scholarly journals Fruit juices acts as biocatalyst in efficient synthesis of potentially bioactive imidazoles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Gulati ◽  
Rajvir Singh ◽  
Suman Sangwan
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Activity Data

Abstract An efficient and eco-friendly itinerary for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives (3a-3h) from reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a-1h), benzil (2a) and ammonium acetate (2b) in presence of Citrus limon L. juice, Vitis vinifera L. juice and Cocos nucifera L. juice has been carried out. The purity of compounds was confirmed by melting point and thin layer chromatography. All synthesized compounds (3a-3h) were characterized by 1HNMR, FTIR and CHN spectral techniques and tested for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). The compounds (3a-3h) were also evaluated for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by poisoned food techniques method. Antibacterial activity was also determined against Erwinia cartovora and Xanthomonas citri by inhibition zone method. From activity data, it was observed that compounds 3f and 3c were found most active against Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compound 3d was found most active against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungus at highest concentration. Compound 3b has shown maximum inhibition zone i.e. 2.10-7.10 mm against Erwinia cartovora at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Maximum Xanthomonas citrii growth was inhibited by compounds 3c showing inhibition zone 1.00-5.00 mm at highest concentration.

scholarly journals Fruit juice mediated multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of substituted isoxazoles and their in vitro bio evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Gulati ◽  
Rajvir Singh ◽  
Suman Sangwan
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Reaction ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
One Pot

Abstract Abstract A simple, efficient and eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis of isoxazoles derivatives (4a-4h) using one-pot three components reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a), methyl acetoacetate (2a) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3a) has been achieved in presence of Cocos nucifera L. juice, Solanum lycopersicum L. juice and Citrus limetta juice respectively. This protocol is natural acid catalysed multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of potentially bioactive isoxazole derivatives. The homogeneity of synthesized compounds was confirmed by melting point and thin layer chromatography. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using 1HNMR, FTIR and CHN spectral analysis and evaluated for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). The compounds (4a-4h) were also screened for their fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by poisoned food techniques. Antibacterial activity was also tested against Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas citri by inhibition zone method. From bio evaluation data, it was found that compound 4b was most active against Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compound 4b was also found most active against both the fungus viz. R. solani and C. gloeosporioides showing maximum percentage growth inhibition i.e. 90.00 against R. solani and 82.45 against C. gloeosporioides at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Compound 4h has shown maximum inhibition zone i.e. 3.00-9.60 mm against Erwinia carotovora at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Maximum Xanthomonas citri growth was also inhibited by compound 4h showing inhibition zone 1.00–5.00 mm at highest concentration. Less reaction time, high yields of desired products, mild reaction conditions, simple work-up, cost effectiveness and no need of column chromatography are some beauties of present methodology.

scholarly journals Fruit juice mediated multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of substituted isoxazoles and their in vitro bio evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Gulati Shelu ◽  
Rajvir Singh Rajvir ◽  
Suman Sangwan Suman
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Reaction ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
One Pot

Abstract A simple, efficient and eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis of isoxazoles derivatives (4a-4h) using one-pot three components reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a), methyl acetoacetate (2a) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3a) has been achieved in presence of Cocos nucifera L. juice, Solanum lycopersicum L. juice and Citrus limetta juice respectively. This protocol is natural acid catalysed multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of potentially bioactive isoxazole derivatives. The homogeneity of synthesized compounds was confirmed by melting point and thin layer chromatography. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using 1HNMR, FTIR and CHN spectral analysis and evaluated for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). The compounds (4a-4h) were also screened for their fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by poisoned food techniques. Antibacterial activity was also tested against Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas citri by inhibition zone method. From bio evaluation data, it was found that compound 4b was most active against Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compound 4b was also found most active against both the fungus viz. R. solani and C. gloeosporioides showing maximum percentage growth inhibition i.e. 90.00 against R. solani and 82.45 against C. gloeosporioides at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Compound 4h has shown maximum inhibition zone i.e. 3.00-9.60 mm against Erwinia carotovora at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Maximum Xanthomonas citri growth was also inhibited by compound 4h showing inhibition zone 1.00-5.00 mm at highest concentration. Less reaction time, high yields of desired products, mild reaction conditions, simple work-up, cost effectiveness and no need of column chromatography are some beauties of present methodology.

scholarly journals Fruit juice mediated multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of substituted isoxazoles and their in vitro bio-evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Gulati ◽  
Rajvir Singh ◽  
Suman Sangwan
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Three Component Reaction

AbstractA simple, efficient and eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis of isoxazole derivatives (4a–4h) using one-pot three-component reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a), methyl acetoacetate (2a) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3a) has been achieved in presence of Cocos nucifera L. juice, Solanum lycopersicum L. juice and Citrus limetta juice respectively. The homogeneity of synthesized compounds was confirmed by melting point and thin layer chromatography. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using 1H NMR, FTIR and CHN analyses and evaluated for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). The compounds (4a–4h) were also screened for their fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Antibacterial activity was also tested against Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas citri. From bio-evaluation data, it was found that compound 4b was most active against Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compound 4b was also found most active against both the fungus viz. R. solani and C. gloeosporioides showing maximum percentage growth inhibition i.e. 90.00 against R. solani and 82.45 against C. gloeosporioides at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Compound 4 h has shown maximum inhibition zone i.e. 3.00–9.60 mm against Erwinia carotovora at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Maximum Xanthomonas citri growth was also inhibited by compound 4 h showing inhibition zone 1.00–5.00 mm at highest concentration.

scholarly journals Efficient and facile synthesis of pyrazoles using Guar-gum as biocatalyst and their in vitro bio-evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Sangwan ◽  
Rajvir Singh ◽  
SUSHEEL GULATI ◽  
Suprita Rana
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions

Abstract A green efficient and facile synthesis of pyrazoles is reported via condensation reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a-1i), malononitrile (2) and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (3) in presence of acylated Guar-gum as biocatalyst under solvent-free conditions. The progress of reaction was checked by thin layer chromatography and melting points reported are uncorrected. All synthesized compounds (4a-4i) were characterized by using 1HNMR and FTIR spectral techniques and evaluated for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). All compounds (4a-4i) were also evaluated for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger by poisoned food techniques method. Antioxidant activity of synthesized compound was also determined. From activity results, it was found that compound 4f was most active against both Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compounds 4e and 4h were found most active against Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger fungus respectively at highest concentration. Compound 4e has shown maximum percentage DPPH free radical scavenging activity 1.e. 61.47% at 100 µg/mL concentration. Less reaction time, excellent yield of products, mild reaction conditions and simple work-up are some merits of present methodology.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Sheath Blight Disease of Rice by using Antagonistic Bacteria

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Bashar ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MN Uddin ◽  
MN Begum
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Sheath Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

The study was made to detect and identify antagonistic bacteria to control Rhizoctonia solani, a causal organism of sheath blight (ShB) disease of rice. Isolation of antagonistic bacteria was done from ShB infected rice leaf collected from the districts of Gazipur, Rajshahi, Bogra and Comilla. Fifty isolates of bacteria were isolated. These isolates were tested for antagonism against ShB pathogen of in PDA medium. Among the isolates of antagonistic bacteria (both fluorescent and non fluorescent), eleven produced more than 15 mm inhibition zone, were selected for this study. Remarkable inhibition zone producing ten isolates were selected to observe their antagonistic behaviour by soaking the sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani and rice seedlings in different hours into bacterial suspension of 3.84 x 107 CFU/ml. Both the in vitro and in vivo rom showed that the sclerotial germination and sheath blight symptom expression were delayed 6-9 days. Soaking of both seedlings and sclerotia with the test bacteria was found most effective to control ShB (38% - 100%) than soaking of seedlings alone with bacterial suspension at different hours. However, BanShbFPS5 (2)B, BanShb738(3), BanShb738(2) and BanShb581(1), the four antagonistic bacterial isolates could be applied as biological agent to control sheath blight disease of rice and they could control sheath blight disease development and could delay the epidemics of the disease. Key words: Biological control; Sheath blight disease; Rhizoctonia solani; Antagonistic bacteria DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6529Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(3), 225-232, 2010

scholarly journals Rapid Screening of Rhizobacteria for Suppression of Rhizoctonia Damping-off

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 468B-468
Author(s):  
J.O Becker ◽  
U.K. Schuch
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Screening System ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Second Tier

A rapid screening system was developed to identify plant-beneficial rhizobacteria useful in protecting nursery seedlings against damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Ornamental and agricultural crops were planted into 100 soil samples that were collected from various fields throughout California. More than 7000 bacterial strains from the rhizosphere of these crops were isolated and tested in vitro for antibiosis against R. solani AG4. In a second tier, 600 active strains were tested in planting trays seeded with radish (Raphanus sativus `Cherry Belle'). Each planting cell filled with commercial potting mix contained millet-grown R. solani inoculum in the center and eight radish seeds at the periphery. Bacteria were cultured for 24 hr at 25°C in 10% tryptic soy broth and were applied as a drench at 1 × 107 cfu/cc to each cell. Trays were incubated in a growth chamber at 21°C and a 10-hr photoperiod. Post-emergence damping-off occurred within 8 to 9 days after planting, and no further losses were observed after 14 days. Approximately 0.5% of the original 7000 bacterial strains tested reduced damping-off significantly. Fifteen bacterial strains controlled Rhizoctonia damping-off by 30% to 60% compared to the non-treated control.

scholarly journals Óleo essencial de Baccharis tridentata Vahl: composição química, atividade antioxidante e fungitóxica, e caracterização morfológica das estruturas secretoras por microscopia eletrônica de varredura

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Souza ◽  
M.G. Cardoso ◽  
P.E. Souza ◽  
L.G.L. Guimarães ◽  
J. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a composição química do óleo essencial de Baccharis tridentata Vahl, as atividades antioxidante e fungitóxica, e estudar a morfologia das estruturas secretoras do óleo essencial presentes na superfície foliar por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada por hidrodestilação, as análises quantitativas e qualitativas foram executadas por meio de cromatografia em fase gasosa com detector de ionização de chamas (FID) e acoplada à espectrometria de massas, respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante foi realizada empregando-se os métodos de redução do radical estável DPPH e o ensaio de oxidação do sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoleico. As atividades fungitóxicas foram avaliadas utilizando o teste bioanalítico in vitro, sobre a inibição do crescimento micelial dos fitopatógenos Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Rhizoctonia solani. A composição química revelou a presença de 28 compostos, sendo o α-tujeno (22,93%) o constituinte majoritário; não foi observada atividade antioxidante por meio dos ensaios utilizados, no entanto, observou-se atividade fungitóxica sobre o crescimento micelial dos fitopatógenos estudados. Já os estudos da superfície foliar por MEV revelaram a presença de tricomas glandulares em ambas as superfícies abaxial e adaxial.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Efficacy of White Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Root Extract and Application as a Natural Preservative in Sponge Cake

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Huynh Hoang Duy ◽  
Pham Thi Kim Ngoc ◽  
Le Thi Hong Anh ◽  
Dong Thi Anh Dao ◽  
Duy Chinh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Sponge Cake ◽  
Radish Root ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
White Radish

The study attempts the optimization of the total flavonoid content (TFC) and the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) antioxidant activity of the white radish (Raphanus sativus L.) root ethanolic extract (WRE) with regard to several parameters including ethanol concentration, the ratio of solvent/material, temperature and extraction time. Then antifungal analysis of WRE was performed against four fungal species including Aspergillus flavus NBRC 33021, Aspergillus niger NBRC 4066, Aspergillus clavatus NBRC 33020, and Fusarium solani NBRC 31094. At the WRE concentration of 75 mg/mL, diameters of inhibition zone were 9.11 ± 1.5, 19.55 ± 1.68, 17.72 ± 0.25, and 17.50 ± 0.73 mm respectively against the four examined species. Minimum fungal concentration (MFC) values of WRE against the four species were 30, 10, 20 and 30 mg/mL respectively. Evaluation of the sponge cake added with white radish root extract suggested that shelf-life of the sponge cake is 8 weeks in air-cooled condition (20 °C) and two weeks in warm condition (37 °C).

scholarly journals Antagonismo de rizobacterias sobre hongos fitopatógenos, y su actividad microbiana con potencial biofertilizante, bioestimulante y biocontrolador

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Erika Lorena Blanco Carrero ◽  
Yulimar Castro Molina
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

Las rizobacterias forman parte de la gran cantidad de microorganismos que actúan como agentes de biocontrol, produciendo metabolitos que inducen resistencia sistémica en las plantas que inhiben el crecimiento de patógenos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la capacidad de diez rizobacterias de los géneros Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Ochrobactrum y Pseudomonas para producir ácido cianhídrico (HCN), sideróforos y ácido indol-acético (AIA), disolver fosfato, fijar nitrógeno e inhibir el crecimiento de fitopatógenos. Se realizaron todas las pruebas fisiológicas y bioquímicas correspondientes, así como la prueba de antagonismo in vitro contra los fitopatógenos Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Rhizoctonia solani.  Cinco cepas produjeron una mayor cantidad de AIA en relación a las otras en presencia de triptófano, la cepa ES1 (Ochrobactrum sp.) produjo HCN, el 50 % de las cepas evaluadas liberaron sideróforos, el 60 % disolvió fósforo, y todas resultaron positivas para la fijación de nitrógeno. Nueve cepas inhibieron el crecimiento de F. oxysporum entre 40 % y 65 %, la cepa Alf (Pseudomonas fluorescens) inhibió además el crecimiento de C. gloeosporioides en un 22 %, y ninguna inhibió el crecimiento de R. solani. Los rizobios evaluados y la cepa de Pseudomonas fluorescens podrían ejercer efectos beneficiosos sobre las plantas a través de mecanismos directos e indirectos, o una combinación de ambos, lo que las convierte en una opción sostenible para la producción de cultivos.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Indigenous Maluku: Karakteristik Morfologi dan Antagonismenya Terhadap Patogen Tanaman

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-182
Author(s):  
Jogeneis Patty ◽  
◽  
Costanza Uruilal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Penelitian tentang Trichoderma indigenous Maluku bertujuan untuk menemukan karakteristik morfologi 12 isolat lokal Trichoderma dan menkaji daya antagonismenya terhadap 3 patogen tanaman, Phytohpthora palmivora sebagai patogen busuk buah dan kanker batang kakao, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sebagai patogen antraknosa pada buah dan daun kakao, serta Rhizoctonia solani patogen busuk pelepah daun jagung. Karakterisitik 12 isolat lokal Trichoderma spp. asal rizosfer tanaman memiliki karakteristik yang agak berbeda, baik bentuk dan warna koloninya, tetapi juga pertumbuhannya, serta karakteristik morfologinya yang dibedakan berdasarkan ukuran panjang konidiofor, Panjang fialid dan diameter konidia. Dua belas isolat Trichoderma spp. memiliki daya antagonisme secara in vitro terhadap 3 patogen tanaman. Enam isolat memiliki daya antagonis terhadap patogen P. palmivora dan C. gloeosporioides yakni TrichoRKT1, TrichoRKlT2, TrichoRPBS2, TrichoRKlS1, TrichoRKA2 dan TrichoRPKl2), sedangkan enam isolat lainnya memiliki daya antagonis terhadap patogen R. solani, yaitu TrichoRKlN2, TrichoRKlW1, TrichoRPR1, TrichoRKR1, TrichoRKN2, dan TrichoRKlBB1. Presentase antagonisme terbesar terjadi pada isolat TrichoRKN2 (96.25%) dan TrichoRKR1 (93.64%) terhadap R. solani, keduannya tergolong antagonisme kelas 1 dan tergolong aktifitas antagonisme sangat tinggi. Presentase antagonisme terbesar juga terjadi pada isolat TRichoRKT1 (78.98%) dan TrichoRPKT1 (77.67%) terhadap C. gloeosporioides, keduanya tergolong antagonis kelas 2 atau aktifitas antagonis tinggi. Trichoderma spp. ditemukan memiliki mekanisme antagonisme kompetisi terhadap P. palmivora, C. gloeosporioides, dan R. solani, sedangkan memiliki mekanisme mikoparasitisme terhadap R. solani.

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