Evaluating the Clinical Reasoning of Student Health Professionals in Placement and Simulation Settings: A Systematic Review

(1) Background: Clinical reasoning is essential to the effective practice of autonomous health professionals and is, therefore, an essential capability to develop as students. This review aimed to systematically identify the tools available to health professional educators to evaluate students’ attainment of clinical reasoning capabilities in clinical placement and simulation settings. (2) Methods: A systemic review of seven databases was undertaken. Peer-reviewed, English-language publications reporting studies that developed or tested relevant tools were included. Searches included multiple terms related to clinical reasoning and health disciplines. Data regarding each tool’s conceptual basis and evaluated constructs were systematically extracted and analysed. (3) Results: Most of the 61 included papers evaluated students in medical and nursing disciplines, and over half reported on the Script Concordance Test or Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric. A number of conceptual frameworks were referenced, though many papers did not reference any framework. (4) Conclusions: Overall, key outcomes highlighted an emphasis on diagnostic reasoning, as opposed to management reasoning. Tools were predominantly aligned with individual health disciplines and with limited cross-referencing within the field. Future research into clinical reasoning evaluation tools should build on and refer to existing approaches and consider contributions across professional disciplinary divides.

Associação entre exposição ao comportamento sedentário, indicadores de sono e fatores comportamentais em adolescentes

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre exposição ao comportamento sedentário (ECS), indicadores de qualidade do sono e outros comportamentos de risco à saúde em adolescentes do estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico com delineamento transversal com amostra representativa de 4139 escolares da rede pública de Sergipe. A coleta dos dados foi através do questionário Global Student Health Survey (GSHS, OMS). A variável desfecho analisada no estudo foi a (ECS), considerou-se expostos os adolescentes com período ≥ 3 horas por dia. Foram selecionadas como variáveis independentes o consumo de álcool, uso de drogas, tabagismo, duração e autoavaliação do sono e como variáveis de controle sexo, idade e a renda média familiar. Para associação entre as variáveis foi utilizado a regressão logística binária. A análise revelou que as variáveis sexo, idade, renda média familiar, consumo de álcool, uso de drogas e duração do sono mostraram-se associadas a ECS após ajuste. Dormir oito horas ou menos por dia apresentou-se como fator de proteção para ECS. O estudo concluiu que ECS dos estudantes possui elevada prevalência e associação com fatores multivariados entre os adolescentes de Sergipe, assim fica evidente a necessidade de intervenções que visem a redução da ECS e outros comportamentos de risco à saúde.

Dual Burden of Malnutrition Among Adolescents With Hunger Aged 12–15 Years in 41 Countries: Findings From the Global School-Based Student Health Survey

Background: Hunger is a pandemic among adolescents, resulting in both underweight and obesity, and posing a substantial health challenge.Objective: To estimate the dual burden of malnutrition among adolescents with hunger.Design: Data were from the Global school-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). In total, data from 26,986 adolescents with hunger across 5 regions and 41 countries between 2010 and 2015 were analyzed in this study. Weighted prevalence and mean estimates of underweight, overweight, and obesity were calculated by gender, age, and country. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for regional and country-level income.Results: The total prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among young adolescents with hunger was 6.2% (95% CI: 4.4–8.0%), 25.1% (95% CI: 20.3–29.9%) and 8.9% (95% CI: 6.5–11.3%), respectively. Southeast Asia had the highest prevalence of underweight (17.2%; 95% CI: 7.3–27.0%). America had the highest regional prevalence of obesity (11.1%; 95% CI: 7.2–15.1%) and overweight (28.9%; 95% CI: 21.9–35.9%). Low income countries had relatively high prevalence of underweight (11.5%; 95% CI: 3.2–19.9%). High income countries had the highest prevalence of obesity (17.4%; 95% CI: 14.9–19.9%) and overweight (38.7%; 95% CI: 32.0–45.4%). The co-existence of underweight and overweight among adolescents with hunger was highest in the Eastern Mediterranean region, and in upper-middle and high-income countries.Conclusions: There is a dual burden of underweight and obesity among adolescents with hunger aged 12–15 years, which differs between geographical regions. The integration of targeted interventions and policies is required to simultaneously address both underweight and increasing rates of obesity among adolescents with hunger in different regions.

Student Health Information Literacy Against Pandemi Covid-19 (Study for Students FISIP, University of Bengkulu

Background: Health is becoming important today, especially during a pandemi situation. Everyone needs to take care of their health to avoid Covid-19. There are many information that students can use in maintaining their health from the internet. This is the basis for researchers to see student health information literacy. Research objectives: to determine the health information literacy of students from Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Bengkulu and see the relationship between gender and study program with the dimensions of health information literacy. Research Methods: This study uses quantitative research using sample of 95 students of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Bengkulu. The determination of the sample is based on the stratified sampling. Finding: Respondents already have health information literacy, especially information on Covid-19. The majority of respondents have an interest in finding information about Covid-19. Respondents already have health information literacy skills in the aspects of identifying, searching for, finding, and using the Covid-19 information they find. Female respondents have more health information literacy than men. In this type of education, Journalism study program students have information literacy compared to other study programs, especially in finding, evaluating and using Covid-19’s information. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that students of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Bengkulu have health information literacy skills in seeking information on Covid-19 during the pandemi season.