scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Safe Special Fitness Testing in Judo Players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiesław Błach ◽  
Tadeusz Ambroży ◽  
Zbigniew Obmiński ◽  
Nikos Malliaronopoulos ◽  
Juliusz Migasiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Specific Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

Abstract Background: Measurements of physical fitness indices obtained in laboratory tests using an ergometer or a treadmill are very accurate, but they involve selected groups of muscles and do not reproduce the structure of the sport-specific exercise in judo. For this reason, researchers seek for the tests that use movements similar to the characteristic offensive techniques used during competitions (i.e. throwing). The most commonly recommended is the seoi-nage throwing test, known as SJFT (special judo fitness test).The aim of the study was to develop a new test in which uke is replaced by a dummy, in order to reduce the injury rate and ensure the safety of the participants.Methods: During the 3-week period, competitors from different weight classes performed at the beginning and then after the 2-week period one 1-minute series of continual dummy throws using the o-goshi technique and the seoi-nage technique. Post-exercise physiological responses (heart rate [HR] and blood lactate levels [La]) were evaluated.Results: Significant improvements were reported in o-goshi performance level after the training period. Physiological responses to exercise did not change significantly after training sessions. On both measurement days, post-exercise La levels were similar for o-goshi and seoi-nage throws, whereas post-exercise HR was significantly greater after seoi-nage throws.Conclusions: The dummy throwing test can be a recommended alternative to uke throwing due to the elimination of the risk of injuries to practising athletes.

Juvenile sturgeon exhibit reduced physiological responses to exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (24) ◽  
pp. 4281-4289
Author(s):  
James D. Kieffer ◽  
Andrea M. Wakefield ◽  
Matthew K. Litvak
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Shortnose Sturgeon ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Excretion Rates

SUMMARYExperiments were conducted to determine the physiological responses to exercise of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) and shortnose sturgeon (A. brevirostrum). We measured the rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in both species and a variety of physiological parameters in both muscle (e.g. lactate, glycogen, pyruvate, glucose and phosphocreatine concentrations) and blood (e.g. osmolality and lactate concentration) in juvenile shortnose sturgeon following 5 min of exhaustive exercise.In both species, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates increased approximately twofold following exhaustive exercise. Post-exercise oxygen consumption rates decreased to control levels within 30 min in both sturgeon species, but post-exercise ammonia excretion rates remained high in Atlantic sturgeon throughout the 4 h experiment. Resting muscle energy metabolite levels in shortnose sturgeon were similar to those of other fish species, but the levels decreased only slightly following the exercise period and recovery occurred within an hour. Under resting conditions, muscle lactate levels were low (<1 μmol g–1) but they increased to approximately 6 μmol g–1 after exercise, returning to control levels within 6 h. Unlike similarly stressed teleost fish, such as the rainbow trout, plasma lactate levels did not increase substantially and returned to resting levels within 2 h. Plasma osmolality was not significantly affected by exercise in shortnose sturgeon.Taken together, these results suggest that shortnose and Atlantic sturgeon do not exhibit the physiological responses to exhaustive exercise typical of other fish species. They may possess behavioural or endocrinological mechanisms that differ from those of other fishes and that lead to a reduced ability to respond physiologically to exhaustive exercise.

scholarly journals MAXIMUM EFFORT TRAINING PERFORMED IN HYPOXIA ALTERS THE MOOD PROFILE

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-445
Author(s):  
Sara Quaglia de Campos Giampá ◽  
Jorge Fernando Tavares de Souza ◽  
Marco Túlio de Mello ◽  
Sergio Tufik ◽  
Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Hemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Mood Scale ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise at high altitude has become constant. However, the risks associated with this type of exercise represent a major concern, considering the influence of important stressors such as hypoxia and physical exercise on psychobiological and physiological responses. Objective: Analyze the mood state and behavior of physiological variables of volunteers subjected to a progressive loading protocol until they reached maximum volitional exhaustion, both at sea level and at a simulated altitude of 4500 meters. Method: For both conditions studied, the volunteers responded to two instruments that assess mood responses: The Brunel Mood Scale and the Visual Analogue Mood Scale. They also underwent blood sampling to measure blood lactate levels and to evaluate oxygen-hemoglobin saturation. These procedures were performed before, immediately after, and 30 and 60 minutes after the end of the protocol. Results: Hypoxia triggered negative effects on mood responses, especially when compared to sea level conditions. An increase in fatigue level (p=0.02) and mental confusion (p=0.04) was observed immediately after the exercise session, and reduction of vigor (p=0.03) was noted at 30 minutes, accompanied by a reduction in oxygen-hemoglobin saturation immediately after the session and at 30 minutes. There was also an increase in blood lactate levels immediately after the session (p=0.006). Conclusion: The particularities of the hypoxic environment associated with maximum exercise are able to cause a deterioration of mood and physiological responses, which can negatively modulate physical performance. This is a cross-sectional clinical study.

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