scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Plasmodium vivax Isolates from Pakistan Using Circumsporozoite Protein (PvCSP) and Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (PvMSP-1) Genes as Genetic Markers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Bibi ◽  
Anam Fatima ◽  
Rehana Rani ◽  
Ayesha Maqbool ◽  
Samea Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Circumsporozoite Protein ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Variant Type ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Plasmodium vivax contribute over 70% malaria burden in Pakistan. Limited data exist on various aspects including genetic diversity of the parasite as compared to other parts of the world. The information about extent of genetic diversity assists to understand the transmission patterns of the parasite in human host. The current study was designed to understand population divergence of Plasmodium vivax in Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein and merozoite surface protein-I genes as molecular markers.Methods PvCSP and PvMSP-1 specific PCR and DNA sequencing were carried out for 150 blood samples collected from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Genetic diversity was analysed using ChromasPro, ClustalW, MEGA7 and DnaSP v.5 programs.Results The PCR for PvCSP and PvMSP-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates resulting the PCR products ranging from 900 to 1100 bp for PvCSP gene and ~ 400 bp for PvMSP-1 gene. Majority (93%; 121/150) of the P. vivax isolates were of VK210 variant type and only 9 isolates were found of VK247 variant type based on PvCSP gene. Out of the numerous peptide repeat motifs (PRMs) detected, GDRADGQPA (PRM1) and GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) were more extensively dispersed among the P. vivax isolates. Partial sequences (~ 400 bp) at the N-terminal of PvMSP-1 gene depicted high level of diversity.Conclusion High-level genetic diversity based on PvCSP and PvMSP-1 genes was observed in clinical isolated in the study area. Parasite typing is essential in predicting pattern of antigenic variations, drug resistance and for effective drug and vaccine designing and development which can further evaluate for malaria control and eradication at individual and community level. The base-line data presented here warrant future studies to investigate more into the genetic diversity of P. vivax with large sample size from across the country for better understanding of the vivax malaria transmission patterns.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Plasmodium vivax Isolates from Pakistan Using Circumsporozoite Protein (PvCSP) and Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (PvMSP-1) genes as genetic markers 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Bibi ◽  
Anam Fatima ◽  
Rehana Rani ◽  
Ayesha Maqbool ◽  
Samea Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Circumsporozoite Protein ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein 1

Abstract Background: Plasmodium vivax contributes to over 70% malaria burden in Pakistan, but limited data exists on various aspects including genetic diversity of the parasite as compared to other parts of the world. Since the information about the genetic diversity of P. vivax assists to understand the population dynamics of the parasite, the current study was designed to understand population divergence of Plasmodium vivax in Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP) and merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP-1) genes as molecular markers. Methods: PvCSP and PvMSP-1 specific PCR and DNA sequencing were carried out for 150 blood samples collected from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Genetic diversity and polymorphism was analyzed using ChromasPro, ClustalW, MEGA7, DnaSP v.5 and WebLogo programs. Results: The PCR for PvCSP and PvMSP-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates and resulting the PCR products ranging from 900 to 1100 bp for PvCSP and ~400bp for PvMSP-1 genes respectively. Majority (93%; 141/150) of the P. vivax isolates were of VK210 variant and only 9 isolates were found to be of VK247 variant based on PvCSP gene. Out of the numerous peptide repeat motifs (PRMs) detected, GDRADGQPA (PRM1) and GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) were more extensively dispersed among the P. vivax isolates. Partial sequences (~400bp) at the N-terminal of PvMSP-1 gene depicted high level of diversity.Conclusion: High levels of genetic diversity based on PvCSP and PvMSP-1 genes was observed in the isolated samples from the study area. Parasite typing is essential in predicting pattern of antigenic variations and drug resistance and for effective vaccine designing and development which can further assist in evaluating measures for malaria control at individual and community level. The base-line data presented here warrants future studies to investigate more into the genetic diversity of P. vivax with large sample size from across the country for better understanding of the transmission patterns of vivax malaria.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as genetic markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Bibi ◽  
Anam Fatima ◽  
Rehana Rani ◽  
Ayesha Maqbool ◽  
Samea Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Circumsporozoite Protein ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein 1

Abstract Background Plasmodium vivax contributes to over 70% malaria burden in Pakistan, but limited data exists on various aspects including genetic diversity of the parasite as compared to other parts of the world. Since the information about the genetic diversity of P. vivax assists to understand the population dynamics of the parasite, the current study was designed to understand population divergence of P. vivax in Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as molecular markers. Methods The PCR for pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates, followed by DNA sequencing of 35 and 30, respectively. Genetic diversity and polymorphism were analysed using ChromasPro, ClustalW, MEGA7, DnaSP v.5 and WebLogo programs. Results The PCR for pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates and resulting the PCR products of 1100 bp for pvcsp and ~ 400 bp for pvmsp-1 genes, respectively. In the central-repeat region (CRR) of pvcsp gene, sequences comprised of four variable repeats of PRMs, out of which GDRADGQPA (PRM1), GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) were more extensively dispersed among the P. vivax isolates. Partial sequences (~ 400 bp) of block 2 of pvmsp-1 gene depicted high level of diversity. Conclusion The results revealed the polymorphism and genetic diversity especially at the CRR of pvcsp and block 2 of pvmsp-1 genes, respectively. The base-line data presented here warrants future studies to investigate more into the genetic diversity of P. vivax with large sample size from across the country for better understanding of population dynamics of P. vivax that will help to control malaria at individual and community level.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Plasmodium vivax Isolates from Pakistan Using Circumsporozoite Protein (pvcsp) and Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as genetic markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Bibi ◽  
Anam Fatima ◽  
Rehana Rani ◽  
Ayesha Maqbool ◽  
Samea Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Circumsporozoite Protein ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein 1 ◽  
Pcr Products

Abstract Background: Plasmodium vivax contributes to over 70% malaria burden in Pakistan, but limited data exists on various aspects including genetic diversity of the parasite as compared to other parts of the world. Since the information about the genetic diversity of P. vivax assists to understand the population dynamics of the parasite, the current study was designed to understand population divergence of Plasmodium vivax in Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as molecular markers. Methods: The PCR for pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates followed by DNA sequencing of only 35 and 30 respective amplified PCR products for both pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes. Genetic diversity and polymorphism were analyzed using ChromasPro, ClustalW, MEGA7, DnaSP v.5 and WebLogo programs. Results: The PCR for pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates and resulting the PCR products ranging from 900 to 1100 bp for pvcsp and ~400bp for pvmsp-1 genes, respectively. In the central-repeat region (CRR) of pvcsp gene, sequences comprised of four variable repeats of PRMs, out of which GDRADGQPA (PRM1), GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) were more extensively dispersed among the P. vivax isolates. Partial sequences (~400bp) of block 2 of pvmsp-1 gene depicted high level of diversity.Conclusion: The results revealed the polymorphism and genetic diversity especially at the CRR of pvcsp and block 2 of pvmsp-1 genes respectively. The base-line data presented here warrants future studies to investigate more into the genetic diversity of P. vivax with large sample size from across the country for better understanding of population dynamics of P. vivax that will help to control malaria at individual and community level.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism and natural selection of circumsporozoite protein in Myanmar Plasmodium vivax

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuấn Cường Võ ◽  
Hương Giang Lê ◽  
Jung-Mi Kang ◽  
Mya Moe ◽  
Haung Naw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Repeat Region ◽  
Polymorphic Pattern ◽  
High Level ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) of malaria parasites has been recognized as one of the leading vaccine candidates. Clinical trials of vaccines for vivax malaria incorporating Plasmodium vivax CSP (PvCSP) have demonstrated their effectiveness in preventing malaria, at least in part. However, genetic diversity of pvcsp in the natural population remains a major concern. Methods A total of 171 blood samples collected from patients infected with Plasmodium vivax in Myanmar were analysed in this study. The pvcsp was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, followed by cloning and sequencing. Polymorphic characteristics and natural selection of pvcsp population in Myanmar were analysed using DNASTAR, MEGA6 and DnaSP programs. The polymorphic pattern and natural selection of publicly accessible global pvcsp sequences were also comparatively analysed. Results Myanmar pvcsp sequences were divided into two subtypes VK210 and VK247 comprising 143 and 28 sequences, respectively. The VK210 subtypes showed higher levels of genetic diversity and polymorphism than the VK247 subtypes. The N-terminal non-repeat region of pvcsp displayed limited genetic variations in the global population. Different patterns of octapeptide insertion (ANKKAEDA in VK210 and ANKKAGDA in VK247) and tetrapeptide repeat motif (GGNA) were identified in the C-terminal region of global pvcsp population. Meanwhile, the central repeat region (CRR) of Myanmar and global pvcsp, both in VK210 and VK247 variants, was highly polymorphic. The high level of genetic diversity in the CRR has been attributed to the different numbers, types and combinations of peptide repeat motifs (PRMs). Interestingly, 27 and 5 novel PRMs were found in Myanmar VK210 and VK247 variants, respectively. Conclusion Comparative analysis of the global pvcsp population suggests a complex genetic profile of pvcsp in the global population. These results widen understanding of the genetic make-up of pvcsp in the global P. vivax population and provide valuable information for the development of a vaccine based on PvCSP.

scholarly journals Characterization of drug resistance and genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum parasites from Tripura, Northeast India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Patgiri ◽  
K. Sarma ◽  
N. Sarmah ◽  
N. Bhattacharyya ◽  
D. K. Sarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance Transporter ◽  
High Level ◽  
International Border

Abstract Monitoring of anti-malarial drug resistance is vital in Northeast India as this region shares its international border with Southeast Asia. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium parasites regulates transmission dynamics, disease severity and vaccine efficacy. P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt), multidrug resistance-1 (Pfmdr-1) and kelch 13 propeller (PfK-13) genes which govern antimalarial drug resistance and three genetic diversity markers, merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 (Pfmsp-1, Pfmsp-2) and glutamate rich protein (Pfglurp) were evaluated from Tripura, Northeast India using molecular tools. In the Pfcrt gene, 87% isolates showed triple mutations at codons M74I, N75E and K76T. 12.5% isolates in Pfmdr-1 gene showed mutation at N86Y. No polymorphism in PfK-13 propeller was found. Polyclonal infections were observed in 53.85% isolates and more commonly in adults (p = 0.0494). In the Pfmsp-1 locus, the K1 allelic family was predominant (71.2%) followed by the 3D7/IC family (69.2%) in the Pfmsp-2 locus. RII region of Pfglurp exhibited nine alleles with expected heterozygosity of 0.85. The multiplicity of infection for Pfmsp-1, Pfmsp-2 and Pfglurp were 1.56, 1.31 and 1.06 respectively. Overall, the study demonstrated a high level of chloroquine resistance and extensive parasite diversity in the region, necessitating regular surveillance in this population group.

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