bone length
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

271
(FIVE YEARS 48)

H-INDEX

24
(FIVE YEARS 2)

Author(s):  
Marta Marchini ◽  
Mitchell R. Ashkin ◽  
Melina Bellini ◽  
Margaret Man-Ger Sun ◽  
Matthew Lloyd Workentine ◽  
...  

The genetic and developmental mechanisms involved in limb formation are relatively well documented, but how these mechanisms are modulated by changes in chondrocyte physiology to produce differences in limb bone length remains unclear. Here, we used high throughput RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to probe the developmental genetic basis of variation in limb bone length in Longshanks, a mouse model of experimental evolution. We find that increased tibia length in Longshanks is associated with altered expression of a few key endochondral ossification genes such as Npr3, Dlk1, Sox9, and Sfrp1, as well reduced expression of Fxyd2, a facultative subunit of the cell membrane-bound Na+/K+ ATPase pump (NKA). Next, using murine tibia and cell cultures, we show a dynamic role for NKA in chondrocyte differentiation and in bone length regulation. Specifically, we show that pharmacological inhibition of NKA disrupts chondrocyte differentiation, by upregulating expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers (Prrx1, Serpina3n), downregulation of chondrogenesis marker Sox9, and altered expression of extracellular matrix genes (e.g., collagens) associated with proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Together, Longshanks and in vitro data suggest a broader developmental and evolutionary role of NKA in regulating limb length diversity.


Author(s):  
Mohd. Faaizie Darmawan ◽  
Ferda Ernawan ◽  
Ahmad Firdaus Zainal Abidin ◽  
Fajar Agung Nugroho ◽  
Mohd Zamri Osman

Author(s):  
Santiago Beltran Diaz ◽  
Chee Ho H’ng ◽  
Xinli Qu ◽  
Michael Doube ◽  
John Tan Nguyen ◽  
...  

The characterization of developmental phenotypes often relies on the accurate linear measurement of structures that are small and require laborious preparation. This is tedious and prone to errors, especially when repeated for the multiple replicates that are required for statistical analysis, or when multiple distinct structures have to be analyzed. To address this issue, we have developed a pipeline for characterization of long-bone length using X-ray microtomography (XMT) scans. The pipeline involves semi-automated algorithms for automatic thresholding and fast interactive isolation and 3D-model generation of the main limb bones, using either the open-source ImageJ plugin BoneJ or the commercial Mimics Innovation Suite package. The tests showed the appropriate combination of scanning conditions and analysis parameters yields fast and comparable length results, highly correlated with the measurements obtained via ex vivo skeletal preparations. Moreover, since XMT is not destructive, the samples can be used afterward for histology or other applications. Our new pipelines will help developmental biologists and evolutionary researchers to achieve fast, reproducible and non-destructive length measurement of bone samples from multiple animal species.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes G. G. Dobbe ◽  
Peter Kloen ◽  
Simon D. Strackee ◽  
Geert J. Streekstra

AbstractAn oblique double-cut rotation osteotomy (ODCRO) enables correcting a complex bone deformation by aligning, in 3D, the distal, middle and proximal bone segments with a target bone, without intersegmental gaps. We propose virtual preoperative planning of an ODCRO. To minimize a residual translation error, we use an optimization algorithm and optimize towards bone length, alignment in the transverse direction, or a balanced reconstruction. We compare the residual alignment error with an oblique single-cut rotation osteotomy using 15 complex bone deformations. The single-cut approach was not feasible in 5 cases, whereas the ODCRO procedure was feasible in all cases. The residual alignment error was smaller for the ODCRO than for the single-cut approach except for one case. In a subset for length reconstruction, the length error of 7.3–21.3 mm was restored to 0.0 mm in 4 of 5 cases, although at the cost of an increased transverse translation. The proposed method renders planning an ODCRO feasible and helps restoring bone alignment and lengthening better than an oblique single-cut rotation osteotomy. Awareness of the challenges and possibilities in preoperative planning of an ODCRO will be of value for future alignment surgery and for patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Han-Sheng Chen ◽  
Szu-Yu Hsiao ◽  
Kun-Tsung Lee

The growth and development of facial bones are closely related to each other. The present study investigated the differences in the nasomaxillary and mandibular morphology among different skeletal patterns. Cephalograms of 240 participants were divided into 3 groups based on the skeletal pattern (Class I, Class II, and Class III). The dimensions of nasomaxilla (nasal bone length, nasal ridge length, nasal depth, palatal length, and maxillary height) and mandible (condylar length, ramus length, body length, symphysis length, and entire mandibular length) were measured. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation test were used for statistical analysis. No significant differences were observed among the skeletal patterns in terms of nasal bone length, palatal length, maxillary height, or condylar length. Class II had a significantly shorter ramus, mandibular body, and entire mandibular length compared with those of Class I and Class III. Nasal ridge length exhibited a significant moderate correlated with nasal bone length (correlation coefficient: 0.433) and maxillary height (correlation coefficient: 0.535). The entire mandibular length exhibited a significant moderate correlated with ramus length (correlation coefficient: 0.485) and body length (correlation coefficient: 0.536). In conclusion, nasal and maxillary dimensions exhibited no significant difference among the 3 skeletal patterns. Mandibular body and entire mandibular lengths were significantly positively correlations with Class III skeletal patterns.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilgün Tuncel Çini ◽  
İlknur Arı
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A237-A238
Author(s):  
Siemowit Muszyński ◽  
Małgorzata Świątkiewicz ◽  
Beata Szymczyk ◽  
Maria Oczkowicz ◽  
Iwona Furgał-Dzierżuk

Abstract Recent knowledge indicates that vitamin D3 not only regulates the calcium-phosphate metabolism, but also as a hormone with steroidal features, has significant remedial-homeostatic ability and has a pleiotropic function in the body. Medical observations confirm the beneficial effect of elevated levels of vitamin D3 in the prevention or alleviation of the course of many diseases of the cancer and autoimmune basis, diabetes and coronary diseases. The deficiencies of this vitamin in children, adolescents and young women are observed, causing the rickets or bone fragility. As the increasingly limited role of obtaining vitamin D3 from the sun exposure, supplementation of food sources becomes particularly important. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the increased dietary vitamin D3 level on health status using rats as the model animals. The experiment was carried out on 36 weaned rat Wistar, half female and male, 5–6 weeks old. Animals were divided into 3 groups. All rats obtained ad libitum the same feed mixture but differed in the vitamin D3 level (0, 1000 or 5000 IU/kg). Bone length and weight, cross-section area and wall thickness were measured, cortical index was calculated. The mechanical properties were determined using the 3-point bending test performed on a universal testing machine (Zwick Z010). The supports were placed at 40% of the total bone length and the measuring head loaded bone samples with a constant speed of 10 mm/min until fracture. The bone mineral density was determined using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method on a DiscoveryWHologic X-ray densitometer. We observed that, the vitamin D3 presence in feed did not significantly affect the bone geometrical traits in young rats. The vitamin D3 supplementation, regardless its level, increased the bone mineral density by 8–12% (P<0.05) and some mechanical properties were improved (P<0.05) in comparison to group without vitamin D3 supplementation. Also, the femur bone of rats supplemented with vitamin D3 characterised by the higher share force (11–14%), work needed for destruction (24–55%), ultimate strain, ultimate stress (5–7%). The bone elastic strength was the highest in group III, receiving the vitamin D3 in amount excessing the standard requirement of rats. Summerizing it can be concluded, contrary to the assumptions, we did not confirmed the significant effect of increased vitamin D3 level in feed on MBD and most of the mechanical traits. However, the maximal elastic strenght was the highest in group receiving 5000 IU/kg of vitamin D3, which reflects the highest elastic strength of midshaft cortical bone under reversible deformation and the maximum stress which a bone can withstand before fracture, but the difference was not statistically confirmed.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document