the relationship between peripheral refraction and ocular dimension in high myopes, and it is hoped to provide useful knowledge of how the development of myopia changes human eye shape.

scholarly journals Myocardial Inflammation, Sports Practice, and Sudden Cardiac Death: 2021 Update

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Paolo Compagnucci ◽  
Giovanni Volpato ◽  
Umberto Falanga ◽  
Laura Cipolletta ◽  
Manuel Antonio Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy ◽  
The Relationship

Myocardial inflammation is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and sudden cardiac death in athletes. The relationship between sports practice and myocardial inflammation is complex, and recent data from studies concerning cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and endomyocardial biopsy have substantially added to our understanding of the challenges encountered in the comprehensive care of athletes with myocarditis or inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM). In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of myocarditis, ICM, and myopericarditis/perimyocarditis in athletes, with a special emphasis on arrhythmias, patient-tailored therapies, and sports eligibility issues.

Surgical Management of the Peroneus Quartus Muscle for Bilateral Ankle Pain

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Chinzei ◽  
Noriyuki Kanzaki ◽  
Yoshinori Takakura ◽  
Yoshiyuki Takakura ◽  
Akihiko Toda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ankle Pain ◽  
Accessory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The peroneus quartus muscle is an accessory muscle seen in the lateral compartment of the lower leg. Although the peroneus quartus muscle is asymptomatic in general, it sometimes becomes pathologic. We present the rare case of bilateral ankle pain with crepitation caused by the peroneus quartus muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging should be considered to assist with diagnosing this condition. Foot and ankle surgeons should consider it in the preoperative differential diagnosis when patients present with posterior ankle pain.

A Cadaveric and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of the Salpingopharyngeus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Karen Perta ◽  
Eileen Kalmar ◽  
Youkyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The aim of the study was to update our information regarding the salpingopharyngeus (SP) muscle using cadaveric and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Primary objectives were to (a) observe the presence/absence of the muscle and (b) quantify and describe its dimensions and course. Method SP specimens from 19 cadavers (10 women, nine men) were analyzed. Following head bisection, measurements of SP, including width of the cartilaginous attachment (CW) and width of the superior muscle base (SMW), were taken before and after removal of the overlying mucosa. In addition, SP was analyzed in 15 healthy subjects (eight men, seven women) using high-resolution three-dimensional MRI data. CW and SMW measures were replicated in the paraxial MRI view. Results The presence of the salpingopharyngeal fold and muscle was confirmed bilaterally in all cadaveric and living subjects. Following mucosa removal, mean cadaveric CW and SMW measurements were 5.6 and 3.8 mm, respectively. Mean in vivo CW and SMW were 6.1 and 3.7 mm, respectively. Results from the hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, in both cadaveric and living groups, SMW is dependent on the relationship between age and body weight, after controlling for sex. Conclusions The salpingopharyngeal fold and SP muscle are always present bilaterally and can be quantified at the superior origin using both cadaveric and in vivo three-dimensional MRI data. Though both the superior origin and inferior course of SP are highly variable, the size of the SP muscle is dependent on characteristics known to affect muscle fibers, such as the relationship between age and body weight. Given the consistent and quantifiable presence of the SP muscle, its potential role in velopharyngeal function for speech and swallowing is reconsidered. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14347859

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