scholarly journals A Systematic Review of School Health Policy Measurement Tools: Implementation Determinants and Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M McLoughlin ◽  
Peg Allen ◽  
Callie Walsh-Bailey ◽  
Ross C. Brownson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
School Health ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
School Health Policy ◽  
Health Policy Implementation

Abstract Background: Governments in some countries or states/provinces mandate school-based policies intended to improve the health and well-being of primary and secondary students, and in some cases the health of school staff. Examples include mandating a minimum time spent per week in programmed physical activity, mandating provision of healthy foods and limiting fat content of school meals, and banning tobacco products or use on school campuses. Although school health researchers have studied whether schools, districts, or states/provinces are meeting requirements, it is unclear to what extent implementation processes and determinants are assessed. The purposes of the present systematic review of quantitative measures of school policy implementation are to identify quantitative measures of implementation determinants and Proctor model implementation outcomes and assess pragmatic and psychometric properties of such measures.Methods: Peer-reviewed journal articles published 1995-2020 were included if they: 1) had multiple-item quantitative measures of school policy implementation; and 2) addressed overall wellness, tobacco, physical activity, nutrition, obesity prevention, and mental health/bullying/social-emotional learning. The final sample comprised 86 measurement tools from 67 peer-review articles. We extracted study characteristics, such as psychometric and pragmatic measure properties, from included articles based on three frameworks: Implementation Outcomes Framework, 2) Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and 3) Policy Implementation Determinants Framework.Results: Most implementation tools were developed to measure overall wellness policies which combined multiple policy topics (n=35, 40%) and were in survey form (n=75, 87%). Fidelity was the most frequently prevalent implementation outcome (n=70, 81%), followed by adoption (n=32, 81%). The implementation determinants most assessed were readiness for implementation, including resources (n=43, 50%), leadership (n=42, 49%), and policy communication (n=41, 48%). Overall, measures were low-cost and had easy readability. However, lengthy tools and lack of reported validity/reliability data indicate low transferability.Conclusions: Implementation science can contribute to more complete and rigorous assessment of school health policy implementation processes, which can improve implementation strategies and ultimately the intended health benefits. Several high-quality measures of implementation determinants and implementation outcomes can be applied to school health policy implementation assessment. D&I researchers can also benefit from measurement experiences of school health researchers.

scholarly journals A systematic review of school health policy measurement tools: Implementation determinants and outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M McLoughlin ◽  
Peg Allen ◽  
Callie Walsh-Bailey ◽  
Ross C. Brownson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
School Health ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
School Health Policy ◽  
Health Policy Implementation

Abstract Background Governments in some countries or states/provinces mandate school-based policies intended to improve the health and well-being of primary and secondary students, and in some cases the health of school staff. Examples include mandating a minimum time spent per week in programmed physical activity, mandating provision of healthy foods and limiting fat content of school meals, and banning tobacco products or use on school campuses. Although school health researchers have studied whether schools, districts, or states/provinces are meeting requirements, it is unclear to what extent implementation processes and determinants are assessed. The purposes of the present systematic review of quantitative measures of school policy implementation are to identify quantitative measures of implementation determinants and Proctor model implementation outcomes and assess pragmatic and psychometric properties of such measures. Methods Peer-reviewed journal articles published 1995–2020 were included if they: 1) had multiple-item quantitative measures of school policy implementation; and 2) addressed overall wellness, tobacco, physical activity, nutrition, obesity prevention, and mental health/bullying/social-emotional learning. The final sample comprised 86 measurement tools from 67 peer-review articles. We extracted study characteristics, such as psychometric and pragmatic measure properties, from included articles based on three frameworks: Implementation Outcomes Framework, 2) Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and 3) Policy Implementation Determinants Framework. Results Most implementation tools were developed to measure overall wellness policies which combined multiple policy topics (n = 35, 40%) and were in survey form (n = 75, 87%). Fidelity was the most frequently prevalent implementation outcome (n = 70, 81%), followed by adoption (n = 32, 81%). The implementation determinants most assessed were readiness for implementation, including resources (n = 43, 50%), leadership (n = 42, 49%), and policy communication (n = 41, 48%). Overall, measures were low-cost and had easy readability. However, lengthy tools and lack of reported validity/reliability data indicate low transferability. Conclusions Implementation science can contribute to more complete and rigorous assessment of school health policy implementation processes, which can improve implementation strategies and ultimately the intended health benefits. Several high-quality measures of implementation determinants and implementation outcomes can be applied to school health policy implementation assessment. D&I researchers can also benefit from measurement experiences of school health researchers.

scholarly journals A systematic review of school health policy measurement tools: implementation determinants and outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M. McLoughlin ◽  
Peg Allen ◽  
Callie Walsh-Bailey ◽  
Ross C. Brownson
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
School Health ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Policy Measurement ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
School Health Policy ◽  
Health Policy Implementation

Abstract Background Governments in some countries or states/provinces mandate school-based policies intended to improve the health and well-being of primary and secondary students and in some cases the health of school staff. Examples include mandating a minimum time spent per week in programmed physical activity, mandating provision of healthy foods and limiting fat content of school meals, and banning tobacco products or use on school campuses. Although school health researchers have studied whether schools, districts, or states/provinces are meeting requirements, it is unclear to what extent implementation processes and determinants are assessed. The purposes of the present systematic review of quantitative measures of school policy implementation were to (1) identify quantitative school health policy measurement tools developed to measure implementation at the school, district, or state/provincial levels; (2) describe the policy implementation outcomes and determinants assessed and identify the trends in measurement; and (3) assess pragmatic and psychometric properties of identified implementation measures to understand their quality and suitability for broader application. Methods Peer-reviewed journal articles published 1995–2020 were included if they (1) had multiple-item quantitative measures of school policy implementation and (2) addressed overall wellness, tobacco, physical activity, nutrition, obesity prevention, or mental health/bullying/social-emotional learning. The final sample comprised 86 measurement tools from 67 peer-review articles. We extracted study characteristics, such as psychometric and pragmatic measure properties, from included articles based on three frameworks: (1) Implementation Outcomes Framework, (2) Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and (3) Policy Implementation Determinants Framework. Results Most implementation tools were developed to measure overall wellness policies which combined multiple policy topics (n = 35, 40%) and were in survey form (n = 75, 87%). Fidelity was the most frequently prevalent implementation outcome (n = 70, 81%), followed by adoption (n = 32, 81%). The implementation determinants most assessed were readiness for implementation, including resources (n = 43, 50%), leadership (n = 42, 49%), and policy communication (n = 41, 48%). Overall, measures were low-cost and had easy readability. However, lengthy tools and lack of reported validity/reliability data indicate low transferability. Conclusions Implementation science can contribute to more complete and rigorous assessment of school health policy implementation processes, which can improve implementation strategies and ultimately the intended health benefits. Several high-quality measures of implementation determinants and implementation outcomes can be applied to school health policy implementation assessment. Dissemination and implementation science researchers can also benefit from measurement experiences of school health researchers.

Development of a School Health Policy Implementation Survey: A Delphi Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052110575
Author(s):  
Heide R. Cygan ◽  
Rachael D. Dombrowski ◽  
E. Whitney G. Moore ◽  
Jamie Tully ◽  
Kimberly Kin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
School Health ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
School Practices ◽  
School Health Policy ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Environmental Audits ◽  
Health Policy Implementation

Data on school health policy implementation are limited due to the absence of a validated measurement tool. The purpose of this study was to create and pilot a school health policy implementation survey. A modified, four-round Delphi process was used to achieve consensus on content and format of the survey. The final 76-item survey was piloted in 655 schools with a return rate of 57.1% (n  =  378). Seven schools participated in environmental audits. Based on the audits, survey responses represented an accurate description of school practices for 84.2% (n  =  64) of questions. The remaining 15.8% (n  =  12) of survey items were eliminated or revised. This measurement tool begins to fill the research gap between the evaluation of written school health policy and implementation. Further, this tool may be used by school nurses in alignment with the Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice.

scholarly journals Key factors for school health policy implementation in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tomokawa ◽  
S Kaewviset ◽  
J Saito ◽  
T Akiyama ◽  
J Waikugul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
School Health ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
School Health Policy ◽  
Health Policy Implementation

School Health Policy Implementation: Facilitators and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
Heide Cygan ◽  
Carly Tribbia ◽  
Jamie Tully
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
School Health ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
Student Health ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
School Health Policy ◽  
Wellness Policies

Schools are uniquely positioned to impact student health and academic outcomes through health and wellness policies. The purpose of this study was to describe factors influencing implementation of school health and wellness policies, specifically those focused on physical activity and nutrition. In-depth, stakeholder interviews were conducted with key informants at eight Chicago Public Schools (K–eighth grade). Data were analyzed using summative content analysis. Two themes were identified, facilitators and challenges to policy implementation. Facilitators included district support and motivation (internal and external). Challenges included limited school nurse availability, breaking tradition and budget. The external community and wellness team composition fell within both themes. Specific strategies are suggested to build upon policy implementation facilitators and overcome challenges. While school nurses play an integral role in student health and wellness, further research is needed to understand school nurse impact on student health and academic outcomes through school health policy.

scholarly journals The Differences in Physical Activity Preferences and Practices among High versus Low Active Adolescents in Secondary Schools

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Karel Frömel ◽  
Dorota Groffik ◽  
Michal Kudláček ◽  
Michal Šafář ◽  
Anna Zwierzchowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
School Health ◽  
International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Different Types ◽  
School Health Policy ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

This study aimed to (a) identify the differences in the preferred, practiced, and organized physical activity (PA) between high and low physically active Czech and Polish boys and girls and to (b) identify which types of PA are likely to be recommended by low active boys and girls. The research was carried out between 2010 and 2019 in the Czech Republic and Poland and included 6619 participants aged 15 to 19 years. The preferences and practices of the different types of PA and participation in organized PA were identified using a PA preference questionnaire and weekly PA was identified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form. Czech and Polish boys and girls who were low active preferred less physically demanding and more health-oriented PA compared with high active individuals. Power exercises and participation in organized PA are the most significant predictors of achieving at least 3 × 20 min of vigorous PA per week among low active individuals in both countries. Monitoring the trends in the preferred and practiced types of PA among boys and girls is crucial for the effective promotion of PA to low active boys and girls and positive changes in physical education and school health policy.

Health Policy Implementation and Its Barriers

2016 ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
Augustine Nduka Eneanya
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Health System ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Health Policy Implementation

The chapter describes policy implementation components of a health system in United States of America and explains how they affect health outcomes (service delivery). It argues that implemented policies affect various components of a health system in terms of service delivery, workforce, information, financing, medical products, technologies, leadership and governance. Using health system as framework of analysis, the paper explains that the outcome of health policy implementation determines the availability, quality and equitability of program service delivery. The chapter goes on to argue that policy implementation barriers, such as demand-and supply-side barriers, market, insufficient resources, cultural barriers, imperfect communication, information, education, coordination, leadership and governance affect the poor and vulnerable groups in developed and developing countries from benefitting from public spending on public health policies and programs.

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