In situ optical microscope studies at isotactic polypropylene crystallization induced by shear forces – A review

The implementation of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers has recently been a widespread methodology for engine in-cylinder NOX reduction. A common problem with the use of EGR coolers is the tendency for a deposit, or fouling layer to form through thermophoresis. These deposit layers consist of soot and volatiles and reduce the effectiveness of heat exchangers at decreasing exhaust gas outlet temperatures, subsequently increasing engine out NOX emission. This paper presents results from a novel visualization rig that allows for the development of a deposit layer while providing optical and infrared access. A 24-hour, 379 micron thick deposit layer was developed and characterized with an optical microscope, an infrared camera, and a thermogravimetric analyzer. The in-situ thermal conductivity of the deposit layer was calculated to be 0.047 W/mK. Volatiles from the layer were then evaporated off and the layer reanalyzed. Results suggest that volatile bake-out can significantly alter the thermo-physical properties of the deposit layer and hypotheses are presented as to how.

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Anterior transvertebral interbody cage with posterior transdiscal pedicle screw instrumentation for high-grade spondylolisthesis

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/foc.2006.20.3.8 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Will Forest Beringer ◽

Jean-Pierre Mobasser ◽

Dean Karahalios ◽

Eric Alfred Potts

Keyword(s):

Pedicle Screw ◽

Degenerative Spondylolisthesis ◽

Pedicle Screws ◽

Pedicle Screw Fixation ◽

Technical Note ◽

Slip Angle ◽

Fibular Graft ◽

High Grade ◽

Shear Forces

✓Adult high-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis represents the extreme end of the spectrum for spondylolisthesis and is consequently rarely encountered. Surgical management of high-grade spondylolisthesis requires constructs capable of resisting the shear forces at the slipped L5–S1 interspace. The severity of the slip, sacral inclination, and slip angle may make conventional approaches to 360° fusion difficult or hazardous. Transdiscal pedicle screw fixation, transvertebral fibular graft fusion, and transvertebral cage fixation are techniques that have been developed to establish anterior column load sharing and to resist shear forces at the L5–S1 interspace, given the anatomical constraints accompanying high-grade spondylolisthesis. In this technical note the authors describe the procedure for implanting an in situ anterior L5–S1 transvertebral cage and performing L4–5 anterior lumbar interbody fusion, followed by placement of posterior S1–L5 vertebral body transdiscal pedicle screws for management of high-grade spondylolisthesis.

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Morphology and mechanical properties of poly (phenylene sulfide)/isotactic polypropylene in situ microfibrillar blends

Polymer Engineering & Science ◽

10.1002/pen.20406 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

pp. 1303-1311 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Hui Quan ◽

Gan-Ji Zhong ◽

Zhong-Ming Li ◽

Ming-Bo Yang ◽

Bang-Hu Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Isotactic Polypropylene ◽

Morphology And Mechanical Properties ◽

Phenylene Sulfide

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In situ generation of a self-dispersed β-nucleating agent with increased nucleation efficiency in isotactic polypropylene

Polymer ◽

10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 84-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Shicheng Zhao ◽

Wei Qin ◽

Zhong Xin ◽

Shuai Zhou ◽

Hanzhang Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Isotactic Polypropylene ◽

Nucleating Agent ◽

In Situ Generation

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In-situ measurements of strain distribution by coupling digital image correlation and an optical microscope

Microsystem Technologies ◽

10.1007/s00542-020-04760-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chien-Ching Ma ◽

Hsiang-Wei Ho ◽

Wan-Hsuan Chou ◽

Dong-Rong Chen ◽

Ching-Yuan Chang

Keyword(s):

Digital Image Correlation ◽

Digital Image ◽

Strain Distribution ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

In Situ Measurements ◽

Image Correlation

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In Situ Time-Resolved X-ray Scattering Study of Isotactic Polypropylene in Additive Manufacturing

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ◽

10.1021/acsami.9b12908 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (40) ◽

pp. 37112-37120 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yuval Shmueli ◽

Yu-Chung Lin ◽

Sungsik Lee ◽

Mikhail Zhernenkov ◽

Rina Tannenbaum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Isotactic Polypropylene ◽

Time Resolved ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Scattering Study ◽

Ray Scattering

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In-Situ Monitoring and Analysis of the Pitting Corrosion of Carbon Steel by Acoustic Emission

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9040706 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 706 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Junlei Tang ◽

Junyang Li ◽

Hu Wang ◽

Yingying Wang ◽

Geng Chen

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Emission ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Pitting Corrosion ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Open Circuit ◽

In Situ Monitoring ◽

Localized Corrosion ◽

Uniform Corrosion ◽

Corrosion Morphology

The acoustic emission (AE) technique was applied to monitor the pitting corrosion of carbon steel in NaHCO3 + NaCl solutions. The open circuit potential (OCP) measurement and corrosion morphology in-situ capturing using an optical microscope were conducted during AE monitoring. The corrosion micromorphology was characterized with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The propagation behavior and AE features of natural pitting on carbon steel were investigated. After completion of the signal processing, including pre-treatment, shape preserving interpolation, and denoising, for raw AE waveforms, three types of AE signals were classified in the correlation diagrams of the new waveform parameters. Finally, a 2D pattern recognition method was established to calculate the similarity of different continuous AE graphics, which is quite effective to distinguish the localized corrosion from uniform corrosion.

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