Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Among HIV Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Cohorts in Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshambel Belyhun ◽  
Uwe Gerd Liebert ◽  
Melanie Maier
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a particular concern in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. In Ethiopia, detailed clinical and virological descriptions of HBV prevailing during HIV co-infection and symptomatic liver disease patients are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate HBV virological characteristics from Ethiopian HBV/HIV co-infected and HBV mono-infected individuals. Methods A total of 4105 sera from HIV positive individuals, liver disease patients, and blood donors were screened serologically for HBV. The overlapping polymerase/surface genome region of HBV from 180 infected individuals was extracted, amplified, and sequenced for genotypic analysis. Results The HBsAg seroprevalence was detected 43% in liver disease patients, 8.4% in blood donors, and 6.7% in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals. The occult HBV prevalence was 3.7% in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals and 2.8% in blood donors with an overall prevalence rate of 3.4%. A phylogenetic analysis showed three HBV genotypes; A (61.1%), D (38.3%) and E (0.6%). Genotype A belongs to subtypes A1 (99.1%) and A9 (0.9%), but genotype D showed heterogeneous subtypes; D2 (63.8%) followed by D4 (21.7%), D1 (8.7%), D3 (4.3%), and D10 (1.4%). Conclusions The HIV/HBV co-infected individuals and blood donors showed lower HBsAg seroprevalence compared to liver diseases patients. Occult HBV prevalence showed no difference between HIV/HBV co-infected and blood donor groups. This study demonstrated predominance distribution of HBV subtypes A1 and D2 in northwest Ethiopia. The observed virological characteristics could contribute for evidence-based management of viral hepatitis in Ethiopia where antiretroviral therapy guidelines do not cater for viral hepatitis screening during HIV co-infection.

The association between hepatitis B virus mutations and the risk of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Akrami ◽  
Mohammad Rafiee Monjezi ◽  
Shahrzad Ilbeigi ◽  
Farshid Amiri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Fattahi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World

: Hepatitis B virus [HBV], the best-described hepadnavirus, distributed all around the world and may lead to chronic and acute liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the advancement in treatment against HBV, an error-prone reverse transcriptase which is require for HBV replication as well as host immune pressure lead to constant evolution and emergence of genotypes, sub-genotypes and mutant viruses; so, HBV will be remained as a major healthcare problem around the world. This review article mainly focuses on the HBV mutations which correlated to occult HBV infection, Immune scape, vaccine failure and eventually liver cirrhosis and HCC. Current study indicated that preS/S region mutations are related to vaccine failure, immune escape, occult HBV infection and the occurrence of HCC. Whereas, P region Mutations may lead to drug resistance to NA antivirals. PreC/C region mutations are associated to HBeAg negativity, immune escape, and persistent hepatitis. Moreover, X region Mutations play an important role in HCC development.

Occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic liver disease.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15199-e15199
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Costa Diniz ◽  
Luciana Costa Faria ◽  
Paula Vieira Teixeira Vidigal ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Pascoal Xavier ◽  
Nayra Soares do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

e15199 Background: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by persistence of HBV DNA into the tissue of hepatitis B surface antigen-negative individuals. The clinical relevance of this infection is still under debate. In particular, the impact of occult HBV infection in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is uncertain. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of occult HBV in patients with chronic liver disease, with or without HCC, that were submitted to liver transplantation or partial hepatectomy in Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology from Clinical Hospital - UFMG - Brazil. We tested the presence of VHB DNA in liver sample using nested PCR in four different regions of viral genome (pre-S/S, pre –core/core, polymerase and X). We also tested these patients’serum for HVB antigens (HBsAg and HBeAg)and antibodies (anti-HBs, anti-HBe and anti-HBC). Results: Our studied population included 71 patients, 50 (70.4%) were male and had median age of 51±12.5 years. Cirrhosis etiology was alcoholic (22 cases, 32.4%), viral hepatitis (17 cases, 25%), cryptogenic (16 cases, 23.5%), autoimmune (10 cases, 14.7%) and 3 cases of other etiologies. HCC was found in 22 patients (31.4%). Viral DNA was detected in 4 cases (5.6%), three of them with HCC. Among these three cases viral DNA was found in non-tumoral area in two of them and in HCC sample in the other one. Conclusions: The prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection was high in our population of cirrhotic patients submitted to liver transplant, especially with associated HCC.

Influence of mutations in hepatitis B virus surface protein on viral antigenicity and phenotype in occult HBV strains from blood donors

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hao Huang ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Pei-Jer Chen ◽  
Ya-Li Zhang ◽  
Chang-Rong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals In vitro studies identify a low replication phenotype for hepatitis B virus genotype H generally associated with occult HBV and less severe liver disease

Virology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitina Sozzi ◽  
Fang Shen ◽  
Jieliang Chen ◽  
Danni Colledge ◽  
Kathy Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Severe Liver Disease

scholarly journals Low Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Gene amongst Australian Blood Donors

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1275
Author(s):  
Ngoc Minh Hien Phan ◽  
Helen M. Faddy ◽  
Robert L. Flower ◽  
Wayne J. Dimech ◽  
Kirsten M. Spann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Surface Gene

Variants in the small surface gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which codes for viral surface antigen (HBsAg), can affect the efficacy of HBsAg screening assays and can be associated with occult HBV infection (OBI). This study aimed to characterise the molecular diversity of the HBV small surface gene from HBV-reactive Australian blood donors. HBV isolates from 16 HBsAg-positive Australian blood donors’ plasma were sequenced and genotyped by phylogenies of viral coding genes and/or whole genomes. An analysis of the genetic diversity of eight HBV small surface genes from our 16 samples was conducted and compared with HBV sequences from NCBI of 164 international (non-Australian) blood donors. Genotypes A–D were identified in our samples. The region of HBV small surface gene that contained the sequence encoding the ‘a’ determinant had a greater genetic diversity than the remaining part of the gene. No escape mutants or OBI-related variants were observed in our samples. Variant call analysis revealed two samples with a nucleotide deletion leading to truncation of polymerase and/or large/middle surface amino acid sequences. Overall, we found that HBV small surface gene sequences from Australian donors demonstrated a lower level of genetic diversity than those from non-Australian donor population included in the study.

scholarly journals Transmissibility of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection through Blood Transfusion from Blood Donors with Occult HBV Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-F. Yuen ◽  
D. Ka-Ho Wong ◽  
C.-K. Lee ◽  
Y. Tanaka ◽  
J.-P. Allain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS/S gene mutations in blood donors with occult HBV infection in the Baoji area of North China

Transfusion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3pt2) ◽  
pp. 857-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liao ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Jianhong Chen ◽  
Weiping Ding ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
North China ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus
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