scholarly journals In Utero and Peripubertal Metals Exposure in Relation to Reproductive Hormones and Sexual Maturation and Progression among Boys in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pahriya Ashrap ◽  
John D. Meeker ◽  
Brisa N. Sánchez ◽  
Niladri Basu ◽  
Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Essential Metal ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Metal Levels

Abstract Background: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as metals have been reported to alter circulating reproductive hormone concentrations and pubertal development in animals. However, the relationship has rarely been investigated among humans, with the exception of heavy metals, such as Pb and Cd. Our aim was to investigate measures of in utero and peripubertal metal exposure in relation to reproductive hormone levels and sexual maturation and progression among boys from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohorts.Methods: Our analysis included 118 pregnant women and their male children from the ELEMENT study. Essential and non-essential metals were measured in urine collected from the mothers during the third trimester of pregnancy and their male children at 8-14 years. Reproductive hormone levels [serum testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), inhibin B, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)] were measured in blood samples from the children at 8-14 years. We also assessed Tanner stages for sexual maturation (genital, pubic hair development, and testicular volume), at two time points (8–14, 10-18 years). We used linear regression to independently examine urinary metal levels in relation to each peripubertal reproductive hormones adjusting for child age and BMI. Generalized estimation equations (GEEs) were used to evaluate the association of in utero and peripubertal metal exposures with sexual maturation and progression during follow-up based on Tanner staging and testicular volume.Results: In utero and prepubertal concentrations of some urinary metals were associated with increased levels of peripubertal reproductive hormones, especially non-essential metal(loid)s As and Cd (in utero), and Ba (peripubertal) as well as essential metal Mo (in utero) in association with testosterone. More advanced pubic hair developmental stage and higher testicular volume at the early teen visit was observed for boys with higher non-essential metal concentrations, including in utero Al and peripubertal Ba, and essential metal Zn concentration (peripubertal). These metals were also associated with slower pubertal progression between the two visits.Conclusion: These findings suggest that male reproductive development may be associated with both essential and non-essential metal exposure during in utero and peripubertal windows.

scholarly journals In Utero and Peripubertal Metals Exposure in Relation to Reproductive Hormones and Sexual Maturation and Progression among Boys in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pahriya Ashrap ◽  
John D. Meeker ◽  
Brisa N. Sánchez ◽  
Niladri Basu ◽  
Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Essential Metal ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Metal Levels

Abstract Background: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as metals have been reported to alter circulating reproductive hormone concentrations and pubertal development in animals. However, the relationship has rarely been investigated among humans, with the exception of heavy metals, such as Pb and Cd. Our aim was to investigate measures of in utero and peripubertal metal exposure in relation to reproductive hormone levels and sexual maturation and progression among boys from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohorts.Methods: Our analysis included 118 pregnant women and their male children from the ELEMENT study. Essential and non-essential metals were measured in urine collected from the mothers during the third trimester of pregnancy and their male children at 8-14 years. Reproductive hormone levels [serum testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), inhibin B, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)] were measured in blood samples from the children at 8-14 years. We also assessed Tanner stages for sexual maturation (genital, pubic hair development, and testicular volume), at two time points (8–14, 10-18 years). We used linear regression to independently examine urinary metal levels in relation to each peripubertal reproductive hormones adjusting for child age and BMI. Generalized estimation equations (GEEs) were used to evaluate the association of in utero and peripubertal metal exposures with sexual maturation and progression during follow-up based on Tanner staging and testicular volume.Results: In utero and prepubertal concentrations of some urinary metals were associated with increased levels of peripubertal reproductive hormones, especially non-essential metal(loid)s As and Cd (in utero), and Ba (peripubertal) as well as essential metal Mo (in utero) in association with testosterone. More advanced pubic hair developmental stage and higher testicular volume at the early teen visit was observed for boys with higher non-essential metal concentrations, including in utero Al and peripubertal Ba, and essential metal Zn concentration (peripubertal). These metals were also associated with slower pubertal progression between the two visits.Conclusion: These findings suggest that male reproductive development may be associated with both essential and non-essential metal exposure during in utero and peripubertal windows.

scholarly journals In Utero and Peripubertal Metals Exposure in Relation to Reproductive Hormones and Sexual Maturation and Progression among Boys in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pahriya Ashrap ◽  
John D. Meeker ◽  
Brisa N. Sánchez ◽  
Niladri Basu ◽  
Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Essential Metal ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Metal Levels

Abstract Background Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as metals have been reported to alter circulating reproductive hormone concentrations and pubertal development in animals. However, the relationship has rarely been investigated among humans, with the exception of heavy metals, such as Pb and Cd. Our aim was to investigate measures of in utero and peripubertal metal exposure in relation to reproductive hormone levels and sexual maturation and progression among boys from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohorts. Methods Our analysis included 118 pregnant women and their male children from the ELEMENT study. Essential and non-essential metals were measured in urine collected from the mothers during the third trimester of pregnancy and their male children at 8-14 years. Reproductive hormone levels [serum testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), inhibin B, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)] were measured in blood samples from the children at 8-14 years. We also assessed Tanner stages for sexual maturation (genital, pubic hair development, and testicular volume), at two time points (8–14, 10-18 years). We used linear regression to independently examine urinary metal levels in relation to each peripubertal reproductive hormones adjusting for child age and BMI. Generalized estimation equations (GEEs) were used to evaluate the association of in utero and peripubertal metal exposures with sexual maturation and progression during follow-up based on Tanner staging and testicular volume. Results In utero and prepubertal concentrations of some urinary metals were associated with increased levels of peripubertal reproductive hormones, especially non-essential metal(loid)s As and Cd ( in utero ), and Ba (peripubertal) as well as essential metal Mo ( in utero ) in association with testosterone. More advanced pubic hair developmental stage and higher testicular volume at the early teen visit was observed for boys with higher non-essential metal concentrations, including in utero Al and peripubertal Ba, and essential metal Zn concentration (peripubertal). These metals were also associated with slower pubertal progression between the two visits. Conclusion These findings suggest that male reproductive development may be associated with both essential and non-essential metal exposure during in utero and peripubertal windows.

scholarly journals In utero and peripubertal metals exposure in relation to reproductive hormones and sexual maturation and progression among boys in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pahriya Ashrap ◽  
John D. Meeker ◽  
Brisa N. Sánchez ◽  
Niladri Basu ◽  
Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Essential Metal

Abstract Background Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as metals have been reported to alter circulating reproductive hormone concentrations and pubertal development in animals. However, the relationship has rarely been investigated among humans, with the exception of heavy metals, such as Pb and Cd. Our aim was to investigate measures of in utero and peripubertal metal exposure in relation to reproductive hormone concentrations and sexual maturation and progression among boys from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohorts. Methods Our analysis included 118 pregnant women and their male children from the ELEMENT study. Essential and non-essential metals were measured in urine collected from the mothers during the third trimester of pregnancy and their male children at 8–14 years. Reproductive hormone concentrations [serum testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), inhibin B, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)] were measured in blood samples from the children at 8–14 years. We also assessed Tanner stages for sexual maturation (genital, pubic hair development, and testicular volume), at two time points (8–14, 10–18 years). We used linear regression to independently examine urinary metal concentrations in relation to each peripubertal reproductive hormones adjusting for child age and BMI. Generalized estimation equations (GEEs) were used to evaluate the association of in utero and peripubertal metal exposures with sexual maturation and progression during follow-up based on Tanner staging and testicular volume. Results In utero and prepubertal concentrations of some urinary metals were associated with increased concentrations of peripubertal reproductive hormones, especially non-essential metal(loid)s As and Cd (in utero), and Ba (peripubertal) as well as essential metal Mo (in utero) in association with testosterone. More advanced pubic hair developmental stage and higher testicular volume at the early teen visit was observed for boys with higher non-essential metal concentrations, including in utero Al and peripubertal Ba, and essential metal Zn concentration (peripubertal). These metals were also associated with slower pubertal progression between the two visits. Conclusion These findings suggest that male reproductive development may be associated with both essential and non-essential metal exposure during in utero and peripubertal windows.

scholarly journals In Utero and Peripubertal Metals Exposure in Relation to Reproductive Hormones and Sexual Maturation and Progression among Boys in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pahriya Ashrap ◽  
John D. Meeker ◽  
Brisa N. Sánchez ◽  
Niladri Basu ◽  
Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Essential Metal

Abstract Background: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as metals have been reported to alter circulating reproductive hormone concentrations and pubertal development in animals. However, the relationship has rarely been investigated among humans, with the exception of heavy metals, such as Pb and Cd. Our aim was to investigate measures of in utero and peripubertal metal exposure in relation to reproductive hormone concentrations and sexual maturation and progression among boys from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohorts.Methods: Our analysis included 118 pregnant women and their male children from the ELEMENT study. Essential and non-essential metals were measured in urine collected from the mothers during the third trimester of pregnancy and their male children at 8-14 years. Reproductive hormone concentrations [serum testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), inhibin B, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)] were measured in blood samples from the children at 8-14 years. We also assessed Tanner stages for sexual maturation (genital, pubic hair development, and testicular volume), at two time points (8–14, 10-18 years). We used linear regression to independently examine urinary metal concentrations in relation to each peripubertal reproductive hormones adjusting for child age and BMI. Generalized estimation equations (GEEs) were used to evaluate the association of in utero and peripubertal metal exposures with sexual maturation and progression during follow-up based on Tanner staging and testicular volume.Results: In utero and prepubertal concentrations of some urinary metals were associated with increased concentrations of peripubertal reproductive hormones, especially non-essential metal(loid)s As and Cd (in utero), and Ba (peripubertal) as well as essential metal Mo (in utero) in association with testosterone. More advanced pubic hair developmental stage and higher testicular volume at the early teen visit was observed for boys with higher non-essential metal concentrations, including in utero Al and peripubertal Ba, and essential metal Zn concentration (peripubertal). These metals were also associated with slower pubertal progression between the two visits.Conclusion: These findings suggest that male reproductive development may be associated with both essential and non-essential metal exposure during in utero and peripubertal windows.

108 Fecal metabolite monitoring as a tool to assess sexual maturation in polar bears

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
E. Curry ◽  
M. A. Stoops ◽  
T. L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Polar Bears ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Old Females

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in managed care generally are paired for breeding starting around the age of 5 or 6 years; however, DNA analyses of the wild population indicate that males as young as 2 or 3 may sire offspring and females as young as 4 can produce cubs. There are no reports describing longitudinal reproductive hormone parameters in juvenile polar bears. The objective of the current study was to determine if seasonal shifts in testosterone and progesterone (P4) metabolites are detectable in feces of polar bears 2-3 years old as part of a greater effort to characterise reproductive metabolites in a large cohort of juveniles throughout sexual maturation. Subjects were 2-year-old male (n=3) and female (n=3) polar bears residing at 5 zoological institutions in the USA. Individuals were monitored for 1 (1.1) or 2 (2.2) years. Fecal samples were collected noninvasively 3-4 times/week and hormone metabolites were extracted as previously described. Testosterone was evaluated as an indicator of gonadal activity in both sexes, whereas P4 was measured in samples collected from females only. Metabolites were quantified in duplicate using established enzyme immunoassay techniques. Student’s and paired t-tests were used to compare mean metabolite concentrations between seasons [breeding (BS; January-June) and nonbreeding (NBS; July-December)] by sex and within individual, respectively. All values are reported as mean concentration (ng metabolite/g dried feces±standard error of the means) and P-values less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Mean testosterone concentration of the 2-year-old males was 153.1±112.5. Overall, testosterone concentrations were higher in samples collected from 2-year-old males during BS versus NBS; however, when examined within individual, this held true for only 1 of 3 males. Mean testosterone of the 3-year-old male was 170.2±19.6 and values were significantly higher in BS (282.1±27.2) versus NBS (74.6±7.3). The overall mean testosterone and P4 concentrations of the 2-year-old females were 56.0±21.7 and 57.4±7.5, respectively. Two of the 3 females exhibited significantly higher testosterone concentrations during BS compared to NBS and all 3 exhibited higher P4 in the breeding versus the NBS. The 3-year-old female had significantly higher testosterone in BS (63.7±4.1) versus NBS (40.5±2.4) and showed evidence of regular ovarian cycles during BS. Despite no detectable differences in mean P4 between seasons (56.3±7.9 and 55.1±3.7), this female exhibited a distinct increase in P4 from October to November compared to the rest of NBS (85.7±8 v. 43.5±2.8), suggestive of pseudopregnancy. These results indicate that fecal reproductive hormone metabolite monitoring can be used to detect changes in metabolite excretion patterns associated with sexual maturation in polar bears and that males and females as young as 2 years old may exhibit seasonal variations in reproductive hormones. These data suggest bears in zoological institutions may be achieving sexual maturation earlier than believed previously and should be considered when managing bears in human care.

scholarly journals OR11-05 Clinical Characteristics and Reproductive Hormone Levels in 201 Men With Congenital and 479 Men With Acquired Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: A Single-Center Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi MAIONE ◽  
Sylvie SALENAVE ◽  
Severine TRABADO ◽  
Philippe Chanson ◽  
Ursula B Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Hormone Levels

Abstract Context. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a clinical condition defined by subnormal serum testosterone levels with low serum gonadotropins, which leads to infertility and reduced testicular function in men. HH may be prenatal or congenital (CHH) or acquired (AHH), the latter most commonly related to injury at the hypothalamic/pituitary level. Since diverse medical specialists usually deal with these two disorders, a direct comparison of clinical characteristics and reproductive hormone levels in patients with CHH and AHH has never been performed in a large series. Patients and methods. 201 men with CHH (Kallmann syndrome 52%; normosmic CHH 48%) and 479 men with AHH were included. Causes for AHH included pituitary tumors (74.6%), other intracranial tumors (12.7%; craniopharyngioma 9.1%), infiltrative diseases (3.5%), and other causes (9.2%). We excluded patients with idiopathic late-onset or metabolically-related AHH from this analysis. Testicular volume (TV), serum gonadotropins, total and bioavailable testosterone (TT and BT), estradiol (E2) and testicular peptides inhibin B (IB), AMH and INSL3 were measured at a single center in the absence of any hormone replacement. Results. TV was greater in patients with AHH (16.2±6.3 mL) than in those with CHH (3.4±2.7 mL; p<0.0001). Testicular hypotrophy (mean TV<12 mL) was found in 30% of patients with AHH and in 97% of those with CHH (p<0.0001). When adjusted for age and BMI, men with AHH still had a larger mean TV than those with CHH (p<0.0001). Cryptorchidism was more frequent in patients with CHH than in those with AHH (20.4 vs 0.2%, p<0.0001). Micropenis was found exclusively in patients with CHH. TT levels were higher in patients with AHH (1.4±0.9 ng/mL) than in those with CHH (0.4±0.3 mL, p<0.0001). LH, FSH, BT and E2 were higher in patients with AHH than in those with CHH (p<0.0001 for all parameters), as were IB and INSL3 levels (126±87 vs 59±55 pg/mL, and 566±372 vs 60±40 pg/mL, respectively, p<0.001). In contrast, serum AMH and SHBG levels were lower in patients with AHH than in those with CHH (246±234 vs 46±38 pmol/L, and 35±22 vs 26±21 nmol/L, respectively, p<0.0001). Comparing hormone characteristics across different AHH subgroups, patients with craniopharyngioma (n=44) had lower TV (7.7±5.3 mL) and lower TT, BT, E2, IB and INSL3 levels than those with AHH caused by any other etiology (p<0.05 for all parameters). Conclusions. Our data demonstrate distinct profiles of clinical presentation and reproductive hormones between CHH and AHH. Clinical and hormonal impairment is more severe in patients with CHH than in those with AHH. Preservation of the gonadotrope/testicular axis activity during the fetal, neonatal and pubertal periods in patients with AHH likely accounts for these differences. Among AHH etiologies, patients with craniopharyngioma have the most severe impairment, likely as a result of the intrinsic severity of these tumors, the age at onset, and/or the aggressiveness of the available therapeutic procedures.

Age-related changes in the oestrous cycle and reproductive hormones in senescence-accelerated mouse

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Yuan ◽  
Zhou Wen-Xia ◽  
Cheng Jun-Ping ◽  
Zhang Yong-Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Samp8 Mice ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mouse ◽  
Age Related Changes

To investigate age-related changes in the oestrous cycle and reproductive hormone levels in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM), we examined these parameters in 3-, 5-, 7-, 9- and 11-month-old female SAM-prone/8 (SAMP8) and SAM-resistant/1 (SAMR1) strains. Levels of β-endorphin (β-EP) and substance P (SP) in the hypothalamus were also measured. The oestrous cycle and dioestrus of 9-month-old SAMP8 mice were significantly prolonged compared with age-matched SAMR1 mice. Furthermore, the concentration of serum oestradiol was lower and the level of pituitary luteinising hormone was higher in SAMP8 mice compared with SAMR1 mice. This characterises the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary (HPO) axis of the SAMP8 strain as hypergonadotropic–hypogonad. The levels of β-EP and SP in the SAMP8 hypothalamus were lower than in the SAMR1 hypothalamus. These results indicate that the function of the HPO axis in SAMP8 mice declines early and this may be attributed, in part, to the decline in β-EP and SP concentrations in the hypothalamus.

Erratum to: Age-related changes in the oestrous cycle and reproductive hormones in senescence-accelerated mouse

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Ma Yuan ◽  
Zhou Wen-Xia ◽  
Cheng Jun-Ping ◽  
Zhang Yong-Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Samp8 Mice ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mouse ◽  
Age Related Changes

To investigate age-related changes in the oestrous cycle and reproductive hormone levels in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM), we examined these parameters in 3-, 5-, 7-, 9- and 11-month-old female SAM-prone/8 (SAMP8) and SAM-resistant/1 (SAMR1) strains. Levels of �-endorphin (�-EP) and substance P (SP) in the hypothalamus were also measured. The oestrous cycle and dioestrus of 9-month-old SAMP8 mice were significantly prolonged compared with age-matched SAMR1 mice. Furthermore, the concentration of serum oestradiol was lower and the level of pituitary luteinising hormone was higher in SAMP8 mice compared with SAMR1 mice. This characterises the hypothalamus.pituitary.ovary (HPO) axis of the SAMP8 strain as hypergonadotropic.hypogonad. The levels of �-EP and SP in the SAMP8 hypothalamus were lower than in the SAMR1 hypothalamus. These results indicate that the function of the HPO axis in SAMP8 mice declines early and this may be attributed, in part, to the decline in �-EP and SP concentrations in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Effects of Female Reproductive Hormone Levels on Inadvertent Intraoperative Hypothermia during Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery: A Retrospective Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Cheol Lee ◽  
SeongNam Park ◽  
ByoungRyun Kim ◽  
Hyeonbin Yim ◽  
Myeongjong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Intraoperative Hypothermia ◽  
Hypothermia Group ◽  
Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery

Background and Objectives: Female reproductive hormones may affect core body temperature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of female reproductive hormones on inadvertent intraoperative hypothermia in patients who underwent laparoscopic gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 660 menstruating and menopausal female patients aged 19–65 years. The patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of inadvertent intraoperative hypothermia: non-hypothermia group (N = 472) and hypothermia group (N = 188). After propensity score matching, 312 patients (N = 156 in each group) were analyzed to investigate the association between intraoperative hypothermia and female reproductive hormones. As potential predictors of inadvertent hypothermia, the levels of female reproductive hormones were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: The association of estradiol (r = −0.218, p = 0.000) and progesterone (r = −0.235, p = 0.000) levels with inadvertent intraoperative hypothermia was significant but weakly negative before matching; however, it was significant and moderately negative after matching (r = −0.326, p = 0.000 and r = −0.485, p = 0.000, respectively). In a binary logistic analysis, the odds ratio for estradiol was 0.995 (p = 0.014, 0.993 < 95% confidence interval [CI] < 0.998) before matching and 0.993 (p = 0.000, 0.862 < 95% CI < 0.930) after matching, and that for progesterone was 0.895 (p = 0.000, 0.862 < 95% CI < 0.930) before matching and 0.833 (p = 0.014, 0.990 < 95% CI < 0.996) after matching. Conclusions: Estradiol and progesterone levels were associated with inadvertent intraoperative hypothermia. However, the odds ratio for female reproductive hormone levels was close to 1. Therefore, female reproductive hormones may not be a risk factor for hypothermia during gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. However, a small sample size in this study limits the generalizability of the results.

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