Green chitosan: thiourea dioxide cleaning gel for manganese stains on granite and glass substrates

The cleaning or removal of manganese stains on Cultural Heritage has not been much tested or successful so far. The aim of this article was to assess a new green cleaning gel for Mn-rich black-blue stains on different substrates. The black-blue stains were characterized at optical and chemical level through colour-related data, optical microscope, FTIR, XRF and XPS. Mn-stained granite found on historical churches at Vila Real (North of Portugal) and glass jars of Leclanché cells, belonging to the ISEP’s Museum (Portugal) collection, were the ideal case studies to test the efficiency of chitosan: thiourea dioxide (TD) cleaning gel. TD proved to be the best candidate to reduce insoluble manganese oxides, over Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride and Hydroxymethanesulfinic Acid. Cleaning assays performed on stained granite samples collected at a historical quarry and in situ application on stained granite churches allowed removal of the stains to a satisfactory level. Similar results were obtained on stained glass jars.

Green Chitosan:Thiourea Dioxide Cleaning Gel for Manganese Stains on Granite and Glass Substrates

The cleaning or removal of manganese stains on Cultural Heritage has not been much tested or successful so far. The aim of this article was to assess a new green cleaning gel for Mn-rich black-blue stains on different substrates. The black-blue stains were characterized at optical and chemical level through RGB data, colorimetry, optical microscope, FTIR, XRF and XPS. Mn-stained granite found on historical churches at Vila Real (North of Portugal) and glass jars of Leclanché cells, belonging to the ISEP’s Museum (Portugal) collection, were the ideal case studies to test the efficiency of Chitosan:Thiourea Dioxide (TD) cleaning gel. TD proved to be the best candidate to reduce insoluble manganese oxides, over Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride and Hydroxymethanesulfinic Acid. Cleaning assays performed on stained granite samples collected at a historical quarry and in situ application on stained granite churches showed the complete removal of the stains. Similar results were obtained on stained glass jars. This article presents an innovative, feasible and green Chitosan gel embedded with TD and phosphoric acid, applied to the cleaning of Mn-stained granite and glass substrates.

Conceptual design of portable electrolyzed water cleaning rig using TRIZ method

The limited budget allocation and storage chemicals space are the main reasons food SMEs manufacturers took cleaning and sanitation for granted. A portable Electrolyzed Water Cleaning Rig which can generate sanitation solution and at the same time generated high-speed water will ease the cleaning and sanitation process for SMEs. In this study, the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ method) is applied in the development of portable electrolyzed water cleaning rig. A new conceptual design for the rig, which is robust and affordable is proposed. The rig could improve cleaning efficiency significantly in SME food industry in Malaysia, which is a major cause of a low number of SME with GMP certification. However, the final conceptual design has to undergo several modifications for assembly and manufacturing purposes, which will be performed in further study. The idea of generation for the portable electrolyzed water cleaning rig design was illustrated based on the TRIZ contradiction matrix. This portable unit will be able to generate both strongly acidic electrolyzed water (AcEW) and strongly alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW) solution continuously. Both cleaning solutions are green cleaning solutions which can replace the commercial cleaning sanitation solutions. The development of the conceptual design of the portable Electrolyzed Water Cleaning Rig will help food SMEs tremendously.

OVERCOMING OBSTACLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IKRT / UMK THROUGH APPLICATION OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

The SME sector that has an important role in the Indonesian industry is the small and home industry (IKRT) or micro and small businesses (MSME). In everyday life, washing clothes and washing the house is an activity that is usually done by everyone, especially by the home industry. IKRT (UMK) Suradita RW 09 Suradita Indah Complex, is IKRT (UMK) in the Suradita sub-district, which produces green cleaning products guided by Universitas Mercu Buana lecturers who have been operating for one year. IKRT (UMK) was established to increase the knowledge of housewives who live in RW 09, where production is marketed in the surrounding area as well. In addition there is no good management governance, also a good marketing strategy. Based on the above, the objectives of community service are (1) using appropriate technology in the green cleaner production process, (2) improving the quality of green cleaner product formulations, (3) implementing good governance management and marketing strategies to be more effective and efficient and has sustainable competitiveness. The results of this community service are (1) appropriate technology that can be used in the production process. (2) Improving the quality of green cleaner product formulations and (3) governance management and marketing strategies. And can avoid Suradita IKRT which is more effective and efficient and has sustainable competitiveness.

EFEKTIFITAS PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SUROBOYO BUS

This study aims to identify and describe the development of an effective Suroboyo Bus management strategy. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection is done by interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. Informants in this study were the public as Suroboyo Bus passengers, the Head of Operations Manager at Suroboyo Bus in Surabaya Transportation Department and the Head of Trash Management on Suroboyo Bus in the Surabaya City Green Cleaning and Open Space Office, and the Suroboyo Bus Organizer. Data analysis techniques using SWOT. The results in this study indicate that there are weaknesses and threats that can be overcome by using the strengths and opportunities that Suroboyo Bus has to develop. In this case, future strategies based on digital technology are formulated by implementing Excellent Public Service based on Digital Technology. In implementing the strategy, the focus is more on the use of digital technology to provide satisfying services to Suroboyo Bus users.