scholarly journals The effects of seaward distance on above and below ground carbon stocks in estuarine mangrove ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia de Jong Cleyndert ◽  
Aida Cuni-Sanchez ◽  
Hamidu A Seki ◽  
Deo D Shirima ◽  
Pantaleo K.T. Munishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
True Value ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Carbon Store ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Background: Mangrove forests have gained recognition for their potential role in climate change mitigation due to the carbon sequestration of the productive ecosystems and storage in the sediments that are trapped by the mangrove tree roots and pneumatophores. Africa hosts about 19% of the world’s mangroves, yet there are relatively few studies that have examined the carbon stocks of African mangroves, and the studies available report great differences among sites and amongst the different pools of carbon stocks, particularly between the above ground carbon stored in trees (AGC) and organic carbon stored within the sediment - ‘soil organic carbon (SOC)’ and none considered the effects of seaward distance. We investigate if AGC and SOC carbon stocks differ with increasing seaward distance for estuarine mangroves in Tanzania and, how our results compare to those reported elsewhere across Africa.Results: AGC ranged between 10.9-54.9 Mg C ha-1 , but was not significantly affected by seaward distance. SOC for 0-1m depth ranged from 153.7-483.6, with a mean of 301.7 Mg C ha-1. SOC was significantly negatively correlated with seaward distance, which is different from studies in Micronesia and the Indo-Pacific. Mangrove type (estuarine/oceanic), soil erosion and soil depth may explain these differences We note important methodological differences in previous studies on carbon stocks in mangroves in Africa. Conclusion:This study indicates that seaward distance has an important effect on SOC stocks in the Lindi region of Tanzania. There is the need to standardise methodological approaches for mangroves in Africa, to report seaward distance and to describe the type of mangrove stand to make results easily comparable across sites and to assess the true value of Blue Carbon in Africa. We recommend focusing on trees >10cm diameter for AGC, and sampling soils to greater than 1m depth for SOC, which would provide a more complete assessment of the potentially considerable mangrove carbon store.

scholarly journals The effects of seaward distance on above and below ground carbon stocks in estuarine mangrove ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia de Jong Cleyndert ◽  
Aida Cuni-Sanchez ◽  
Hamidu A Seki ◽  
Deo D Shirima ◽  
Pantaleo K.T. Munishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
True Value ◽  
Carbon Store ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract Background: Mangrove forests have gained recognition for their potential role in climate change mitigation due to carbon sequestration in live trees, and carbon storage in the sediments trapped by mangrove tree roots and pneumatophores. Africa hosts about 19% of the world’s mangroves, yet relatively few studies have examined the carbon stocks of African mangroves. The available studies report considerable differences among sites and amongst the different pools of carbon stocks. None considered the effects of seaward distance. We present details of AGC and SOC carbon stocks for Lindi in Tanzania, and focus on how these values differ with increasing seaward distance and, how our results compare to those reported elsewhere across Africa.Results: AGC ranged between 11-55Mg C ha-1, but was not significantly affected by seaward distance. SOC for 0-1m depth ranged from 154-484, with a mean of 302 Mg C ha-1. SOC was significantly negatively correlated with seaward distance. Mangrove type (estuarine/oceanic), soil erosion, soil depth may explain these differences We note important methodological differences in previous studies on carbon stocks in mangroves in Africa. Conclusion:This study indicates that seaward distance has an important effect on SOC stocks in the Lindi region of Tanzania. SOC should be fully incorporated into national climate change mitigation policies. Studies should report seaward distance and to describe the type of mangrove stand to make results easily comparable across sites and to assess the true value of Blue Carbon in Africa. We recommend focusing on trees >10cm diameter for AGC, and sampling soils to at least 1m depth for SOC, which would provide a more complete assessment of the potentially considerable mangrove carbon store.

scholarly journals The effects of seaward distance on above and below ground carbon stocks in estuarine mangrove ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia de Jong Cleyndert ◽  
Aida Cuni-Sanchez ◽  
Hamidu A. Seki ◽  
Deo D. Shirima ◽  
Pantaleo K. T. Munishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
True Value ◽  
Carbon Store ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract Background Mangrove forests have gained recognition for their potential role in climate change mitigation due to carbon sequestration in live trees, and carbon storage in the sediments trapped by mangrove tree roots and pneumatophores. Africa hosts about 19% of the world’s mangroves, yet relatively few studies have examined the carbon stocks of African mangroves. The available studies report considerable differences among sites and amongst the different pools of carbon stocks. None considered the effects of seaward distance. We present details of AGC and SOC carbon stocks for Lindi in Tanzania, and focus on how these values differ with increasing seaward distance and, how our results compare to those reported elsewhere across Africa. Results AGC ranged between 11 and 55 Mg C ha−1, but was not significantly affected by seaward distance. SOC for 0–1 m depth ranged from 154 to 484, with a mean of 302 Mg C ha−1. SOC was significantly negatively correlated with seaward distance. Mangrove type (estuarine/oceanic), soil erosion, soil depth may explain these differences We note important methodological differences in previous studies on carbon stocks in mangroves in Africa. Conclusion This study indicates that seaward distance has an important effect on SOC stocks in the Lindi region of Tanzania. SOC should be fully incorporated into national climate change mitigation policies. Studies should report seaward distance and to describe the type of mangrove stand to make results easily comparable across sites and to assess the true value of Blue Carbon in Africa. We recommend focusing on trees > 10 cm diameter for AGC, and sampling soils to at least 1 m depth for SOC, which would provide a more complete assessment of the potentially considerable mangrove carbon store.

scholarly journals What lies beneath? Above ground and sediment carbon storage in mangroves along a sea to shore gradient in Lindi, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia de Jong Cleyndert ◽  
Aida Cuni-Sanchez ◽  
Hamidu A Seki ◽  
Deo D Shirima ◽  
Pantaleo K.T. Munishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Sediment Carbon ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Background: Mangrove forests have gained recognition for their potential role in climate change mitigation due to the carbon sequestration of the productive ecosystems and storage in the sediments that are trapped by the mangrove tree roots and pneumatophores. Africa hosts about 19% of the world’s mangroves, yet there are relatively few studies that have examined the carbon stocks of African mangroves, and the studies available report great differences among sites and amongst the different pools of carbon stocks, particularly between the above ground carbon stored in trees (AGC) and organic carbon stored within the sediment - ‘soil organic carbon (SOC)’. We investigate if AGC and SOC carbon stocks differ with increasing seaward distance for estuarine mangroves in Tanzania and, how our results compare to those reported elsewhere across Africa.Results: AGC ranged between 10.9-54.9 Mg C ha-1. Stem density, basal area, mean diameter and mean height increased with increasing seaward distance, but percentage of small stems (5.0-9.9 cm diameter) decreased. SOC for 0-1m depth ranged from 153.7-483.6, with a mean of 301.7 Mg C ha-1. SOC was significantly negatively correlated with seaward distance. Overall, our estimates of AGC are similar to those reported elsewhere in Tanzania but our estimates of SOC are higher as we sampled at a greater depth. There are important methodological differences in previous studies in Africa. Conclusion:This study indicates that seaward distance has an important effect on both AGC and SOC stocks in the Lindi region of Tanzania and there is the need to standardise methodological approaches to make results easily comparable across sites. The high SOC value is likely to be much greater if the full extent of the sediment system is assessed and so if Tanzania and other African nations are to fully benefit from carbon offsetting schemes, it is essential that the contribution of mangrove sediment carbon is considered.

Estimasi Kandungan Biomassa dan Karbon di Hutan Mangrove Perancak Kabupaten Jembrana, Provinsi Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryono Suryono ◽  
Nirwani Soenardjo ◽  
Edi Wibowo ◽  
Raden Ario ◽  
Edi Fahrur Rozy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Carbon Store ◽  
Lower Carbon

Ekosistem mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis sebagai penyerap dan penyimpan karbon. Mangrove menyerap CO2 pada saat proses fotosintesis, kemudian mengubahnya menjadi karbohidrat dengan menyimpannya dalam bentuk biomassa pada akar ,pohon, serta daun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui total above ground biomass, belowground biomass, simpanan karbon atas, simpanan karbon bawah, dan karbon organik pada sedimen dasar  di Hutan Mangrove Perancak, Jembrana, Bali. Sampling dilakukan dengan  metode purposive sampling dengan dasar pertimbangan berupa jenis, kerapatan serta diameter pohon mangrove. Estimasi biomassa digunakan  metode tanpa pemanenan dengan mengukur diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) mangrove. Simpanan karbon diestimasi dari 46% biomasa. Kandungan karbon organik pada sedimen diukur dengan  menggunakan metode lost on ignition (LOI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total above ground biomass sebesar 187,21 ton/ha, below ground biomass sebesar 125,43 ton/ha, simpanan karbon atas sebesar 86,11 ton/ha, simpanan karbon bawah sebesar 57,69 ton/ha, sedangkan  karbon organik sedimen sebesar 359,24 ton/ha. The mangrove ecosystem has ecological functions as an absorber and carbon storage. Mangrove absorbs CO2 during the process of photosynthesis, then changes it into carbohydrates bystoring it in the form of tree biomass. The aim of this research is to know the total of above ground biomass, below ground biomass, upper carbon storage, lower carbon storage, and sediment organic carbon in Perancak Mangrove Forest, Jembrana, Bali. The selection of sampling location using purposive sampling method with consideration of type, density and diameter of mangrove. The estimatorion of biomass using the method without harvesting by measuring diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) mangrove. Carbon deposits are estimated from46% of biomass. The organic carbon content of sediment was measured using the lost on ignition (LOI) method. The results showedthat  the total of above ground biomass of 187.21 ton / ha, below ground biomass 125,43 ton / ha, upper carbon store of 86,11 ton / ha, lower carbon store of 57,69 ton / ha, and organic carbon sedimen to 359.24 tons / ha.

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon Depletion from Forests to Grasslands Conversion in Mexico: A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deb Aryal ◽  
Danilo Morales Ruiz ◽  
César Tondopó Marroquín ◽  
René Pinto Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Guevara Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Soc Stocks

Land use change from forests to grazing lands is one of the important sources of greenhouse gas emissions in many parts of the tropics. The objective of this study was to analyze the extent of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss from the conversion of native forests to pasturelands in Mexico. We analyzed 66 sets of published research data with simultaneous measurements of soil organic carbon stocks between native forests and pasturelands in Mexico. We used a generalized linear mixed effect model to evaluate the effect of land use change (forest versus pasture), soil depth, and original native forest types. The model showed that there was a significant reduction in SOC stocks due to the conversion of native forests to pasturelands. The median loss of SOC ranged from 31.6% to 52.0% depending upon the soil depth. The highest loss was observed in tropical mangrove forests followed by highland tropical forests and humid tropical forests. Higher loss was detected in upper soil horizon (0–30 cm) compared to deeper horizons. The emissions of CO2 from SOC loss ranged from 46.7 to 165.5 Mg CO2 eq. ha−1 depending upon the type of original native forests. In this paper, we also discuss the effect that agroforestry practices such as silvopastoral arrangements and other management practices like rotational grazing, soil erosion control, and soil nutrient management can have in enhancing SOC stocks in tropical grasslands. The results on the degree of carbon loss can have strong implications in adopting appropriate management decisions that recover or retain carbon stocks in biomass and soils of tropical livestock production systems.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon stocks controlled by lithology and soil depth in a Peruvian alpine grassland of the Andes

CATENA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyu Yang ◽  
Erik Cammeraat ◽  
Boris Jansen ◽  
Michael den Haan ◽  
Emiel van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Alpine Grassland ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks

Top-meter soil organic carbon stocks and sources in restored mangrove forests of different ages

2018 ◽  
Vol 422 ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangcheng Chen ◽  
Min Gao ◽  
Bopeng Pang ◽  
Shunyang Chen ◽  
Yong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Different Ages

Impacts of fire on soil organic carbon stocks in a grazed semi-arid tropical Australian savanna: accounting for landscape variability

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Allen ◽  
P. M. Bloesch ◽  
R. A. Cowley ◽  
T. G. Orton ◽  
J. E. Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Soc Stocks

Fire and grazing are commonplace in Australian tropical savannas and the effects of these management practices on soil organic carbon stocks (SOC) is not well understood. A long-term (20 years) experiment studying the effects of fire on a grazed semi-arid tropical savanna was used to increase this understanding. Treatments, including frequency of fire (every 2, 4 and 6 years), season of fire [early (June) vs late (October) dry season] and unburnt control plots, were imposed on Vertosol grassland and Calcarosol woodland sites, which were grazed. Additionally long-term enclosures [unburnt (except the Calcarosol in 2001) and ungrazed since 1973] on each soil type adjacent to each site were sampled, although not included in statistical analyses. SOC stocks were measured to a soil depth of 0.3 m using a wet oxidation method (to avoid interference by carbonates) and compared on an equivalent soil mass basis. Significant treatment differences in SOC stocks were tested for, while accounting for spatial background variation within each site. SOC stocks (0–0.3 m soil depth) ranged between 10.1 and 28.9 t ha–1 (Vertosol site) and 20.7 and 54.9 t ha–1 (Calcarosol site). There were no consistent effects of frequency or season of fire on SOC stocks, possibly reflecting the limited statistical power of the study and inherent spatial variability observed. Differences in the response to frequency and season of fire observed between these soils may have been due to differences in clay type, plant species composition and/or preferential grazing activity associated with fire management. There may also have been differences in C input between treatments and sites due to differences in the herbage mass and post-fire grazing activity on both sites and changed pasture composition, higher herbage fuel load, and a reduction in woody cover on the Vertosol site. This study demonstrated the importance of accounting for background spatial variability and treatment replication (in the absence of baseline values) when assessing SOC stocks in relation to management practices. Given the absence of baseline SOC values and the potentially long period required to obtain changes in SOC in rangelands, modelling of turnover of SOC in relation to background spatial variability would enable management scenarios to be considered in relation to landscape variation that may be unrelated to management. These considerations are important for reducing uncertainty in C-flux accounting and to provide accurate and cost-effective methods for land managers considering participation in the C economy.

scholarly journals Carbon storage in cocoa growing systems across different agroecological zones in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tennyson Afele ◽  
Evans Dawoe ◽  
Akwasi Adutwum Abunyewa ◽  
Victor Afari-Sefa ◽  
Richard Asare
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Collaborative Program ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Shade grown cocoa systems have been credited with stocking high quantities of carbon and therefore possess the potential to mitigate climate change and help achieve targets of the United Nations Collaborative Program on Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). This study quantifies and compares carbon stored as well as estimated cocoa yields in two shade management types (i.e., shaded and full sun) across three agroecological zones: Dry Semi-Deciduous Fire Zone (DSFZ), Moist Evergreen Zone (MEZ) and Upland Evergreen Moist Zone (UEMZ) in Ghana.  Results show that Soil organic carbon (SOC) stored decreased with increasing soil depth across all agroecological zones. Cocoa farms with shade trees stored 6 times more soil carbon (35.90±1.56 Mg C ha-1) compared to the full sun systems (5.98±1.56 Mg C ha-1). Carbon stocks in the DSFZ and the MEZ were 61.73±1.02 Mg C/ha and 67.46±1.02 Mg C ha-1 respectively whiles the UEMZ recorded 85.10 Mg C ha-1. Across agroecological zones, pod count in the UEMZ and the MEZ were similar but varied from that of the DSFZ, which recorded the least. Wilting of pods and cherrelles, was minimal and similar in the UMEZ and the MEZ but was significantly higher in the DSFZ. It is recommended that farmers should be encouraged through strong policies to adopt the integration of shade trees in the production of cocoa in Ghana to mitigate the effects of climate change.

scholarly journals Impacts of oil palm cultivation on soil organic carbon stocks in Mexico: evidence from plantations in Tabasco State

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Alfredo Isaac Brindis-Santos ◽  
David Jesús Palma-López ◽  
Ena Edith Mata-Zayas ◽  
David Julián Palma-Cancino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Comparison Results

There is a need for more studies on the effects of oil palm plantations on soil organic carbon storage and on the environmental services provided by these agrosystems in Mexico. This study focused on estimating the soil organic carbon stocks in three areas within oil palm plantations (palm circle, under the frond and between palm rows), at three soil depths (20, 40 and 60 cm) and comparing the carbon storage between different land-uses: a 20-year-old pasture (GS20), a 20-year-old oil palm plantation (OP20), and a secondary forest (SF20). Our results suggest that oil palm plantations store soil organic carbon mainly under frond areas when sown in lixisols and luvisols, with lower carbon sequestration in the palm circle. Regarding the soil depth, the estimated carbon storage was 87 Mg C ha−1 and 67 Mg C ha−1 at depths of 20 and 60 cm, respectively. Regarding land-use comparison, results indicate an increase (not statistically significant) in carbon storage to 27% at 20 cm depth and 18% at 60 cm between pasture and palm plantation. The second-growth forest presented higher carbon storage compared to both other land uses.

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