Phytonutrients and Metabolism Changes in Topped Radish Root and Its Detached Leaves during 1 °C Cold Postharvest Storage

Glucosinolates, lipid-soluble vitamins E and K contents, primary metabolites and plant hormones were analyzed from topped radish root and detached leaf during storage at 1 °C. The topped root was analyzed at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 90 days after storage while the detached leaf was analyzed at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 45 days in an airtight storage atmosphere environment. The results showed that aliphatic glucosinolates were gradually decreased in leaf but not in root. There was a highly significant correlation between tryptophan and 4-methoxyindoleglucobrassicin in both tissues (r = 0.922, n = 10). There was no significant difference in vitamins E and K in leaf and root during storage. Plant hormones partially explained the significantly changed metabolites by tissue and time, which were identified during cold storage. Phenylalanine, lysine, tryptophan, and myo-inositol were the most important biomarkers that explained the difference in leaf and root tissue during cold storage. The most different metabolism between leaf and root tissue was starch and sucrose metabolism. Therefore, different postharvest technology or regimes should be applied to these tissues.

The growth promotion effect of microelement fertilizers containing low molecular weight chitosan and xanthan on radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

The effects of gamma radiation on viscosity and molecular weight (Mw) of chitosan and xanthan were studied to utilize them as components that can induce plant growth promotor (PGP) effect and prolong the contact of agrochemicals with crop in the foliar microelement fertilizers. Various fertilizers were prepared from two formulations of microelements, radiation degraded low molecular weight (Mw) chitosan (LCST) and xanthan (LXT) and their effects on the growth, yield and quality of radish grown on alluvial soil were measured. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in experiment station. The results revealed that all development parameters of radish were much improved by foliar application of microelements and low Mw polysaccharides. The highest yield of radish root obtained with the plants treated with lower microelements and higher chitosan content (MF2). There are insignificant differences in total soluble solids, sugar and vitamin C content in the root harvested from the plants treated with the formulations supplementing the same amount of LCST, but the fertilizer composed of higher amount of microelements and chitosan (MF4) reduced nitrate residue in the root. It can be concluded that foliar microelement fertilizer containing low Mw polysaccharide can be applied to improve the growth, yield and quality of radish.

Modeling and optimization of radish root extract drying as peroxidase source using spouted bed dryer

The main advantages of the dried enzymes are the lower cost of storage and longer time of preservation for industrial applications. In this study, the spouted bed dryer was utilized for drying the garden radish (Raphanus sativus L.) root extract as a cost-effective source of the peroxidase enzyme. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of main parameters (the inlet air temperature (T) and the ratio of air flow rate to the minimum spouting air flow rate (Q)) on the residual enzyme activity (REA). The maximum REA of 38.7% was obtained at T = 50 °C and Q = 1.4. To investigate the drying effect on the catalytic activity, the optimum reaction conditions (pH and temperature), as well as kinetic parameters, were investigated for the fresh and dried enzyme extracts (FEE and DEE). The obtained results showed that the optimum pH of DEE was decreased by 12.3% compared to FEE, while the optimum temperature of DEE compared to FEE increased by a factor of 85.7%. Moreover, kinetic parameters, thermal-stability, and shelf life of the enzyme were considerably improved after drying by the spouted bed. Overall, the results confirmed that a spouted bed reactor can be used as a promising method for drying heat-sensitive materials such as peroxidase enzyme.

SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN PROTECTED IRRIGATED RADISH CULTIVATION

SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN PROTECTED IRRIGATED RADISH CULTIVATION PATRÍCIA FERREIRA DA SILVA1; RIGOBERTO MOREIRA DE MATOS2; JOSÉ DANTAS NETO3; JOÃO HENRIQUE DE ANDRADE CABRAL4; VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA5 E MARIA SALLYDELÂNDIA SOBRAL DE FARIAS6 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 4 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 5 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário,58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 6 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário,58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT The sustainable treatment of wastewater can be an alternative to irrigated agriculture, aiming to mitigate the effects of water scarcity in regions that suffer with this issue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sustainable treatment of wastewater on the irrigation of radish cultivated in greenhouses. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks a 3x3 factorial scheme, with the factors being three qualities of water (water treated by wetland, water treated by wetland + UASB and control treatment (water from the local supply system)) and three micro-irrigation systems (subsurface drip, surface drip and micro sprinkler), with four replications. Waters treated by sustainable systems such as wetland and wetland + UASB, were not considered suitable for irrigation of leafy crops according to the guidelines of CONAMA resolution 357/2005. The sustainable treatment wetland + UASB and drip irrigation showed the best results in growth and production of radish. The radish root diameters were within the range considered ideal by the consumer market. Further studies with combinations of sustainable water treatment systems are needed aiming to frame the treated wastewater quality to the requirements of CONAMA resolution 357 for irrigation of leafy crops. Keywords: reactor UASB, wetland, Raphanus sativus, reuse, microirrigation. SILVA, P. F.; MATOS, R. M.; DANTAS NETO, J.; CABRAL, J. H. A.; LIMA, V. L. A.; FARIAS, M. S. S. TRATAMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DA ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA NO CULTIVO DE RABANETE IRRIGADO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO 2 RESUMO O tratamento sustentável das águas residuárias pode ser uma alternativa para a agricultura irrigada, visando mitigar os efeitos da escassez hídrica em regiões que sofrem com esta problemática. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito do tratamento sustentável de água residuária no cultivo de rabanete irrigado em ambiente protegido. O trabalho foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x3, sendo os fatores: três qualidades de água (água tratada por wetland, água tratada por wetland+UASB e tratamento testemunha (água do sistema de abastecimento local)) e três sistemas de microirrigação (gotejamento subsuperficial, gotejamento superficial e microaspersão, com quatro repetições. As águas tratadas por sistemas sustentáveis como wetland e wetland+UASB, não foram consideradas próprias para irrigação de culturas folhosas conforme as diretrizes da resolução do CONAMA 357/2005. O tratamento sustentável wetland+UASB e irrigação por gotejamento evidenciaram os melhores resultados em crescimento e produção de rabanete. Os diâmetros das raízes do rabanete ficaram dentro da faixa considerada ideal pelo mercado consumidor. São necessários mais estudos com combinações de sistemas sustentáveis de tratamento de água visando enquadrar a qualidade da água residuária tratada nas exigências da resolução CONAMA 357 para irrigação de culturas folhosas. Palavras-chave: reator UASB, wetland, Raphanus sativus, reúso, microirrigação.

Influence of Conventional and Non-conventional Organic Sources of Plant Nutrients and Industrial Refuse for Yield and Quality Enhancement of Radish

Background: India generates about 50 million tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) every year. Composting MSW is viewed as a low-cost method of diverting organic wastes from landfills in to a valuable product of agricultural importance. Farm Yard Manure (FYM) is an organic matter rich with a small quantity of nitrogen, while rice hull ash is a good source of plant nutrients particularly of potash. Bagasse ash is a waste obtained from sugar industries and is capable of supplying significant amount of plant nutrients. The present investigation aimed to study the effect of organic sources of plant nutrients and industrial waste on yield and quality of radish as a supplementary source of plant nutrients.Methods: A pot trial investigation was carried out during 2019 at Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tami Nadu to study the influence of conventional and non-conventional organic sources of plant nutrients and industrial refuse on yield and quality of radish. Under this trial, FYM (12.5 t ha-1), Municipal Solid Waste Compost (25 t ha-1), Rice hull ash (5 t ha-1), Bagasse ash (10 t ha-1) with 100% RDF and 75% RDF were tried.Result: The present investigation under pot trial showed that the maximum radish root yield, shoot yield and quality were observed due to the application of organic sources of plant nutrients of both conventional and non-conventional organic sources and industrial refuse.

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL RESEARCH STUDY OF ROOT PART OF BAL (TENDER) AND VRIDDHA (BOLT) MOOLAK (Raphanus Sativus Linn.)

Ayurveda treatment faces negligible complication and positive health impact on the patients, even in Ayurveda usage of herbal medicine has its own significant advantage. According to ancient science there is nothing on this earth which is not medicine. Ayurveda considers all substances as medicine, if used for specific purpose in an appropriate way. Acharyas has also described about different season, Stages and Area for collection of different part of medicinal plant. Susrut has mentioned the collection method of Ahar dravyas Samgraha in Annapanavidhi - Adhyaya where mature root is said ideal for collection, Bal (Tender) and Vriddha (bolt) root should be avoided but in special case of moolak (Radish) root, properties of Bal and Vriddha moolak are mentioned separately and in some case of disease where moolak is used as medicine especially Balmoolak is taken. Aims & Objectives - The motive of this research is to compare both stages of moolak on the basis of literature review, pharmacognostical and phytochemical properties which further evaluates their pharmacological properties and also this study would serve as a useful gauge in isolation of medicinally important phytoconstituents, performing pharmacological investigation and ensuring quality formulations and standardization of the plant material. Materials & Methods - TLC plate spot, Quanitative analysis of phenolic contents and flavonoids. Result - All the laboratory experiments show clear difference between both the stages of moolak and presence of saponin defines hepatoprotective property of Balmoolak. Conclusion - The research study has shown that Balmoolak is good for GIT and biliary system but the properties of vriddha moolak are not suitable for GIT so it is called Tridoshakarak and balmoolak is called tridoshamak property. Keywords - Bal, Vriddha, Moolak, Ahardravya.

Effects of intercropping on growth, elemental composition and antioxidant activity of Artemisia scoparia and Raphanus sativus under lead supply

Artemisia species and radish demonstrate intensive allelopathic properties and high ability to hyperaccumulate heavy metals, but their interaction has not been studied up to date. In a pot experiment, the relationship between wormwood (A. scoparia L.) and radish grown individually or intercropped, without and with Pb(NO3)2 supply, was investigated. The intercropping had significant effects in both species, as a consequence of metal allelopathy. Radish showed decrease of root biomass (1.75- fold), Fe, Mn and Zn content (2-fold), Cu level (5.4-fold), and a 1.59-fold Pb increase in the leaves. In wormwood, a 1.75-fold increase of root biomass, as well as a 7.2- and 2.8-fold increase of root and leaf Fe content, respectively, were recorded. A. scoparia, the most Pb tolerant out of the 11 Artemisia species investigated, accumulated 6.6 and 9.9 times more Pb in leaves and roots respectively, compared to radish, under Pb supply which encouraged the growth of both plants. The intercropping under Pb supply induced a three-fold decrease of radish root biomass and 7.8-fold decrease of Pb content. Changes in plant antioxidant activity were recorded only under Pb supply and were not related to radish-wormwood interaction: the leaf phenolics content and antioxidant activity displayed 1.4- and 2- fold increases, respectively, in radish, and 1.4- and 1.6-fold decreases in wormwood. Synchronous changes in elemental composition of wormwood and radish in intercropping conditions, without or under Pb supply, suggest the significance of this phenomenon in plants interaction and arise high prospects of A. scoparia utilization to tackle weeds and soil Pb pollution

Comparing Cotyledon, Leaf and Root Resistance To Downy Mildew in Radish (Raphanus Sativus L.)

Radish downy mildew (DM) is a disease caused by the oomycete Hyaloperonospora brassicae f. sp. raphani and it is a serious problem in radish production, an edible root vegetable crop of the Brassicaceae family. The objective of this research was to assess radish germplasm for DM resistance and to evaluate the response of different radish organs to the disease. Cotyledons, true-leaves and roots of 44 radish accessions were inoculated with H. brassicae isolates under controlled conditions. The cotyledons were individually evaluated 7dpi (days post-inoculation), and the leaves and roots 12dpi. DM symptoms varied with the radish genotype and plant organ analysed. Thirty-five resistant and partially resistant accessions were identified and are promising sources to DM. A significant correlation was observed between cotyledon and leaf (1st and 2nd leaves) DM resistance, but no correlation was found between the resistance of cotyledons or true-leaves and roots. Cotyledon and leaf response cannot be used to predict radish root resistance. However, cotyledon resistance has its own value because non-infected cotyledons will act as a barrier to slow disease progression to true-leaves and roots.