scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and participation frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article. Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria. Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency.Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in February 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: 56 studies published between 1994 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours.Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is there a health inequality in gambling related harms? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie N. Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard J. Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and participation frequency. Primary and secondary outcome measures Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 4) not available as a full article. Methods We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria. Results A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Raybould ◽  
Michael Larkin ◽  
Richard Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Gambling Harms

Abstract Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and participation frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N Raybould ◽  
M Larkin ◽  
R. J Tunney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Target Prevention ◽  
Gambling Harms

ABSTRACTObjectiveHere we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency.Primary and Secondary Outcome MeasuresInclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) not written in English; 2) not an empirical study (i.e. an editorial piece or letter); 3) not available as a full article.SearchA systematic search was conducted using the Web of Science database in August 2019. Selected studies were assessed for quality using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.ResultsForty-Seven studies published between 2006 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, risk severity and gambling behaviours. However, the majority of research regarding gender concluded that harm profiles were similar, or differences could be explained by confounding variables.ConclusionHarms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of the Use of Phytochemicals for Management of Pain in Cancer Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Harrison ◽  
Fabrice Heritier ◽  
Bennett G. Childs ◽  
J. Michael Bostwick ◽  
Mikhail A. Dziadzko
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Successful Management

Pain in cancer therapy is a common condition and there is a need for new options in therapeutic management. While phytochemicals have been proposed as one pain management solution, knowledge of their utility is limited. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the biomedical literature for the use of phytochemicals for management of cancer therapy pain in human subjects. Of an initial database search of 1,603 abstracts, 32 full-text articles were eligible for further assessment. Only 7 of these articles met all inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The average relative risk of phytochemical versus control was 1.03 [95% CI 0.59 to 2.06]. In other words (although not statistically significant), patients treated with phytochemicals were slightly more likely than patients treated with control to obtain successful management of pain in cancer therapy. We identified a lack of quality research literature on this subject and thus were unable to demonstrate a clear therapeutic benefit for either general or specific use of phytochemicals in the management of cancer pain. This lack of data is especially apparent for psychotropic phytochemicals, such as theCannabisplant (marijuana). Additional implications of our findings are also explored.

scholarly journals Timing of device reimplantation and reinfection rates following cardiac implantable electronic device infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Chew ◽  
Ranjani Somayaji ◽  
John Conly ◽  
Derek Exner ◽  
Elissa Rennert-May
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Device Infection ◽  
Incident Rate

ObjectivesInitial management of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection requires removal of the infected CIED system and treatment with systemic antibiotics. However, the optimal timing to device reimplantation is unknown. The aim of this study was to quantify the incidence of reinfection after initial management of CIED infection, and to assess the effect of timing to reimplantation on reinfection rates.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.InterventionsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of studies published up to February 2018. Inclusion criteria were: (a) documented CIED infection, (b) studies that reported the timing to device reimplantation and (c) studies that reported the proportion of participants with device reinfection. A meta-analysis of proportions using a random effects model was performed to estimate the pooled device reinfection rate.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the rate of CIED reinfection. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality.ResultsOf the 280 screened studies, 8 met inclusion criteria with an average of 96 participants per study (range 15–220 participants). The pooled incidence rate of device reinfection was 0.45% (95% CI, 0.02% to 1.23%) per person year. A longer time to device reimplantation >72 hours was associated with a trend towards higher rates of reinfection (unadjusted incident rate ratio 4.8; 95% CI 0.9 to 24.3, p=0.06); however, the meta-regression analysis was unable to adjust for important clinical covariates. There did not appear to be a difference in reinfection rates when time to reimplantation was stratified at 1 week. Heterogeneity was moderate (I2=61%).ConclusionsThe incident rate of reinfection following initial management of CIED infection is not insignificant. Time to reimplantation may affect subsequent rates of device reinfection. Our findings are considered exploratory and significant heterogeneity limits interpretation.PROSERO registration numberCRD4201810960.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomic associations of adverse drug reactions in asthma: systematic review and research prioritisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte King ◽  
Amanda McKenna ◽  
Niloufar Farzan ◽  
Susanne J. Vijverberg ◽  
Marc P. van der Schee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Adrenal Suppression ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor ◽  
Pharmacogenomic Studies

Abstract A systematic review of pharmacogenomic studies capturing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to asthma medications was undertaken, and a survey of Pharmacogenomics in Childhood Asthma (PiCA) consortia members was conducted. Studies were eligible if genetic polymorphisms were compared with suspected ADR(s) in a patient with asthma, as either a primary or secondary outcome. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The ADRs and polymorphisms identified were change in lung function tests (rs1042713), adrenal suppression (rs591118), and decreased bone mineral density (rs6461639) and accretion (rs9896933, rs2074439). Two of these polymorphisms were replicated within the paper, but none had external replication. Priorities from PiCA consortia members (representing 15 institution in eight countries) for future studies were tachycardia (SABA/LABA), adrenal suppression/crisis and growth suppression (corticosteroids), sleep/behaviour disturbances (leukotriene receptor antagonists), and nausea and vomiting (theophylline). Future pharmacogenomic studies in asthma should collect relevant ADR data as well as markers of efficacy.

scholarly journals The use of unmanned aerial vehicles for health purposes: a systematic review of experimental studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Carrillo-Larco ◽  
M. Moscoso-Porras ◽  
A. Taype-Rondan ◽  
A. Ruiz-Alejos ◽  
A. Bernabe-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

BackgroundUnmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) have had a rapid escalation in manageability and affordability, which can be exploited in healthcare. We conducted a systematic review examining the use of drones for health-related purposes.MethodsA search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, CINAHL and SciELO. Experimental studies were selected if the population included human subjects, the intervention was the use of UAVs and there was a health-related outcome.ResultsOf 500 results, five met inclusion criteria during an initial search. An updated search yielded four additional studies. Nine studies, all in high-income countries, were included for systematic syntheses: four studies addressed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest emergencies, three assessed drones for identification of people after accidents, one used drones to transport blood samples and one used drones to improve surgical procedures in war zones.ConclusionsResearch on the use of drones in healthcare is limited to simulation scenarios, and this review did not retrieve any studies from low- and middle-income countries.

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