scholarly journals A pilot study on a potential relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters; Are there any event-related differences in 100-m and 400-m sprints?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Tomita ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leg Bones

Abstract Objective: This study examined the relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters. The leg bone lengths in 28 100-m specialized sprinters and 28 400-m specialized sprinters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the upper and lower leg bones were assessed by calculating the lengths of the femur and tibia, respectively. To minimize differences in body size among participants, both bone lengths were normalized to body height. The ratio of the tibial length to femoral length was calculated to evaluate the interaction between the lengths of the upper and lower leg bones. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores, based on the personal best times of the sprinters in each group were used as parameters for sprint performance. Results: There were no significant correlations between absolute and relative lengths of the femur and tibia and IAAF scores in both 100-m and 400-m sprinters. By contrast, the ratio of the tibial length to femoral length correlated significantly with IAAF score in 400-m sprinters ( r = 0.445, P = 0.018), but not 100-m sprinters. These findings suggest that the leg bone lengths may play an important role in achieving superior long sprint performance in 400-m specialized sprinters.

Relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters; Are there any event-related differences in 100-m and 400-m sprints?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Tomita ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leg Bones

Abstract Objective: This study examined the relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters. The leg bone lengths in 28 100-m specialized sprinters and 28 400-m specialized sprinters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the upper and lower leg bones were assessed by calculating the lengths of the femur and tibia, respectively. To minimize differences in body size among participants, both bone lengths were normalized to body height. The ratio of the tibial length to femoral length was calculated to evaluate the interaction between the lengths of the upper and lower leg bones. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores, based on the personal best times of the sprinters in each group were used as parameters for sprint performance. Results: There were no significant correlations between absolute and relative lengths of the femur and tibia and IAAF scores in both 100-m and 400-m sprinters. By contrast, the ratio of the tibial length to femoral length correlated significantly with IAAF score in 400-m sprinters (r = 0.445, P = 0.018), but not 100-m sprinters. These findings suggest that the leg bone lengths may play an important role in achieving superior long sprint performance in 400-m specialized sprinters.

scholarly journals A pilot study on a potential relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters; Are there any event-related differences in 100-m and 400-m sprints?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Tomita ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leg Bones

Abstract Objective: This study examined the relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters. The leg bone lengths in 28 100-m specialized sprinters and 28 400-m specialized sprinters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the upper and lower leg bones were assessed by calculating the lengths of the femur and tibia, respectively. To minimize differences in body size among participants, both bone lengths were normalized to body height. The ratio of the tibial length to femoral length was calculated to evaluate the interaction between the lengths of the upper and lower leg bones. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores, based on the personal best times of the sprinters in each group were used as parameters for sprint performance. Results: There were no significant correlations between absolute and relative lengths of the femur and tibia and IAAF scores in both 100-m and 400-m sprinters. By contrast, the ratio of the tibial length to femoral length correlated significantly with IAAF score in 400-m sprinters (r = 0.445, P = 0.018), but not 100-m sprinters. These findings suggest that the leg bone lengths may play an important role in achieving superior long sprint performance in 400-m specialized sprinters.

scholarly journals The Potential Relationship Between Leg Bone Length and Running Performance in Well‐Trained Endurance Runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromasa Ueno ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Kenji Takao ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leg Bones

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the relationship between leg bone length and running performance in well-trained endurance runners. The lengths of the leg bones in 42 male endurance runners (age: 20.0 ± 1.0 years, body height: 169.6 ± 5.6 cm, body mass: 56.4 ± 5.1 kg, personal best 5000-m race time: 14 min 59 s ± 28 s) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the femur and tibia were calculated to assess the upper and lower leg lengths, respectively. The total length of the femur + tibia was calculated to assess the overall leg bone length. These lengths of the leg bones were normalized with body height, which was measured using a stadiometer to minimize differences in body size among participants. The relative tibial length was significantly correlated with personal best 5000-m race time (r = -0.328, p = 0.034). Moreover, a trend towards significance was observed in the relative femoral length (r = -0.301, p = 0.053). Furthermore, the relative total lengths of the femur + tibia were significantly correlated with personal best 5000-m race time (r = -0.353, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that although the relationship between the leg bone length and personal best 5000-m race time was relatively minor, the leg bone length, especially of the tibia, may be a potential morphological factor for achieving superior running performance in well-trained endurance runners.

scholarly journals Calcaneus height is a key morphological factor of sprint performance in sprinters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Msafumi Terada ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
Hiromasa Ueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Foot Morphology

Abstract This study examined the relationships between the foot bone morphologies and sprint performance in sprinters. Foot images in 56 male sprinters obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. The relative lengths of the forefoot bones of the big and second toes, which were calculated as total lengths of the forefoot bones for each toe normalized to the foot length, correlated significantly with personal best 100-m sprint time (r =  − 0.293 and − 0.459, both Ps < 0.05). The relative lengths of the rearfoot talus and calcaneus normalized to the foot length also correlated significantly with the sprint performance (r =  − 0.378 and − 0.496, both Ps < 0.05). Furthermore, the relative height of the calcaneus, but not the talus, normalized to body height correlated significantly with sprint performance (r =  − 0.690, P < 0.001). Additionally, the relative calcaneus height correlated significantly with the foot arch height index (r = 0.420, P = 0.001), and the foot arch height index correlated significantly with sprint performance (r =  − 0.517, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the taller calcaneus may be a key morphological factor for achieving superior sprint performance, potentially via modeling the longer forefoot and rearfoot bones and functional foot morphology in sprinters.

Relationship between body height and spatiotemporal parameters during a 100-m sprint in able-bodied and unilateral transtibial sprinters

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hobara ◽  
Wolfgang Potthast ◽  
Ralf Müller ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Satoru Hashizume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transtibial Amputee ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Although anthropometric factors could influence sprint performance in able-bodied sprinters, little is known about the relationships between these anthropometric factors and sprint performance in amputee sprinters. Objectives: To investigate the relationships between body height and spatiotemporal parameters of 100-m sprints in unilateral transtibial amputee and able-bodied sprinters. Study design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: We analyzed elite-level 100-m races of 14 male unilateral transtibial amputee sprinters and 22 male able-bodied sprinters from publicly available Internet broadcasts. For each sprinter’s run, the mean step length and frequency were determined using the number of steps in conjunction with the official race time. Furthermore, body height data for sprinters in both groups were obtained from publicly available resources. Results: Linear relationships were found between body height and mean step length and frequency in able-bodied sprinters, respectively. However, there were no significant relationships between body height and spatiotemporal parameters in transtibial amputee sprinters. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the relationship between body height and spatiotemporal parameters during a 100-m sprint is not the same between unilateral transtibial amputees and able-bodied sprinters. Clinical relevance Understanding of the relationship between body height and spatiotemporal parameters during a 100-m sprint would provide important information that could be utilized for evaluating prosthetic sprint performance and coaching.

scholarly journals Lower Leg Length is Associated with Running Economy in High Level Caucasian Distance Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rauno Laumets ◽  
Karel Viigipuu ◽  
Kerli Mooses ◽  
Jarek Mäestu ◽  
Priit Purge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
High Level ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderate Relationship

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate lower limb anthropometric and composition variables related to running economy (RE) and running performance in a homogeneous group of high level European distance runners. RE at the speeds of 14, 16 and 18 km·h−1 (189 ± 12; 188 ± 11; 187 ± 11 O2 ml·kg−1·km−1) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (67.3 ± 2.9 ml·kg−1·min−1) of 13 high level distance runners were determined on a motorised treadmill. Anthropometric variables and body composition were measured. The BMI was related to RE at the speed of 14 (r2 = 0.434; p = 0.014), 16 (r2 = 0.436; p = 0.014) and 18 km·h−1 (r2 = 0.389; p = 0.023). Lower leg length was negatively related to RE at the speed of 16 and showed such a tendency at the speed of 14 and 18 km·h−1. VO2max indicated a moderate relationship with RE at the speeds of 14, 16 and 18 km·h−1 (r2 = 0.372, p = 0.030; r2 = 0.350, p = 0.033; r2 = 0.376, p = 0.026, respectively) which was confirmed by subsequent partial correlation analysis. While lower leg length and the BMI presented a relationship with RE, none of the calculated body composition and anthropometric proportions were related to RE or performance. The relationship between RE and VO2max would confirm the notion that RE could be at least partly compensated by VO2max to achieve high performance results.

scholarly journals Relationship between Jump Test Results and Acceleration Phase of Sprint Performance in National and Regional 100m Sprinters

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolhamid Habibi ◽  
Mehrzad Shabani ◽  
Esmaeil Rahimi ◽  
Rouhollah Fatemi ◽  
Abdolrahman Najafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Acceleration Phase ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Block Start

Relationship between Jump Test Results and Acceleration Phase of Sprint Performance in National and Regional 100m SprintersThe purpose of this research was to identify the relationship between jump test results and acceleration phase of sprint performance in national and regional 100m sprinters. Fifteen male (age 21.89 ± 3.26 years; body height 1.72.66 ± 3.20 m; body mass 61.35 ± 11.40 kg; 100 m personal best: 11.67 + 0.46 s {11.00 - 12.19}) track sprinters at a national and regional competitive level performed 10 m sprints from a block start. Anthropometric dimensions, along with squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), continuous straight legged jump (SLJ), single leg hop for distance, and single leg triple hop for distance measures of power were also tested. Pearson correlation analysis revealed the single leg hop for distance with front and back leg (respectively, r = -0.74 and r = -0.76; p = 0.021 and p = 0.017), and the single leg triple hop for distance with front and/or back leg (respectively, r = -0.84 and r = -0.89; p = 0.004 and p = 0.001), generated capabilities to be strongly related to sprint performance. Further linear regression analysis predicted an increase in the single leg hop for distance with front and back leg of 10 cm, to both resulted in a decrease of 0.07 s in 10 m sprint performance. Further, an increase in the single leg triple hop for distance with front and/or back leg of 10 cm was predicted to result in a 0.08 s reduction in 10 m sprint time. The results of this study seem to suggest that the ability to gain more distance with the single leg hop and the single leg triple hop for distance to be good indicators for predicting sprint performance over 10 m from a block start.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

scholarly journals The Correlations between Horizontal and Vertical Peripheral Refractions and Human Eye Shape Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Highly Myopic Eyes

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Hui-Ying Kuo ◽  
John Ching-Jen Hsiao ◽  
Jing-Jie Chen ◽  
Chi-Hung Lee ◽  
Chun-Chao Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shape Deformation ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between relative peripheral refraction and retinal shape by 2-D magnetic resonance imaging in high myopes. Thirty-five young adults aged 20 to 30 years participated in this study with 16 high myopes (spherical equivalent < −6.00 D) and 19 emmetropes (+0.50 to −0.50 D). An open field autorefractor was used to measure refractions from the center out to 60° in the horizontal meridian and out to around 20° in the vertical meridian, with a step of 3 degrees. Axial length was measured by using A-scan ultrasonography. In addition, images of axial, sagittal, and tangential sections were obtained using 2-D magnetic resonance imaging. The highly myopic group had a significantly relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and showed a prolate ocular shape compared to the emmetropic group. The highly myopic group had relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and showed a prolate ocular form. Significant differences in the ratios of height/axial (1.01 ± 0.02 vs. 0.94 ± 0.03) and width/axial (0.99 ± 0.17 vs. 0.93 ± 0.04) were found from the MRI images between the emmetropic and the highly myopic eyes (p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the retina’s curvature and relative peripheral refraction for both temporal (Pearson r = −0.459; p < 0.01) and nasal (Pearson r = −0.277; p = 0.011) retina. For the highly myopic eyes, the amount of peripheral hyperopic defocus is correlated to its ocular shape deformation. This could be the first study investigating the relationship between peripheral refraction and ocular dimension in high myopes, and it is hoped to provide useful knowledge of how the development of myopia changes human eye shape.

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