scholarly journals Impact of Dose and Route of administration on Antibody Responses of Chickens Inoculated with inactivated Avian Influenza H5 Vaccine.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Ojone Woziri ◽  
Clement Adebajo Meseko ◽  
Faridah Ibrahim Nasir ◽  
Khadijat Abdulkarim ◽  
Folorunso Oludayo Fasina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Sequence Homologies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Avian influenza viruses (AIV) poses significant threats to human and animal lives globally, and in spite of availability of vaccines, only few studies have established the role of passively acquired antibodies in the protection of chickens in sub Saharan Africa. The present study evaluated the influence of dose and route of administration of AI H5 inactivated vaccine on the humoral immune response of ISA brown chickens. Ninety “one-day-old” chickens were purchased from three major commercial hatcheries A, B and C (n = 30 chicks per hatchery), respectively. Results showed significant differences (P < 0.001) in the mean antibody titre levels at day 21 of age between chicks from hatcheries C (2,205.0 ± 409.1) and A (57.7 ± 49.9) at 21 days of age when either 0.2 ml or 0.5 ml of the vaccine was administered IM or SC. In addition, there were intra- and inter dose significant differences (P < 0.001) between the chicks at 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age. Furthermore, intra- and inter route significant differences (P < 0.001) were detected between the chicks at 21 and 35 days of age. Overall, the AI H5 vaccine studied had variable outcomes and poorly immunogenic. Further studies should be conducted to characterize the T- and B-lymphocytes in chickens post AI H5 vaccines administration, and evaluate the sequence homologies between imported AI H5 vaccines and circulating AIV strains in Nigeria.

Role of Water Fleas (Daphniamagna)in the Accumulation of Avian Influenza Viruses from the Surrounding Water

Intervirology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Diekan Abbas ◽  
Jawad Nazir ◽  
Petra Stumpf ◽  
Rachel E. Marschang
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Surrounding Water

scholarly journals Mapping influenza transmission in the ferret model to transmission in humans

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Buhnerkempe ◽  
Katelyn Gostic ◽  
Miran Park ◽  
Prianna Ahsan ◽  
Jessica A Belser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Influenza Transmission ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

The controversy surrounding 'gain-of-function' experiments on high-consequence avian influenza viruses has highlighted the role of ferret transmission experiments in studying the transmission potential of novel influenza strains. However, the mapping between influenza transmission in ferrets and in humans is unsubstantiated. We address this gap by compiling and analyzing 240 estimates of influenza transmission in ferrets and humans. We demonstrate that estimates of ferret secondary attack rate (SAR) explain 66% of the variation in human SAR estimates at the subtype level. Further analysis shows that ferret transmission experiments have potential to identify influenza viruses of concern for epidemic spread in humans, though small sample sizes and biological uncertainties prevent definitive classification of human transmissibility. Thus, ferret transmission experiments provide valid predictions of pandemic potential of novel influenza strains, though results should continue to be corroborated by targeted virological and epidemiological research.

Role of expression of host cytokines in the pathogenesis of H9N2-PB2 reassortant and non-reassortant H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated from crows in BALB/c mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 105239
Author(s):  
Subbiah Kombiah ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Harshad Vinayakrao Murugkar ◽  
Shanmugasundaram Nagarajan ◽  
Chakradhar Tosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
H5n1 Avian Influenza

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Falcated Ducks and Environmental Water in Japan in November 2020

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Ahmed Magdy Khalil ◽  
Yoshikazu Fujimoto ◽  
Isshu Kojima ◽  
Mana Esaki ◽  
Kyonha Ri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Distant Part

We isolated two highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of subtype H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b from falcated duck (Anas falcata) feces and environmental water collected at an overwintering site in Japan. Our isolates were almost genetically identical to each other and showed high genetic similarity with H5N8 HPAIVs recently isolated in South Korea, a distant part of Japan, and European countries. These results suggest the potential role of falcated ducks in the dissemination of HPAIVs.

Antiviral Role of Toll-Like Receptor-3 Agonists Against Seasonal and Avian Influenza Viruses

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1269-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wong ◽  
M. Christopher ◽  
S. Viswanathan ◽  
X. Dai ◽  
A. Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antiviral Role

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated From Falcated Ducks and Environmental Water in Japan in November 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Magdy Khalil ◽  
Yoshikazu Fujimoto ◽  
Isshu Kojima ◽  
Mana Esaki ◽  
Kyonha Ri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Distant Part

We isolated two highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of subtype H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b from falcated duck (Anas falcata) feces and environmental water collected at an overwintering site in Japan. Our isolates were almost genetically identical to each other and showed high genetic similarity with H5N8 HPAIVs recently isolated in South Korea, a distant part of Japan, and European countries. These results suggest the potential role of falcated ducks in the dissemination of HPAIVs.

scholarly journals Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Birds in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Annie Kalonda ◽  
Ngonda Saasa ◽  
Panji Nkhoma ◽  
Masahiro Kajihara ◽  
Hirofumi Sawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Domestic Birds ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Meta Analyses

In the recent past, sub-Saharan Africa has not escaped the devastating effects of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry and wild birds. This systematic review describes the prevalence, spatiotemporal distribution, and virus subtypes detected in domestic and wild birds for the past two decades (2000–2019). We collected data from three electronic databases, PubMed, SpringerLink electronic journals and African Journals Online, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. A total of 1656 articles were reviewed, from which 68 were selected. An overall prevalence of 3.0% AIV in birds was observed. The prevalence varied between regions and ranged from 1.1% to 7.1%. The Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test showed no significant difference in the prevalence of AIV across regions, χ2(3) = 5.237, p = 0.1553 and seasons, T = 820, z = −1.244, p = 0.2136. Nineteen hemagglutinin/neuraminidase subtype combinations were detected during the reviewed period, with southern Africa recording more diverse AIV subtypes than other regions. The most detected subtype was H5N1, followed by H9N2, H5N2, H5N8 and H6N2. Whilst these predominant subtypes were mostly detected in domestic poultry, H1N6, H3N6, H4N6, H4N8, H9N1 and H11N9 were exclusively detected in wild birds. Meanwhile, H5N1, H5N2 and H5N8 were detected in both wild and domestic birds suggesting circulation of these subtypes among wild and domestic birds. Our findings provide critical information on the eco-epidemiology of AIVs that can be used to improve surveillance strategies for the prevention and control of avian influenza in sub-Saharan Africa.

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