scholarly journals Green Chitosan:Thiourea Dioxide Cleaning Gel for Manganese Stains on Granite and Glass Substrates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Campos ◽  
Alexandra Marco ◽  
Guilhermina Cadeco ◽  
David M. Freire-Lista ◽  
Joaquin Silvestre-Albero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Green Cleaning ◽  
Granite Samples ◽  
Chitosan Gel

Abstract The cleaning or removal of manganese stains on Cultural Heritage has not been much tested or successful so far. The aim of this article was to assess a new green cleaning gel for Mn-rich black-blue stains on different substrates. The black-blue stains were characterized at optical and chemical level through RGB data, colorimetry, optical microscope, FTIR, XRF and XPS. Mn-stained granite found on historical churches at Vila Real (North of Portugal) and glass jars of Leclanché cells, belonging to the ISEP’s Museum (Portugal) collection, were the ideal case studies to test the efficiency of Chitosan:Thiourea Dioxide (TD) cleaning gel. TD proved to be the best candidate to reduce insoluble manganese oxides, over Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride and Hydroxymethanesulfinic Acid. Cleaning assays performed on stained granite samples collected at a historical quarry and in situ application on stained granite churches showed the complete removal of the stains. Similar results were obtained on stained glass jars. This article presents an innovative, feasible and green Chitosan gel embedded with TD and phosphoric acid, applied to the cleaning of Mn-stained granite and glass substrates.

scholarly journals Green chitosan: thiourea dioxide cleaning gel for manganese stains on granite and glass substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Campos ◽  
Alexandra Marco ◽  
Guilhermina Cadeco ◽  
David M. Freire-Lista ◽  
Joaquin Silvestre-Albero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Thiourea Dioxide ◽  
Green Cleaning ◽  
Granite Samples

AbstractThe cleaning or removal of manganese stains on Cultural Heritage has not been much tested or successful so far. The aim of this article was to assess a new green cleaning gel for Mn-rich black-blue stains on different substrates. The black-blue stains were characterized at optical and chemical level through colour-related data, optical microscope, FTIR, XRF and XPS. Mn-stained granite found on historical churches at Vila Real (North of Portugal) and glass jars of Leclanché cells, belonging to the ISEP’s Museum (Portugal) collection, were the ideal case studies to test the efficiency of chitosan: thiourea dioxide (TD) cleaning gel. TD proved to be the best candidate to reduce insoluble manganese oxides, over Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride and Hydroxymethanesulfinic Acid. Cleaning assays performed on stained granite samples collected at a historical quarry and in situ application on stained granite churches allowed removal of the stains to a satisfactory level. Similar results were obtained on stained glass jars.

scholarly journals In-situ observation of graphene using an optical microscope

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 100138
Author(s):  
Mikihiro Kato ◽  
Sujun Guan ◽  
Xinwei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscope ◽  
In Situ Observation

Effect of Volatiles on Soot Based Deposit Layers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Salvi ◽  
John Hoard ◽  
Mitchell Bieniek ◽  
Mehdi Abarham ◽  
Dan Styles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties ◽  
Deposit Layer

The implementation of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers has recently been a widespread methodology for engine in-cylinder NOX reduction. A common problem with the use of EGR coolers is the tendency for a deposit, or fouling layer to form through thermophoresis. These deposit layers consist of soot and volatiles and reduce the effectiveness of heat exchangers at decreasing exhaust gas outlet temperatures, subsequently increasing engine out NOX emission. This paper presents results from a novel visualization rig that allows for the development of a deposit layer while providing optical and infrared access. A 24-hour, 379 micron thick deposit layer was developed and characterized with an optical microscope, an infrared camera, and a thermogravimetric analyzer. The in-situ thermal conductivity of the deposit layer was calculated to be 0.047 W/mK. Volatiles from the layer were then evaporated off and the layer reanalyzed. Results suggest that volatile bake-out can significantly alter the thermo-physical properties of the deposit layer and hypotheses are presented as to how.

Study on preparing PLT(28) thin film and its electro-optic effect

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1266-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Li Ding ◽  
Wei-Gen Luo ◽  
P. S. Qiu ◽  
J. W. Feng ◽  
R. T. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ceramic Powders ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Electro Optic

PLT(28) thin films deposited on glass substrates were studied by two sputtering processes. One is an in situ magnetron sputtering and the other is a low-temperature magnetron sputtering. The sintered PLT ceramic powders are used as a sputtering target for both processes. The influences of sputtering and annealing conditions on structure and crystallinity of the films were investigated. The electro-optic (E-O) properties of PLT(28) thin films prepared by the two processes were determined by a technique according to Faraday effect. The researches showed the E-O properties were strongly affected by the sputtering process. The film with larger grains exhibits stronger E-O effect. The quadratic E-O coefficient of PLT(28) thin film varies in the range of 0.1 × 10−16 to 1.0 × 10−16 (m/v)2.

Effect of speciation transformation of manganese on aggregation and deposition of graphene oxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2545-2552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Shu ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Guiwei Li ◽  
Weihuang Zhu ◽  
Haotian Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Graphene Oxides

Graphene oxides can be effectively aggregated by in situ formed manganese oxides.

scholarly journals Correction: In situ growth of TiO2/SiO2 nanospheres on glass substrates via solution impregnation for antifogging

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (69) ◽  
pp. 40213-40213
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Wuyi Zhou ◽  
Shiying Zhang ◽  
Long Wan
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Growth ◽  
Glass Substrates

Correction for ‘In situ growth of TiO2/SiO2 nanospheres on glass substrates via solution impregnation for antifogging’ by Fang Liu et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 15992–15996.

Cement within Cement Revision Hip Arthroplasty a Minimum 5 Year Follow-Up Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Holland ◽  
F.A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Stem ◽  
Femoral Shaft ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Cemented Stem ◽  
Revision Hip Surgery

Complete removal of femoral shaft cement during revision hip surgery is a difficult task prone to complications. If the cement bone interface is intact however, is there a place for its preservation and re-use with a new cemented stem? The results are reported of 51 cement within cement femoral stem revisions carried out between 1984 and 1991 with a minimum of 5 years’ follow-up, and a mean of 7.8 years. Excluding patients lost or deceased, 39 hips in 38 patients were reviewed clinically and radiologically. Eighty-two percent of these were still functioning in situ, 72% were excellent or good using the HSS scoring system and 97% had no radiological evidence of loosening. Femoral stem failure due to aseptic loosening occurred in 4 cases (10%) between 4 and 12 years after revision. Comparing this series to a previous revision hip series by the senior author, there appears to be no deterioration in long term results using this technique, and a better long term radiological outcome.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document