ABS Provides Opportunities for Indigenous and Local Communities in the Limpopo National Park. An ethnobotanical survey of plants used by the Changana community, Limpopo National Park, Mozambique
Abstract Background: Genetic resources are important for the livelihood of the rural population in developing countries and have an economic potential that, through an efficient Access and Benefit Sharing regime, can support sustainable economic development. Considering the wealth of genetic resources in Mozambique, its eligibility for Access and Benefit Sharing projects has been explored. Methods: The socio-economic status of the Changana community of the Limpopo National Park area was studied through a 500 questionnaires socio-economic survey. Considering the livelihood role that plant genetic resources could play for the local rural population, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted, with the support of villagers knowledgeable of wild plant resources and their use. Results: Several criticalities in the living condition of local communities and a generalized lack of adequate economic incomes have emerged from the socio-economic analysis. A list of 101 plant species with important commercial possibilities, mainly related to medical, food and cosmetic sectors, was provided by the ethnobotanical survey. Around 95% of the plant studied which could have effective medical properties showed the greatest potential.Conclusion: A significant potential for Mozambique to be included in Access and Benefit Sharing initiatives was recognized. The present work can contribute to the identification of Access and Benefit Sharing pilot projects, toward the evaluation of the policy efficacy and implementation of the Nagoya Protocol in the Country. The Limpopo National Park area can support Access and Benefit Sharing projects toward the economic development of the indigenous and local communities and the conservation of the Country’s biodiversity.