METHODOLOGIC DIRECTIONS IN CRIMINALISTIC RESEARCH FOR THE OFFENCE OF TRAFFICKING AND ILLICIT DRUG CONSUMPTION

The criminal activity of trafficking and illicit drug use is developing rapidly, new psychoactive substances are emerging at a rapid pace and represent a major threat to the health and safety of individuals. The actual crime in the case of trafficking and illicit drug use offence must be determined in terms of size the participants and causes. The distinction between real crime and apparent crime is defined as the "dark number or hidden figure of crime" (Rădulescu S., 1999, 189) The use of this concept is specifically used in the case of the number of crimes committed and remained unknown to the society, for various reasons. In the forensic investigation of the crime of trafficking and illicit drug use, the research activity is carried out with great difficulties, because one of the forms of crime with the highest rate of the dark number of crime and almost impossible to estimate is the illicit trafficking and consumption of drugs, as victims are most often accomplice in this form of crime, and establishing the diversity of substances that fall into the narcotic sphere is relative.

CHALLENGE FOR ANNULMENT

The challenge for annulment - an extraordinary legal remedy of withdrawal by which the parties or the prosecutor can obtain the cancellation of a court ruling in the cases exhaustively provided by law. It can be exercised for the purpose of withdrawing court rulings (judgments) that were pronounced in disregard of certain procedural rules, not for reasons of groundlessness. This article aims to highlight the object of the challenge for annulment, the persons who may advance a challenge for annulment, the conditions imposed by the law for the admissibility of such a challenge, and the possible solutions rendered by the court.

EUROPEAN CERTIFICATE OF SUCCESSION

The newly created European Certificate of Succession is applicable in almost the entire EU. It is primarily used to verify an heir’s status and is designed to serve alongside the existing national inheritance certificates (such as the German Erbschein), making it easier for heirs to settle inheritance matters abroad. This EU Succession Regulation does not, however, affect the provisions of individual Member States in the areas of substantive inheritance law (e. g. the question of who is a legal heir) and inheritance tax law. This paper aims to analyze how the regulation of the European inheritance certificate interacts with the regulation of the national inheritance certificate. Thus it does not replace documents such as the Romanian inheritance certificate but is rather a supplementary inheritance document.

REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AREA IN THE PERIOD OF THE COLD WAR. TURKEY'S CONTRIBUTION TO REGIONAL SECURITY

The alliance belt between Turkey, Iran, Pakistan and Iraq led to the creation of the political-military bloc nicknamed the Baghdad Pact, which aimed to limit Soviet expansionism to the warm seas and the Gulf and to ensure peace and security in the Middle East region.Another trio of non-Arab states in the East: Turkey, Israel and Iran formed an influential military alliance in the late 1950s under the name of the Phantom Pact or the Peripheral Alliance in order to coordinate the activity of the three secret intelligence services, to coordinate their activities. express their anti-Soviet stance and maintain regional security. Equally, Turkey's involvement in regional affairs played an essential role. Today, the presence of the UN in the area, is facing a new danger of our times: terrorism.

20 YEARS OF EUROPEAN FUNDS’ MANAGEMENT – WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED AND WHAT IS TO DO NEXT? A PRACTITIONER’S PERSPECTIVE

The management of European funds was part of the public agenda, in a consistent manner, for the past 15 to 20 years. Although visible progress has been made since the moment Romania started to access pre-accession funds (Phare, ISPA, SAPARD), to date, with direct effects on the economic growth, the efficiency in implementing it suffered a lot due to the political spectrum intervention, the human resource involved, the volatile administrative framework or even due to the influence, sometimes unwelcomed, of the private sector. The present material tries to unveil some of the causes that affected the implementation of European projects, and also to offer a range of solutions for a better management of it, taking into consideration the fact that the new programming period, 2021-2027, is at our doorstep.

PERSONAL SAFETY. PROTECTION OF THE VICTIMS OF CRIME

The impact of the crime phenomenon on the persons affected by it can be a profound one transposed into physical, mental, emotional and financial injuries, of which some victims can never recover. The actions that make up the criminal act can be harmed on the victims, witnesses or their families, and the most serious of the threats are those against the person's life. The paper focuses, first and foremost, on the measures to be taken to protect the victims of crime, as well as on the means of support offered to the victims so that they can enjoy the right of access to justice in order to cover their harm.

FUTILITY OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ON THE ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF PUBLIC GATHERINGS – THE RIGHT TO PROTEST IN ROMANIA

If in the introductory part of the paper we present the constituent elements of the right to protest in relation to constitutional or conventional provisions and by analyzing some jurisprudential elements of the national courts and of the European Court of Human Rights, in the second part we carry out a detailed analysis of the solutions pronounced by the relevant national courts, based on which we concluded the uselessness of the sanctions regulation regarding the participation in protest actions carried out in a peaceful context.

FORMS OF SOCIAL REACTION AGAINST CRIMINALITY

In the first part we define some forms of social reaction against crime conceived as a mechanism of social and normative organization, perpetuating itself differently from one society to another, depending on the specifics of each one, referring to the system of ethical, normative and cultural values. Next, we identify aspects related to fight against criminality, which consider the way of establishing some forms of social control, from a social/ legislative/ institutional/ state/ contextual norms perspective, that are found in the public or private space.

LEGAL PROTECTION AND SOCIAL REINTEGRATION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIMS

As of April 2019 the Romanian authorities have expanded the protective measures to which victims of crime will have access through Government Ordinance 24/2019. This legislative amendment is designed to harmonise national legislation with the full provisions of the European Directive 2012/29/EU laying down minimum rules on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime. These changes are welcome given previous legislative loopholes and worrying statistics as the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings is growing in Romania. This paper is reviewing recent legislative changes and proposes an analysis of the protection and support measures available for victims of trafficking in human beings in Romania.

LEGAL REGULATIONS REGARDING THE IMPACT EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF STRUCTURAL AND COHESION FUNDS

Establishing a legislative framework for addressing an appropriate methodology for assessing the impact of Structural and Cohesion funds, in all 3 evaluation phases (ex-ante, intermediate and ex-post), is necessary both for users of these funds (the resort ministry, the intermediary bodies, the final beneficiaries – from an EU Member State) as well as for researchers on this topic. The stage of the knowledge in the field of the impact of these funds on each EU Member State economy narrows when the effects of the implementation of projects at regional, county and urban - rural level are discussed.