scholarly journals A Proposal for the Classification and Nomenclature of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease-Related Enteroviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajuan Dong ◽  
Zhenzhou Wan ◽  
Shenwei Li ◽  
Jian-Hua Wang ◽  
Xia Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phylogenic Relationship

Abstract Background: Enterovirus has diverged into many types, some of which cause hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. The predominant enterovirus types associated with HFMD are EVA71, CVA16, CVA6 and CVA10. Subtyping of these enteroviruses is crucial to HFMD surveillance. Because of lacking proper and uniform criteria and being based on partial VP1 sequences, however, current classification resulted in some confusing and conflicting results. Method: We reclassified EVA71, CVA16, CVA6 and CVA10 using a combined criteria of phylogenic relationship and genetic distance. Results: Using the combined criteria, we classified EVA71 into seven genotypes of A–G, CVA16 and CVA6 into three subtypes of A-C, and CVA10 into nine subtypes/sub-subtypes of A-G, H1 and H2, and identified eight unclassified subtypes that lack genomic sequences. The mean genetic divergence was 15.5-33.8% between subtypes, 12-15% between sub-subtypes, and less than 12% within subtypes/sub-subtypes. In addition, we identified two new EVA71 inter-subtype recombinants RF01_CG and RF02_CG and demonstrated that EVA71 subtypes D and F and CVA10 subtype B experienced inter-subtype recombination events during early evolution. Conclusions: The new nomenclature proposal provides a reasonable framework for proper classification of enteroviruses, which will be useful for epidemiological surveillance of HFMD, disease management, and vaccine development.

scholarly journals John Burns Brooksby. 25 December 1914 — 17 December 1998

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
R. F. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Animal Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Uk

John Brooksby was an outstanding veterinary virologist, who worked at the Animal Virus Diseases Research Institute, Pirbright, for 40 years, for 16 of which he was Director of the Institute. He will be remembered for his contributions to the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease, for his discovery of four new types, for the classification of subtypes and for fundamental studies of the virus. As Deputy Director and Director he was responsible for programmes on fundamental investigations of foot–and–mouth disease virus and other viruses exotic to the UK and for the application of the results both in the UK and worldwide. His advice on the distribution and the control of foot–and–mouth disease was sought by international organizations and by individual countries and was responsible for reducing the risk of spread of disease.

scholarly journals Echovirus 4 associated to hand, foot and mouth disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Hage Russo ◽  
Adriana Luchs ◽  
Bráulio Caetano Machado ◽  
Rita de Cássia Carmona ◽  
Maria do Carmo Sampaio Timenetsky
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Enteroviral Infection ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious enteroviral infection occurring primarily in children and characterized by vesicular palmoplantar eruptions and erosive stomatitis. Echovirus 4 (EV-4) has been commonly associated with aseptic meningitis. The association of HFMD with EV-4 has not been reported previously. Two samples of a 14-month child who presented mild fever, sores in the mouth, rash with blisters on the palm of hands and soles of feet were sent to Enteric Viruses Laboratory of Adolfo Lutz Institute. Clinical samples were inoculated in three different cell lines, and those which presented cytopathic effect (CPE), were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and "one step" RT-PCR. Agarose gel electrophoresis from RT-PCR product, showed a product with 437 bp, which is characteristic of Enterovirus group. Echovirus 4 was identified by IFA. Although HFMD is a viral infection associated mainly with Enterovirus 71 (HEV-71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), our results demonstrate a diversity of serotype related to HFMD and stress the importance of epidemiological surveillance to this disease and its complications.

scholarly journals Tracking and predicting hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics in China by Baidu queries

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1699-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Y. XIAO ◽  
H. J. LIU ◽  
M. W. FELDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Traditional Surveillance

SUMMARYHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is highly prevalent in China, and more efficient methods of epidemic detection and early warning need to be developed to augment traditional surveillance systems. In this paper, a method that uses Baidu search queries to track and predict HFMD epidemics is presented, and the outbreaks of HFMD in China during the 60-month period from January 2011 to December 2015 are predicted. The Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of the predictive model and the mean absolute percentage errors between observed HFMD case counts and the predicted number show that our predictive model gives excellent fit to the data. This implies that Baidu search queries can be used in China to track and reliably predict HFMD epidemics, and can serve as a supplement to official systems for HFMD epidemic surveillance.

scholarly journals Enhanced Stability of Inactivated Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine With A Novel Solution Buffer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Yanming Wei ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Huiqing Yang ◽  
Xuerong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Basic Solution ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract Objectives: Stability is vital for potency of food-and-mouth disease virus vaccine preparation. However, the assembly of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus is poor stable and prone to dissociate into 12s under mild acidic or heating conditions, especially emulsified with oil-adjuvant. Thus, it is crucial to explore a suitable medium and condition to improve the stability and efficiency of inactivated FMDV vaccine. Results: In this study, the basic solution buffer and a serious of potential stabilizers, such as carbohydrate, amino acid, antioxidant, salt and antioxidant were screened for evaluating stable effect on FMDV antigen with aid of high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). On this basis, orthogonal experiment was performed to optimize and finally confirm the formulation. Anti-aging test were carried out to asses the efficiency of formulation on vaccine stability and the results showed that the vaccine was more stabler either stored at 37℃or 4℃. Moreover, physicochemical monitoring revealed that formulation had no influence on the properties of vaccine. The combined results suggested that the novel solution buffer would lower degradation and prolong shelf life of vaccine. In a word, the novel buffer is beneficial to make FMD vaccine more stable and effective, reducing the dependence on cold delivery and storage. This study also provides insight into the processes of optimization and inactivated vaccine development.

scholarly journals Serological response of commercial dairy cattle to inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (type-O & A) in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dazhia Lazarus ◽  
Yiltawe Simwal Wungak ◽  
Mohammed Ignatius Adah ◽  
John Okpapi Ibu ◽  
Jerry Ngutor Abenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Mean

An observational study was conducted in a peri-urban dairy establishment in Jos South, Plateau State Nigeria to determine immune response of dairy cattle to commercial inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine serotypes (O and A). Thirty seven Friesian cattle aged ?2years old with their crosses (15 selected pre-vaccination and 22 selected 21 days post-vaccination) were investigated for immune response to vaccination with an inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine containing serotypes O, A and SAT 2). Sera collected on day 0 pre-vaccination and 21 days post-vaccination was tested for structural protein antibodies to FMD serotypes O and A using the Solid Phase Competitive ELISA assay. The mean OD value for serum end point titre of FMD serotype O pre-vaccination was 11.64% with 6.67% (95%CI: 0.33 – 28.73) of the selected cattle being seropositive, at 21 days post-vaccination the mean OD value in selected cattle was 52.83% with 68.18% (95%CI: 46.95 – 84.89) of the selected cattle seropositive. For the FMD serotype A, 26.67% (95%CI: 9.10 – 52.53) of the selected cattle were seropositive pre-vaccination with a mean OD value of 29.21% and by 21 days post-vaccination, 72.73% (95%CI: 51.67 – 88.13) of the selected cattle were seropositive with a mean OD value of 61.70%. Serological response to vaccination improved in most selected cattle by 21 days post-vaccination. This study result has indicated that commercial inactivated FMD vaccines used for the prophylactic control of FMD in commercial dairy farm in Nigeria provoked immune response after a single shot.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 163-168

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