scholarly journals Fundamental Relationships of Executive Functions and Physiological Abilities with Game Intelligence, Game Time and Injuries in Elite Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Erik Scharfen ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Performance Parameters

Abstract Objectives: The study’s aim was threefold: examine 1) the relation between executive functions and coach-rated evaluation of game intelligence; 2) the predictive value of cognitive and athletic performance parameters concerning playing time, and 3) injuries to analyze fundamental associations of soccer expertise across all ages.Design/Methods: A sample of 172 elite soccer players (12-34 years of age) performed tests assessing multiple-object tracking, working memory capacity, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition. Endurance-performance at the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT), ability to repeatedly perform intense exercises (RIEA) and maximal anaerobic performance parameters (squat jump, countermovement jump, drop jump, sprint) were also measured. Game intelligence game time and injury incidence were tracked.Results: Working memory capacity, cognitive flexibility, and a total cognition score showed correlations with game intelligence, and the same parameter, along with selective attention and game intelligence, were also correlated with game time. Sprint and RIEA were connected with game time, whereas contact injuries only correlated with sprint, and noncontact injuries with sprint and performance-IAT.Conclusion: Especially executive functions represent fundamental associations with game intelligence and game time across all age groups but not with injury incidences, whereas certain physiological abilities may contribute to more game time and less non-contact injuries depending on age.

Bilingualism and working memory capacity: A comprehensive meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G Grundy ◽  
Kalinka Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Language Variables

Bilinguals often outperform monolinguals on executive function tasks, including tasks that tap cognitive flexibility, conflict monitoring, and task-switching abilities. Some have suggested that bilinguals also have greater working memory capacity than comparable monolinguals, but evidence for this suggestion is mixed. We therefore conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis on the effects of bilingualism on working memory capacity. Results from 88 effect sizes, 27 independent studies, and 2,901 participants revealed a significant small to medium population effect size of 0.20 in favor of greater working memory capacity for bilinguals than monolinguals. This suggests that experience managing two languages that compete for selection results in greater working memory capacity over time. Moderator analyses revealed that largest effects were observed in children than other age groups. Furthermore, whether the task was performed in the first (L1) or second (L2) language for bilinguals moderated the effect size of the bilingual advantage; this factor is often overlooked and our results point to the importance of defining language variables that influence critical cognitive outcomes.

Neural correlates of reappraisal considering working memory capacity and cognitive flexibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1529-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Zaehringer ◽  
Rosalux Falquez ◽  
Anna-Lena Schubert ◽  
Frauke Nees ◽  
Sven Barnow
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Neural Correlates

The Effect Of Age On Working Memory Capacity And Syntactic Processing

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Joanne van Emmerik
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Syntactic Processing

The role of WM in syntactic processing has been discussed extensively in the literature. Some researchers claim that a single working memory capacity is used during processing (Just & Carpenter, 1992), and there are others who claim that language comprehension and syntactic processing can be divided into two stages (Caplan & Waters, 1995). This study examines the relationship between age, working memory capacity and on-line /off-line syntactic processing, using Dutch stimuli in self-paced reading task and a reading span task. The results showed that WM capacity significantly declines with age. The self-paced reading times of the Dutch subject/object ambiguities showed a significant quantitative difference between the two age groups, but not a qualitative difference: the elderly group read significantly slower than the young group but the pattern of the reading times was identical for both age groups. Off-line, the results of the comprehension questions show that comprehension was affected for the elderly group in the items that demanded less WM capacity compared to the young group. No age-effect was found in the results of the comprehension questions in the WM-demanding items. Overall, this study cannot support the claim that a single WM capacity is used for syntactic processing and comprehension.

scholarly journals Working Memory, its Executive Functions, and the Emergence of Modern Thinking

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Coolidge ◽  
Thomas Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Modern Thinking

This article examines the possible origins of modern thinking by evaluating the cognitive models of working memory, executive functions and their interrelationship. We propose that a genetic mutation affected neural networks in the prefrontal cortex approximately 60,000 to 130,000 years ago. Our review of cognitive and archaeological evidence yields two possibilities: either it was non-domain specific, affecting general working memory capacity and its executive functions, or the mutation was domain-specific, affecting phonological storage capacity. We discuss the sequelae of these possibilities for modernity, including language enhancement, greater reasoning, planning, and modelling abilities, and increases in fluid/general intelligence.

Replication in interaction and working memory research: Révész (2012) and Goo (2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Gass ◽  
Lorena Valmori
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Target Structure ◽  
Memory Research

This paper argues for the replication of two studies, both of which consider feedback and working memory. In the first part of this paper, we discuss the role of interaction-based research and working memory research in second language acquisition research. We then describe two studies that have unified these two areas in recent published articles and discuss ways that replication can further our knowledge in how working memory capacity can impact the benefits of feedback. We emphasize the importance of replication in a number of different areas, including grammatical complexity of the target structure and the nature of working memory tests, in scoring, actual tests, and modes of delivery. Additionally, we discuss the possibilities for replication in the area of population differences, in particular, age groups and more lasting effects as would be found in delayed post-tests. Finally, we point out another means of gathering information about thought processes and suggest the value of adding stimulated recalls to the existing data.

Multitasking behavior and its related constructs: Executive functions, working memory capacity, relational integration, and divided attention

Cognition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 275-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsad Afrin Himi ◽  
Markus Bühner ◽  
Matthias Schwaighofer ◽  
Anna Klapetek ◽  
Sven Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Relational Integration

scholarly journals A randomized EPIREMED protocol study on the long-term visuo spatial effects of very preterm children with a working memory deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Gire ◽  
Any Beltran Anzola ◽  
Monique Kaminski ◽  
Karine Baumstarck ◽  
Pierre-Yves Ancel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Visuospatial Processing

Abstract Background Very preterm children generally perform poorly in executive functions and particularly in working memory. Adaptive training tasks encouraging these children to work continuously on their personal working memory capacity can be very useful. Above all in preschool-age children, several cognitive training programs focused on improving working memory capacity. Cogmed is a computerized visuospatial cognitive training program that improves working memory in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The main objective is to assess the long-term effects (18 months) of cognitive training (Cogmed) on visuospatial processing in preschool-age very preterm children with working memory impairment. Methods The EPIREMED study is a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicentric trial nested in a population based epidemiological survey. An intervention group (Cogmed cognitive training) and a control group (standard care management) will compare children aged 5½ to 6 years, born between 24- and 34-weeks’ gestational age, with a global intelligence quotient > 70 and a working memory index < 85. The study will include 166 children from national study EPIPAGE-2 (Epidemiological Study on Small Gestational Ages). The intervention consists of 25 sessions administered over a 5- to 8-week period. The primary endpoint will be the visuospatial processing, assessed by the score of the visuospatial index: score of the WPPSI-IV (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence). The secondary endpoints will allow to assess the executive functions, language and abilities, infant behavior, quality of life assessment, school performance and parental anxiety. Discussion This project’s primary goal is to demonstrate the necessity of early visuospatial memory assessment within the vulnerable population of very preterm children, and to prove the feasibility and efficacy of computerized cognitive training using online software programs. A better global neuropsychological development improvement (visuospatial processing and other far transfer) can be expected with an improvement in learning and decreased behavioral problems. In the long term, these improvements might also reduce those global costs linked to the consequences of extreme prematurity. Trial registration NCT02757794 (registered on 2nd May 2016 at ClinicalTrial.gov).

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