scholarly journals Guangzhou Tongcao painting in late China Qing Dynasty（1840—1912 AD）: technology revealed by Analytical Approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Zhang ◽  
Jianbin Huang ◽  
Tiequan Zhu ◽  
Ronglin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Western World ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Guangzhou Tongcao painting in Qing Dynasty of China witnessed the exchange of economy, culture, art and technology between China and foreign countries, which was an important exported product in historical China. In this paper, by using Optical Stereo Microscope, Polarized Light Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope attached Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and micro confocal laser Raman Spectroscope, a Qing Dynasty Tongcao painting with the subject of family life of an official's female relative was analyzed. Our study revealed that: 1) the hexagonal cell morphology which was easily observed in the Tongcao pith could contain more pigments and increase the stereo sense of painting, and the cell of historical Tongcao pith had started to degrade, which indicated an urgent requirement on conservation of Tongcao painting; 2) alum was needed as the fixing agent in the preparation of pigments and the painting process; 3) both the China domestic pigments including red lead, calcite, lead white, carbon black and gamboge, and the synthetic pigments imported from Europe (synthetic ultramarine, prussian blue and emerald green) were applied in this painting, which reflected the bi-directional communication of culture and technology between China and western world. Meanwhile, the existence of synthetic ultramarine, prussian blue and emerald green was helpful to further identify the production date of this painting to late Qing Dynasty, mainly the mid-late 19th century.

scholarly journals Guangzhou Tongcao painting in late China Qing Dynasty (1840–1912 AD): technology revealed by analytical approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Zhang ◽  
Jianbin Huang ◽  
Tiequan Zhu ◽  
Rongling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Western World ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractGuangzhou Tongcao paintings in Qing Dynasty of China witnessed the exchange of economy, culture, art and technology between China and foreign countries, which were an important export product in historical China. In this paper, by using Optical Stereo Microscope, Polarized Light Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope attached Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and micro confocal laser Raman Spectroscope, a Qing Dynasty Tongcao painting with the subject of family life of an official’s female relative was analyzed. Our study revealed that: (1) the hexagonal cell morphology which was easily observed in the Tongcao pith could contain more pigments and increase the stereo sense of painting, and the cell of historical Tongcao pith had started to degrade, which indicated an urgent requirement on conservation of Tongcao paintings; (2) alum was needed as the fixing agent in the preparation of pigments and the painting process; (3) both the China domestic pigments including red lead, calcite, lead white, carbon black and gamboge, and the synthetic pigments imported from Europe (synthetic ultramarine, prussian blue and emerald green) were applied in this painting, which reflected the bi-directional communication of culture and technology between China and western world. Meanwhile, the existence of synthetic ultramarine, prussian blue and emerald green was helpful to further identify the production date of this painting was late Qing Dynasty, mainly the mid-late 19th century.

scholarly journals Guangzhou Tongcao painting in late China Qing Dynasty（1840—1912 AD）: technology revealed by Analytical Approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Zhang ◽  
Jianbin Huang ◽  
Tiequan Zhu ◽  
Ronglin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Western World ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Art And Technology ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Female Relative ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Guangzhou Tongcao painting in late Qing Dynasty of China witnessed the exchange of economy, culture, art and technology between China and foreign countries, which was an important exported product in historical China. In this paper, by using Optical Stereo Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope attached Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and micro confocal laser Raman Spectroscope, a Qing Dynasty Tongcao painting with the subject of family life of an official's female relative was analyzed. Our study revealed that: 1) the hexagonal cell morphology which was easily observed in the Tongcao pith could contain more pigments and increase the stereo sense of painting, and the cell of historical Tongcao pith had started to degrade, which indicated an urgent requirement on conservation of Tongcaopainting; 2) alum was needed as the fixing agent in the preparation of pigments and the painting process; 3) both the China domestic pigments including red lead, calcite, lead white, carbon black and gamboge, and the synthetic pigments imported from Europe (synthetic ultramarine, prussian blue and emerald green) were applied in this painting, which reflected the bi-directional communication of culture and technology between China and western world.

scholarly journals Guangzhou Tongcao painting in late China Qing Dynasty（1840—1912 AD): technology revealed by Analytical Approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Zhang ◽  
Jianbin Huang ◽  
Tiequan Zhu ◽  
Ronglin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Western World ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Art And Technology ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Female Relative ◽  
Red Lead ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Guangzhou Tongcao painting of China late Qing Dynasty witnessed the exchange of economy, culture, art and technology between China and foreign countries, which was an important exported product in the ancient China. In this paper, by using stereo microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope attached Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and micro Raman Spectroscope, a Qing Dynasty Tongcao painting with the subject of family life of an official's female relative was analyzed. Our study revealed that: 1) the hexagonal cell morphology could be easily observed in the Tongcao pith which could contain much more pigment and increase the stereo sense of painting, and the cell of the ancient Tongcao pith had started to degrade, which indicated an urgent requirement on conservation of the tongcao painting; 2) alum was applied as the fixing agent in the preparation of pigments and the painting process; 3) both the China domestic pigments including red lead, calcite, lead white, carbon black and gamboge, and the synthetic pigments imported from Europe ( artificial ultramarine, Prussian blue and emerald green) was applied in the painting, which reflected the bi-directional communication of culture and technology between China and the western world.

Kaiping Village Planning Thoughts during the Late Qing-Dynasty and the Republican Period (1900 -1949)

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2208-2213
Author(s):  
Jin Hua Tan Selia
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Western World ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
Opium War ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Pearl River

Located in mid-southern part of Guangdong Province and southwest of the Pearl River Delta, Kaiping County stretches over an area of 1,659 sq. km. It comprises more than 2,700 villages, with a total population of 0.68 million. There are also 0.75 million Kaiping people residing abroad in 67 countries and regions (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). Kaiping people started to make a living abroad after the Opium War (1860), when China was forced to open their doors to the Western world. Most of them went overseas to North America, Latin America, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Those people came back to their hometown area to build houses for their families during the later Qing Dynasty and the Republican Period (c.1900-1949). They combined new ideas with their traditional village planning principles when they established new villages. This article attempts to focus on local planning regulations and tries to explain how Western planning ideas were brought back and used in local village planning.

scholarly journals Asia's Declining Death Penalty

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Human History ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Capital Crimes

For most cultures and most of human history, the death penalty was taken for granted and directed at a wide range of offenders. In ancient Israel, death was prescribed for everything from murder and magic to blasphemy, bestiality, and cursing one's parents. In eighteenth-century Britain, more than 200 crimes were punishable by death, including theft, cutting down a tree, and robbing a rabbit warren. China of the late Qing dynasty had some 850 capital crimes, many reflecting the privileged position of male over female and senior over junior.

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